North American avian species that migrate in flocks show greater long-term non-breeding range shift rates.

Background: Many species are exhibiting range shifts associated with anthropogenic change. For migratory species, colonisation of new areas can require novel migratory programmes that facilitate navigation between independently-shifting seasonal ranges. Therefore, in some cases range-shifts may be limited by the capacity for novel migratory programmes to be transferred between generations, which can be genetically and socially mediated.

Prophage-DB: a comprehensive database to explore diversity, distribution, and ecology of prophages.

Background: Viruses that infect prokaryotes (phages) constitute the most abundant group of biological agents, playing pivotal roles in microbial systems. They are known to impact microbial community dynamics, microbial ecology, and evolution. Efforts to document the diversity, host range, infection dynamics, and effects of bacteriophage infection on host cell metabolism are extremely underexplored.

Therapeutic development to accelerate malaria control through intentional intervention layering.

The clinical development of novel vaccines, injectable therapeutics, and oral chemoprevention drugs has the potential to deliver significant advancements in the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. These innovations could support regions in accelerating malaria control, transforming existing intervention packages by supplementing interventions with imperfect effectiveness or offering an entirely new tool. However, to layer new medical tools as part of an existing programme, malaria researchers must come to an agreement on the gaps that currently limit the effectiveness of medical interventions for moderate to low transmission settings.

Combined 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and physical activity on mortality in US stroke survivors: findings from the NHANES.

Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and physical activity (PA) are linked and both are associated with changes in mortality. We examined the association of 25(OH)D and PA with all-cause or cause-specific mortality risk in stroke survivors.

Methods: The analysis included 677 stroke survivors from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 to 2017-2018.

Pathogen delivery route impacts disease severity in experimental Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection of domestic lambs.

M. ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that can cause mild to moderate pneumonia and reduced productivity in domestic lambs. However, studies on both natural and experimental M.

Combined exposure to mixed brominated flame retardants on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in US adults.

Background: Accumulating research highlights that exposure to serum brominated flame retardants (BFRs) may elevate health risks. The effects of serum BFRs, both alone and in combination, on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not been thoroughly studied. Our main goal was to examine the association between individual and mixtures of serum BFRs and OSAS risk.

A systemic approach to identifying sustainable community-based interventions for improving adolescent mental health: a participatory group model building and design protocol.

Background: The deteriorating mental health of children and young people in the United Kingdom poses a challenge that services and policy makers have found difficult to tackle. Kailo responds to this issue with a community-based participatory and systemically informed strategy, perceiving mental health and well-being as a dynamic state shaped by the interplay of broader health determinants. The initiative works to explore, define and implement locally relevant solutions to challenges shaping the mental health and well-being of young people.

Time-dependent, patient-centered perceptions of quality measures for total joint arthroplasty: a cross-sectional, choice modeling study.

Background: As value-based care arrangements continue to assess quality of care and costs, comprehensive and patient-centered definitions of quality of care are required. While patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly integrated into quality assessments following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), patient perceptions of quality paired with the phase of surgical care has not been described. The purpose of this study was to assess how TJA patients perceive measures of quality of care and assess if these perceptions change based on the phase of care.

Nontarget Analysis and Characterization of a Group of Abundant Polyfluoroalkyl Substances─Fluorinated Benzoylurea Pesticides and Their Analogues and Transformation Products in Fish by LC-HRMS and Chemical Species-Specific Algorithms.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large class of fluorinated chemicals used in various industrial and agrochemical products such as fluorinated benzoylurea (FBU) pesticides. Initiated from an incidental and preliminary finding of three high-abundance FBUs in fish, this study implemented nontarget analysis and characterization for FBUs together with their analogues and transformation products (TPs) in fish using liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and chemical species-specific algorithms. A total of 23 FBU-relevant compounds were found and tentatively/accurately elucidated with structures, including 18 PFASs and 5 non-PFAS compounds, of which 4 were original FBUs, 8 were FBU analogues, and 11 were FBU-TPs.

Assessment of a Single-Element Scanning System for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging of Brain Hemorrhage.

The use of photoacoustic brain imaging for hemorrhage detection holds significant clinical importance. This study focuses on the performance of sensitivity and detection capabilities of a single-element scanning system, considering the remarkable signal-to-noise ratio of photoacoustic signals generated by a single-element transducer. By employing blood vessel-like phantoms and ex vivo brain phantoms, we demonstrated the superior efficacy of the single-element scanning method over the transducer array system in the context of brain hemorrhage detection.

The impact of co-housing on murine aging studies.

Analysis of preclinical lifespan studies often assume that outcome data from co-housed animals are independent. In practice, treatments, such as controlled feeding or putative life-extending compounds, are applied to whole housing units, and as a result, the outcomes are potentially correlated within housing units. We consider intra-class (here, intra-cage) correlation in three published and two unpublished lifespan studies of aged mice encompassing more than 20,000 observations.

Social Determinants, Mental Well-Being, and Disrupted Life Transitions Among Young Adults with Disabling Mental Health Conditions.

