Discovery of a Potent Triazole-Based Reversible Targeted Covalent Inhibitor of Cruzipain.

Cruzipain (CZP) is an essential cysteine protease of , the etiological agent of Chagas disease, and a promising druggable target. To date, no CZP inhibitors have reached clinical use, with research efforts mostly hampered by insufficient potency, limited target selectivity or lack of bioactivity translation from the isolated enzyme to the parasite in cellular environments. In this study, we report the design of , a 1,2,3-triazole-based targeted covalent inhibitor with nanomolar potency (IC = 28 nM) and null inhibition of human cathepsin L.

Pyrrolopyrazine Compounds as ERK5 Inhibitors for Treating Cancer.

Provided herein are novel pyrrolopyrazine compounds as ERK5 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating cancer, and processes for preparing such compounds.

Novel Imidazotriazine Derivatives as IL-17 Modulators for Treating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders.

Provided herein are novel imidazotriazine derivatives as IL-17 modulators, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and processes for preparing such compounds.

Advances in Psychoactive Alkaloid Delivery, Ergoline Analogues, and Serotonin Receptor Modulation for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.

Recent advancements in pharmaceutical research have focused on developing novel psychoactive compounds and receptor modulators that enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. This Patent Highlight examines three innovative approaches: (1) transmucosal delivery of dephosphorylated psychoactive alkaloids, (2) nonhallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulators, and (3) ergoline analogues designed for treating neurological disorders. These innovations offer breakthroughs in drug delivery, receptor targeting, and structural modifications, aiming to address challenges in the treatment of mood disorders, neurological diseases, and chronic pain while improving bioavailability and reducing side effects and hallucinogenic properties.

Conducting 24-hour movement behaviour research with preschool children in middle-income countries: Lessons from the SUNRISE pilot study in Mexico.

Objectives: Movement behaviour research among preschoolers is nascent in low- and middle-income countries, where levels of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviour in children are largely unknown. This study aimed to adapt and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years (SUNRISE) in Mexico, and report on challenges and solutions while implementing the protocol.

Study Design: Pilot study of the SUNRISE protocol in Mexico.

A measure of modifiable lifestyle factors shaping subjective cognitive reserve in the general population.

Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of a newly developed scale for measuring subjective cognitive reserve (SCR) across multiple domains, including nutrition, physical condition, sleep, cognition, willingness to learn, socialization, general health, and life plan.

Method: The relationship between SCR scores and other established measures of cognitive reserve and subjective cognitive decline was also explored. A sample of 402 healthy participants aged 18 to 79 years took part in the study.

Thermal Behavior of -Octanol and Related Ether Alcohols.

The thermal behavior of -octanol and related ether alcohols has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melting point, heat of fusion, and isobaric heat capacities of -octanol obtained from the DSC measurements are in good agreement with literature values. The ether alcohols display kinetic barriers for forming a solid phase during cooldown.

Bayesian modeling framework for optimizing pre-hospital stroke triage decisions.

Ischemic stroke is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. Stroke treatment optimization requires emergency medical personnel to make rapid triage decisions concerning destination hospitals that may differ in their ability to provide highly time-sensitive pharmaceutical and surgical interventions. These decisions are particularly crucial in rural areas, where transport decisions can have a large impact on treatment times - often involving a trade-off between delay in pharmaceutical therapy or a delay in endovascular thrombectomy.

Workplace factors associated with job satisfaction among dental hygienists and assistants in the United States.

Previous research has assessed job satisfaction and related workplace factors among healthcare workers. However, studies on dental care professionals are limited. This study aimed to evaluate job satisfaction among US dental hygienists (DHs) and assistants (DAs) and identify workplace factors contributing to their job satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Family physicians' perspectives on outcomes, processes, and policies in dementia care.

The rapid rise in numbers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) poses major challenges to health systems and policy. Although primary care clinicians provide ongoing medical care for 80% of affected individuals, they face persistent barriers to providing high-quality dementia care. We conducted qualitative interviews with family physicians ( = 20) to understand what core outcomes they consider most important and what care processes and systems and policy strategies they propose to achieve them.

