Differences in immune cells and gene expression in human milk by parity on integrated scRNA sequencing.

Background: Human breast milk (HBM) is an important source of tolerogenic immune mediators that influence the infant immune system. HBM-derived immune components are affected by various factors; however, few studies have examined the relationship between parity and immune cell profiles of HBM.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the effects of parity on HBM immune cell heterogeneity and gene expression by integrating and analyzing publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets.

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the head and neck in patients with APC gene deletion mutations: a case report and scoping review of the literature.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor gene expressed throughout the body. APC mutations increase the risk of malignancy and are often characterized by syndromes that encompass a spectrum of neoplastic manifestations, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We present a rare case of palatal peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the context of APC gene mutation.

Leveraging Metal Complexes for Microsecond Lifetime-Based Chloride Sensing.

Chloride is the most abundant anion in cells and plays many critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, current chloride indicators are rare with inherent sensitivity in their emission properties, such as vulnerability to pH changes or short emission lifetimes. These limitations restrict their application in aqueous media and imaging.

Masking in Active Comparator Designs in Pharmacovigilance: A Retrospective Bias Analysis on the Spontaneous Reporting of Thiazolidinediones and Cardiovascular Events.

Introduction: Masking is a reporting bias where drug safety signals are muffled by elevated reporting of other medications in spontaneous reporting databases. While the impact of masking is often limited, its effect when using restricted designs, such as active comparators, can be consequential.

Methods: We used data from the US Food and Drugs Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (1999Q3-2013Q3) to study masking in a real-world example.

Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Form Versatile and Switchable Ultrasmall Nanoparticles.

Block copolymers (BCPs) can form nanoparticles having different morphologies that can be used as photonic nanocrystals and are a platform for drug delivery, sensors, and catalysis. In particular, BCP nanoparticles having disk-like shape have been recently discovered. Such nanodisks can be used as the next-generation antitumor drug delivery carriers; however, the applicability of the existing nanodisks is limited due to their poor or unknown ability to respond to external stimuli.

Funding, Publication Rate and Characteristics of Paediatric Sleep Apnea Clinical Trials: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to characterise available clinical trial information for paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and identify opportunities for future research to better treat children with this condition.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of paediatric OSA clinical trials was conducted using the International Clinical Trials Registry. Criteria for inclusion included sleep apnea trials with participants < 18 years old and an interventional design.

Associations between social determinants of health and mental health disorders among U.S. population: a cross-sectional study.

Aims: The impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on mental health is increasingly realized. A comprehensive study examining the associations of SDOH with mental health disorders has yet to be accomplished. This study evaluated the associations between five domains of SDOH and the SDOH summary score and mental health disorders in the United States.

Development of a qPCR assay for early detection and quantification of in kiwifruit plant and soil affected by Vine Decline Syndrome.

Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is a soilborne disease affecting Actinidia fruit trees in perennial cropping systems. Since its emergence in 2012, studies have increasingly identified the oomycete as a major causative agent of the disease. is also implicated in complex soilborne disease systems of woody perennial crops, including replant disease in apple and pear.

Incidence, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Fungi Growing on Sugar Beet Roots on Top of Outdoor Piles in Idaho.

Sugar beet roots in Idaho are held under ambient conditions in outdoor storage piles which can lead to fungal growth and rot and substantial sucrose loss. Thus the incidence, distribution, and pathogenicity of fungi associated with fungal growth on the surface of sugar beet roots on top of outdoor piles was investigated. The surface fungal growth on sugar beet roots held on top of 14 Idaho outdoor piles [tarped ventilated (TV) piles and piles with no tarps or ventilation (NTV) at 7 locations] was assessed in 2018-19 and 2019-20.

A novel susceptibility locus to () identified by genetic mapping of automated microscopy computer vision data in grapevines.

Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus , is one of the primary causes of grape yield loss across the globe. While numerous resistance loci have been identified in various grapevine species, the genetic determinants of susceptibility to remain largely unexplored. Understanding the genetics of susceptibility for pathogenesis is equally important for developing durable resistance grapevines against this pathogen.

Specific Enrichment of Carrying Microorganisms with Nitrogen Fixation and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction Function Enhances Arsenic Methylation in Plant Rhizosphere Soil.

Plants can recruit microorganisms to enhance soil arsenic (As) removal and nitrogen (N) turnover, but how microbial As methylation in the rhizosphere is affected by N biotransformation is not well understood. Here, we used acetylene reduction assay, gene amplicon, and metagenome sequencing to evaluate the influence of N biotransformation on As methylation in the rhizosphere of , a potential As hyperaccumulator. was grown in mining soils (MS) and artificial As-contaminated soils (AS) over two generations in a controlled pot experiment.

Mapping snoRNA Targets Transcriptome-Wide with snoKARR-seq.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are noncoding RNAs primarily known for guiding chemical modifications of RNA, but their broader cellular roles and contributions to human diseases remain elusive. This In Focus article introduces the development of snoRNA-enriched kethoxal-assisted RNA-RNA sequencing (snoKARR-seq), a transcriptome-wide approach to uncover snoRNA targets with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. This method revealed an unexpected role for snoRNAs in protein translocation and secretion, expanding our understanding of their noncanonical functions.

Considering Comorbidities and Individual Differences in Testing a Gaming Behavioral Activation App for Perinatal Depression and Anxiety: Open Trial Pilot Intervention Study.

