sp. nov., a new species associating with sugar beet root rot in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Introduction: Sugar beet ( L.) is an economically important crop grown worldwide, but its production is threatened by root rot diseases caused by soil-borne fungi. This study aimed to identify and characterize a new pathogen causing root rot in sugar beet in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of SPF Bama piglets during breast and formula feeding.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the growth performance, health status, and welfare of pigs. Breast milk is a key factor in the colonization of gut microbiota and the overall health of newborn piglets. With advancements in breeding technology, formula milk has been widely adopted as a substitute for breast milk.

Individual variation in the functional lateralization of human ventral temporal cortex: Local competition and long-range coupling.

The ventral temporal cortex (VTC) of the human cerebrum is critically engaged in high-level vision. One intriguing aspect of this region is its functional lateralization, with neural responses to words being stronger in the left hemisphere, and neural responses to faces being stronger in the right hemisphere; such patterns can be summarized with a signed laterality index (LI), positive for leftward laterality. Converging evidence has suggested that word laterality emerges to couple efficiently with left-lateralized frontotemporal language regions, but evidence is more mixed regarding the sources of the right lateralization for face perception.

Analysis of functional connectivity changes from childhood to old age: A study using HCP-D, HCP-YA, and HCP-A datasets.

We present a new clustering-enabled regression approach to investigate how functional connectivity (FC) of the entire brain changes from childhood to old age. By applying this method to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data aggregated from three Human Connectome Project studies, we cluster brain regions that undergo identical age-related changes in FC and reveal diverse patterns of these changes for different region clusters. While most brain connections between pairs of regions show minimal yet statistically significant FC changes with age, only a tiny proportion of connections exhibit practically significant age-related changes in FC.

Esophageal Siderosis: An Unusual Complication of Oral Iron Therapy.

Iron is the most common nutritional deficiency encountered in the United States, with over 15% of Americans using some form of daily oral iron supplementation. Although commonly associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects, severe gastrointestinal complications are rare. Direct cytotoxic mucosal damage and subsequent ulcer formation have rarely been reported.

Supporting the home care workforce across the Southern United States: impetus, exploration, and policy strategies.

Southern states face severe home care labor shortages due to low wages, poor working conditions, and limited career advancement opportunities, which are exacerbated by the region's historical labor policies and economic inequalities. This study analyzed workforce size in relation to the population of older adults likely to require paid home care services, subsequently contextualizing those results using a thematic analysis of state American Rescue Plan Act section 9817 spending plans to identify trends in proposed initiatives designed to strengthen the workforce across the region. Our findings highlight significant disparities in workforce availability, with more diverse areas with higher concentrations of Hispanic, immigrant, and low-income populations exhibiting higher workforce capacity compared with less diverse regions.

Environmental impact of colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy and multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing.

The substantial carbon footprint imparted by medical services warrants increased attention to their environmental impact. National guideline organizations such as the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend multiple modalities for average-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with varying resource intensity. The aim of this study was to quantify the environmental burden for 2 of the most used CRC screening modalities, colonoscopy and the multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test.

The importance of moral fit to expectations of academic and professional wellbeing.

What impact does moral fit have on expectations and engagement in higher education? We conducted two studies with college and university students in the U.S. In Study 1 ( = 151), we manipulated the moral fit of a hypothetical student, assessing its impact on anticipated academic, social, and professional outcomes.

When helping hurts: validating a measure of compulsive helping and exploring potential correlates.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study proposes and validates a new measure of compulsive helping: helping which harms the helper.

Methods: Emerging Adults ( = 438; Mage = 20.29, SD = 1.

Visible-Light-Driven Catalytic Dehalogenation of Trichloroacetic Acid and α-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Multiple Roles of Copper.

Herein, we report the reaction development and mechanistic studies of visible-light-driven Cu-catalyzed dechlorination of trichloroacetic acid for the highly selective formation of monochloroacetic acid. Visible-light-driven transition metal catalysis via an inner-sphere pathway features the dual roles of transition metal species in photoexcitation and substrate activation steps, and a detailed mechanistic understanding of their roles is crucial for the further development of light-driven catalysis. This catalytic method, which features environmentally desired ascorbic acid as the hydrogen atom source and water/ethanol as the solvent, can be further applied to the dehalogenation of a variety of halocarboxylic acids and amides.

Cell-Type Specific Variation in X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Drosophila.

Male require dosage compensation to equalize X-linked gene expression with autosomal expression. Leveraging the single-nucleus Fly Cell Atlas (FCA) dataset, which includes 388,918 nuclei across diverse tissues, we investigated cell-type-specific patterns of X-chromosome dosage compensation. Our analysis identified a continuum of cell groups based on their X-to-autosome (X/A) expression ratios ranging from anti-compensated to effectively compensated and overcompensated.