This study sought to understand how young adults (age 18-25) with histories of mental health disorders are coping with disrupted transitions to adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional web survey was conducted in March-June 2021 of 967 US young adults with pre-pandemic psychiatric disability to assess their current psychiatric status, interrupted transitions, and associations with social determinants including income, community participation, and social context. Mental health was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version.

Exploring a shared vision for success in permanent supportive housing: a community-partnered study in Colorado, USA.

In the United States and within Colorado, the number of persons experiencing homelessness has risen, with over 600,000 counted on a single night in 2023. Limited data integration across healthcare and social services hinders understanding of how permanent supportive housing (PSH) affects health outcomes. Our study in partnership with healthcare experts, housing providers, and a community advisory panel aimed to integrate data from health records, the justice system, and housing case manager notes to create a multidimensional measure of PSH success.

Dung predicts the global distribution of herbivore grazing pressure in drylands.

Dryland grazing sustains millions of people worldwide but, when poorly managed, threatens food security. Here we combine livestock and wild herbivore dung mass data from surveys at 760 dryland sites worldwide, representing independent measurements of herbivory, to generate high-resolution maps. We show that livestock and wild herbivore grazing is globally disconnected, and identify hotspots of herbivore activity across Africa, the Eurasian grasslands, India, Australia and the United States.

Loss of Kmt2c or Kmt2d primes urothelium for tumorigenesis and redistributes KMT2A-menin to bivalent promoters.

Members of the KMT2C/D-KDM6A complex are recurrently mutated in urothelial carcinoma and in histologically normal urothelium. Here, using genetically engineered mouse models, we demonstrate that Kmt2c/d knockout in the urothelium led to impaired differentiation, augmented responses to growth and inflammatory stimuli and sensitization to oncogenic transformation by carcinogen and oncogenes. Mechanistically, KMT2D localized to active enhancers and CpG-poor promoters that preferentially regulate the urothelial lineage program and Kmt2c/d knockout led to diminished H3K4me1, H3K27ac and nascent RNA transcription at these sites, which leads to impaired differentiation.

Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Fills During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Denmark.

Background And Objectives: Females of reproductive age are increasingly using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, but its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of ADHD medication fills during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including characteristics of these females and cohort differences over time.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using Danish nationwide registers.

Detecting early cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease using a remote digital multi-day learning paradigm.

Remote, digital cognitive testing on an individual's own device provides the opportunity to deploy previously understudied but promising cognitive paradigms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Boston Remote Assessment for NeuroCognitive Health (BRANCH) captures a personalized learning curve for the same information presented over seven consecutive days. Here, we examined BRANCH multi-day learning curves (MDLCs) in 167 cognitively unimpaired older adults (age = 74.

Sexual Networks and Behavioral Characteristics of HIV-Positive Male Military Members, Female Sex Workers, and Male Civilians.

Military members and female sex workers (FSWs) may be more likely to acquire or transmit HIV. Mapping HIV transmission across these high-risk populations and identifying behaviors associated with sexual network clustering are needed for effective HIV prevention approaches. A cross-sectional study recruited participants newly diagnosed with HIV among militaries, civilians, and FSWs in Zambia, Senegal, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Specialized pericyte subtypes in the pulmonary capillaries.

Pericytes are essential for capillary stability and homeostasis, with impaired pericyte function linked to diseases like pulmonary arterial hypertension. Investigating pericyte biology has been challenging due to the lack of specific markers, making it difficult to distinguish pericytes from other stromal cells. Using bioinformatic analysis and RNAscope, we identified Higd1b as a unique gene marker for pericytes and subsequently generated a knock-in mouse line, Higd1b-CreERT2, that accurately labels pericytes in the lung and heart.

Lifetime risk and projected burden of dementia.

Understanding the lifetime risk of dementia can inform public health planning and improve patient engagement in prevention. Using data from a community-based, prospective cohort study (n = 15,043; 26.9% Black race, 55.

Rapid discovery of cyclic peptide protein aggregation inhibitors by continuous selection.

Protein aggregates are associated with numerous diseases. Here we report a platform for the rapid phenotypic selection of protein aggregation inhibitors from genetically encoded cyclic peptide libraries in Escherichia coli based on phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE). We developed a new PACE-compatible selection for protein aggregation inhibition and used it to identify cyclic peptides that suppress amyloid-β42 and human islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation.

Implementation and evaluation of a novel community-based urban mobile health clinic in Toronto, Ontario.

Setting: Despite Canada's single-payer health system, marginalized populations often experience poor health outcomes and barriers to healthcare access. In response, mobile health clinics (MHCs) have been deployed in several cities across Canada. MHCs are well established in the United States; however, little is known about their role and impact in a country with universal healthcare.

Health risk assessment via ingestion of disinfection by-products in drinking water.

Disinfection is a critical process to ensure the safety of drinking water. To curb the spread of various bacteria and viruses, disinfectants are extensively employed in communities, hospitals, sewage treatment plants, and other settings. However, disinfectants can produce disinfection by-products (DBPs) that threaten human health.