Landscapes-a lens for assessing sustainability.

Context: There are urgent calls to transition society to more sustainable trajectories, at scales ranging from local to global. Landscape sustainability (LS), or the capacity for landscapes to provide equitable access to ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing for both current and future generations, provides an operational approach to monitor these transitions. However, the complexity of landscapes complicates how and what to consider when assessing LS.

Geographical contrasts of Y-chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions.

By their paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single-nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y-chromosomal variants from whole-genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project.

Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen saturation on a 0% to 100% scale: reliability and validity of the Moxy Monitor.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor muscle oxygen saturation (SmO) is rapidly expanding into applied sports settings. However, the technology is limited due to its inability to convey quantifiable values. A test battery to assess reliability and validity of a 0% to 100% scale modeled by a commercially available NIRS device was established.

Ungual melanoma - controversies in diagnosis and treatment.

Ungual melanomas are considered rare, being difficult to diagnose, and having a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to discuss the epidemiology, potential causes, treatment options, and outcome of ungual melanomas. In contrast to assumptions in many articles, ungual melanomas are not rare when calculated for the cumulative size of the nail apparatus of both the fingers and toes.

Advanced nail surgery.

Six techniques not yet widely known or used in the dermatologic surgery of the nails are briefly described. Small-to-medium-sized tumours of the proximal nail fold (PNF) can be excised and the defect repaired with advancement or rotation flaps. A superficial biopsy technique of the matrix for the diagnosis of longitudinal brown streaks in the nail, which allows rapid histological diagnosis of the melanocyte focus to be performed, is described here.

[Precancerous and early invasive carcinomas: non-surgical treatment of head and facial skin].

Chronic exposure to sunlight with its high proportion of high energy ultraviolet light is the main cause of the common cutaneous precancerous lesions and carcinomas of the head and neck. This causes a field cancerization effect frequently with multiple actinic keratoses (AKs), basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Although demonstrating the best cure rates and lowest recurrence rates, surgical excision rapidly progresses to its limits.

TGF-beta 3 expression correlates with epithelial cell death in normal, hyperplastic and malignant prostate.

Cytokines of the TGF beta family are thought to be involved in cellular growth control and are therefore likely candidates to regulate homeostasis of the prostate. We have analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of TGF-beta 3 in normal prostate (NP), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Its expression was correlated to cell death and cell proliferation using double labeling techniques with terminal transferase and anti-Ki67 antibodies, respectively.

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor expression and biological action in human pancreatic cancer cells.

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is activated by EGF and other EGF-like growth factors, including heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). We characterized the biological actions of HB-EGF in PANC-1 and COLO-357 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and determined whether the presence of HB-EGF in human pancreatic carcinomas correlates with patient survival. HB-EGF enhanced the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with a potency that was generally similar to that of EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha).

Betacellulin, a member of the epidermal growth-factor family, is overexpressed in human pancreatic-cancer.

Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas overexpress the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Betacellulin is a mitogenic polypeptide that binds and activates this receptor. To determine whether betacellulin has a role in human pancreatic cancer, we studied its expression in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines and in normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues.

Amphiregulin is a potent mitogen in human pancreatic-cancer cells - correlation with patient survival.

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is activated by EGF and other EGF-like growth factors, including amphiregulin (AR). We characterized the localization and mitogenic action of AR in T3M4 and COLO-357 human pancreatic cancer cell lines and determined whether the presence of AR in human pancreatic cancers correlates with patient survival. Both T3M4 and COLO-357 cells were found to be extremely sensitive to AR, one-half maximal stimulation occurring at a concentration of 70 and 50 pM, respectively.

Increased mdm2 expression and immunoreactivity in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The murine double minute-2 (MDM2) gene encodes a 90 kDa protein which binds and inactivates the protein product of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. To elucidate the potential role of MDM2 in benign and malignant hyperproliferative conditions in the pancreas, we studied MDM2 expression in cultured human pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic tissues from normal donors, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). All the tested cell lines (PANC-1, COLO-357, HPAF and T3M4) expressed a 5.

Jund activates transcription through multiple gres in the absence of active glucocorticoid receptor.

Transcription factor AP-1 and the glucocorticoid receptor activate gene expression through interaction with specific DNA elements located in the promoter/enhancer region of responsive genes. Recently, it was reported that AP-1 and the glucocorticoid receptor are able to mutually repress each others transcriptional activity. Both, Fos and Jun consist of small families of genes coding for structurally related proteins.