Background: There is increasing interest in the development of scalable digital mental health interventions for perinatal populations to increase accessibility. Mobile behavioral activation (BA) is efficacious for the treatment of perinatal depression; however, the effect of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) on symptom trajectories remains underexplored. This is important given that at least 10% of women in the perinatal period experience CAD.

Community Implementation and Evaluation of the Chicago Parent Program.

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) in a community setting. Included are details of the co-designed implementation by academic and community partners, and parenting and child behavior outcomes. Two hundred eighty caregivers of children aged 2-5 years participated in the CPP in seven community sites.

Relationship between community characteristics and impact of calorie labeling on fast-food purchases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sources of heterogeneity in the effect of calorie labeling on fast-food purchases among restaurants located in areas with different neighborhood characteristics.

Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, using transaction data from 2329 Taco Bell restaurants across the United States between 2008 and 2014, we estimated the relationships of census tract-level income, racial and ethnic composition, and urbanicity with the impacts of calorie labeling on calories purchased per transaction.

Results: Calorie labeling led to small, absolute reductions in calories purchased across all population subgroups, ranging between -9.

Enhanced ALD Nucleation on Polymeric Separator for Improved Li-S Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, with their superior energy densities, are emerging as promising successors to conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by challenges such as the shuttle effect of polysulfides, which affects discharge capacity and cycling stability. This study explores the transformative potential of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of AlO on commercial PP/PE/PP separators (Celgard), combined with the use of UV ozone exposure to enhance ALD nucleation on the separator surface, to address these challenges.

Integrating Infant Safe Sleep and Breastfeeding Education Into an App in a Novel Approach to Reaching High-Risk Populations: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a leading cause of death for US infants, and nonrecommended sleep practices are reported in most of these deaths. SUID rates have not declined over the past 20 years despite significant educational efforts. Integration of prenatal safe sleep and breastfeeding education into a pregnancy app may be one approach to engaging pregnant individuals in education about infant care practices prior to childbirth.

Cord blood for autologous transfusion in infants with congenital anomalies: Volumes, sterility, and stability during storage.

Background: Neonates with congenital anomalies frequently require perioperative allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Whole cord blood for autologous transfusion to neonates may provide an alternative RBC source, but whether sufficient volumes can be collected after delayed cord clamping to reduce allogeneic RBC requirements is unknown.

Study Design And Methods: Inclusion criteria were mothers delivering a viable infant >34 weeks' gestation.

"New Normal:" Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Syringe Service Programs Following the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide critical evidence-based public health services that decrease harms from drug use for people who use drugs (PWUD). Many SSPs have experienced significant and evolving COVID-19-related disruptions. We aimed to characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on SSP operations in the United States approximately two years into the pandemic.

The Missing Link in Antiamyloid Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts millions of elderly adults worldwide causing cognitive decline and severe deterioration of activities of daily life. The popular causal hypotheses for several decades include beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. AD research and more than 34% of clinical trials in AD are based on these two hypotheses.

Direct Observation of Fully Spin-Polarized Tunnel Current Between Quantum Spins Using a Single Molecule Sensor.

Controlling spin-polarized currents at the nanoscale is of immense importance for high-density magnetic data storage and spin-based logic devices. As electronic devices are miniaturized to the ultimate limit of individual atoms and molecules, electronic transport is strongly influenced by the properties of the individual spin centers and their magnetic interactions. In this work, we demonstrate the precise control and detection of spin-polarized currents through two coupled spin centers at a tunnel junction by controlling their spin-spin interactions.

Hierarchical Biogenic-Based Thermal Insulation Foam.

Biogenic-based foam, renowned for its sustainable and eco-friendly properties, is emerging as a promising thermal insulating material with the potential to significantly enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in building applications. However, its relatively high thermal conductivity, large-pore configurations, and energy-intensive manufacturing processes hinder its widespread use. Here, we report on the scalable, one-pot synthesis of biogenic foams achieved by integrating recycled paper pulp and in situ nanoporous silica formation, resulting in a hierarchical structure comprising both micropores and nanopores.

Accelerating the Discovery of Abiotic Vesicles with AI-Guided Automated Experimentation.

The first protocells are speculated to have arisen from the self-assembly of simple abiotic carboxylic acids, alcohols, and other amphiphiles into vesicles. To study the complex process of vesicle formation, we combined laboratory automation with AI-guided experimentation to accelerate the discovery of specific compositions and underlying principles governing vesicle formation. Using a low-cost commercial liquid handling robot, we automated experimental procedures, enabling high-throughput testing of various reaction conditions for mixtures of seven (7) amphiphiles.

Vacancy-Mediated Increases in Brine-Salt Surface Energies.

Salt formations have been explored for the permanent isolation of spent nuclear fuel based on their high thermal conductivity, self-healing nature, and low hydraulic permeability to brine flow. Vacancy defect concentrations in salt complicate fracture mechanics not driven by dislocation dynamics and can influence the resulting surface structure. Classical molecular dynamic simulations were used to simulate tensile testing of salt crystals (halite) with vacancy defect concentrations of up to 0.

Integrating Protein Language Model and Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Discover Antibiofouling Peptides.

Antibiofouling peptide materials prevent the nonspecific adsorption of proteins on devices, enabling them to perform their designed functions as desired in complex biological environments. Due to their importance, research on antibiofouling peptide materials has been one of the central subjects of interfacial engineering. However, only a few antibiofouling peptide sequences have been developed.