Regulation of , a sucrose-inducible promoter in .

In gram-negative bacteria, when nutrients are too large or too scarce to diffuse through outer membrane porins, TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) are utilized to actively translocate substrates across the outer membrane. is a gram-negative bacterium with a large set of TBDRs, many which have not been fully characterized. Previous studies identified SucA, a TBDR that transports sucrose.

The disruptive influence of the Ala218Val variant on the ENG protein.

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease that interferes with the formation of arteries. The gene encodes for the protein endoglin which is used to properly develop and remodel arteries. The removal of endoglin forms telangiectasias that cause bleeding from the nose and vital organs.

Design and validation of a cross-cultural virtual exchange experience among bilingual medical students.

Exposure to cross-cultural medical education is essential for professionals aiming to work in global health or serve diverse communities. However, traditional in-person exchange programs can be complex, costly, and restricted, particularly during times when travel is limited, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges prompted us to explore novel approaches to support cross-cultural exchange programs.

The role of digital health in respiratory diseases management: a narrative review of recent literature.

This review provides a detailed overview of how digital health can be utilized in the management of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). ILD encompasses a diverse range of lung disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, leading to restrictive lung physiology and impaired gas exchange, with symptoms including progressive dyspnoea, cough, and hypoxia. COPD which ranks as the third leading cause of death globally, is characterized by chronic lung inflammation causing irreversible airflow obstruction, recurrent exacerbations.

Altered leptin signaling and attenuated cardiac vagal activity in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: The leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is cardiovascular-related events, including myocardial infraction-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Previous studies have shown that T2DM-induced functional remodeling of cardiac vagal postganglionic (CVP) neurons contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis. As leptin resistance is common in T2DM patients, and CVP neurons are located in epicardial adipose pads, a tissue that secretes leptin, in this study we aimed to elucidate a correlation between leptin resistance and CVP neuronal dysfunction in T2DM.

The Effect of Protein Intake on Bone Disease, Kidney Disease, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Protein is essential for optimal growth, function, and maintenance of health. Its impact on bone, kidney health, and sarcopenia progression remains debated.

Objectives: This review examines the association between dietary protein intake and the risk of bone disease, kidney disease, and sarcopenia to inform protein dietary reference intake updates.

Autism spectrum disorder related phenotypes in a mouse model lacking the neuronal actin binding protein profilin 2.

Introduction: Profilin 2 (PFN2) is an actin binding protein highly expressed in the brain that participates in actin dynamics. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo that in neurons it functions both post-synaptically to shape and maintain dendritic arborizations and spine density and plasticity, as well as pre-synaptically to regulate vesicle exocytosis. PFN2 was also found in protein complexes with proteins that have been implicated in or are causative of autism spectrum disorder.

 (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Cerro Golondrinas in the northern Andes of Ecuador.

Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northern Andes of Ecuador resulted in the discovery of a new species of (Gesneriaceae). J.L.

A digital multi-access key for easy identification of large tree species of ebony wood in Madagascar.

In 2013, all populations of the precious wood genera (Fabaceae) and (Ebenaceae) from Madagascar were placed on CITES Appendix II in an effort to combat unsustainable and illicit over-exploitation and illegal exportation for the international market. The accompanying Action Plan adopted by CITES identified several information and capacity gaps, which undermine the sustainable and equitable management of these valuable resources. These gaps include the lack of practical, reliable tools to identify species along the entire value chain, from standing trees to cut wood and finished products.

Pharmacokinetic effect of disease severity and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill Asian patients receiving vancomycin.

Purpose: Vancomycin is an essential antibiotic for the treatment of severe gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA). In critically ill patients, particularly children, attaining the appropriate dosage is crucial to avert drug resistance and ensure therapeutic efficacy. This study sought to investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill Asian pediatric patients and evaluate the influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and disease severity on vancomycin clearance.

MONSTROUS: a web-based chemical-transporter interaction profiler.

Transporters are membrane proteins that are critical for normal cellular function and mediate the transport of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Chemical interactions with these transporters have the potential to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Inhibition of transporters can cause adverse drug-drug interactions and toxicity, whereas if a drug is a substrate of a transporter, it could lead to reduced therapeutic effects.

Knowledge structure and dynamic evolution of nanomedicine in liver cancer research: a scientometric analysis and visualization.

Background: Nanomedicine has received much attention for its potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. However, no bibliometric evaluation has been conducted to present an assessment of scientific progress in the field. The aim of this study is to comprehensively catalog the cooperation and influence of journals, countries, institutions, and authors in the field of nanomedicine in liver cancer from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and uncover hot topics and emerging themes.