Medicaid billing for community health worker services growing, but remains low, 2016-2020.

Despite the recognized value of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in improving health outcomes, the integration of CHWs into Medicaid continues to be a challenge. This study examines the trends in CHW billing for Medicaid services across states from 2016 to 2020. We conducted an exploratory descriptive analysis of the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) 2016-2020 to identify trends in direct billing for CHW services, including beneficiaries served, total services rendered, payment type, place of service, and procedure codes used for services billed by CHWs.

Aligning training, regulation, and payment policy to advance the behavioral health workforce.

The United States is facing an unprecedented behavioral health crisis, exacerbated by workforce shortages that limit access to treatment. In response, states are attempting to increase access to behavioral health services by developing new professions and roles and expanding the functions of the existing behavioral health workforce. Yet, training, regulation, and payment policies are often not aligned to effectively deploy the workforce to serve in new or expanded roles to meet behavioral health needs.

Health workforce issues and challenges in the post-pandemic era.

The health workforce is an essential component of our health care delivery system. A well-trained, sufficiently sized, and diverse workforce is critical to meet the health care needs of the population. However, in this postpandemic era, many challenges persist.

Use of pattern recognition in photoacoustic imaging to identify neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex of rats undergoing conditioned fear learning.

Pattern recognition analysis in brain research has improved understanding of sensory processing and led to the identification of default brain networks in neuroimaging studies. The current study uses pattern recognition analysis to extend our previous findings showing conditioned fear learning and novelty-exposure (i.e.

Niemann-pick disease with visceral and pulmonary involvement in a resource limited setting: A rare case report.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficient lysosomal enzyme or faulty cholesterol transport. A 9-year-old male patient presented with 6 years of abdominal swelling, previously treated as tuberculosis. He exhibited hepatosplenomegaly, delayed growth, and pancytopenia.

Development of an agenda for research and action on climate change and health in the Caribbean.

This paper delineates the development of the Caribbean Research for Action Agenda which aims to empower Caribbean Small Island Developing States to reduce their vulnerabilities to the effects of climate change on health. The Caribbean Research for Action Agenda emerged from collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, and multilateral agencies that organized a conference on climate change and health in the Caribbean. This Agenda was formulated by prioritizing research areas, synthesizing evidence from conference presentations and scientific literature, and holding consultations with stakeholders and experts.

Hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Objective: To provide an overview of hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) activities in Latin America and the Caribbean, including the technologies assessed, resources utilized, evaluation methods employed, and challenges encountered.

Methods: A scoping review focused on HB-HTA using frameworks from the Joanna Briggs Institute was conducted across databases and gray literature.

Results: Seventeen studies were identified, and another two documents were retrieved manually at a conference, totaling 19 files.

Characterization of Four Diesel Fuel Surrogates by the Advanced Distillation Curve Method.

The development of surrogate fuels with measured and predicted thermophysical properties similar to their authentic refinery stream counterparts is critical for the development of alternative fuels and the optimization of engines to increase efficiency and decrease emissions. In this work, four diesel fuel surrogates, formulated according to a reliable and proven procedure, were characterized by the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the composition and enthalpy of combustion in various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the composition and enthalpy of distillate fractions provides valuable information for determining structure-property relationships and also provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex or simplified mixtures.

Wavemeter calibration by frequency comb.

Upgrades to the vacuum wavelength calibration service at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are reported. The instrumentation centerpiece is an optical frequency comb stabilized to a GPS-disciplined oscillator, thereby providing direct traceability to the SI second. Historically, the service has covered lasers at the popular interferometry wavelengths red and green.

Formation of volatile compounds in salt-mediated naturally fermented cassava.

Cassava is a starchy staple typically consumed in tropical countries; however, its high moisture content renders it susceptible to post-harvest deterioration. Fermentation has been used to improve shelf-life, functional properties, nutrient bioavailability, minimize toxic compounds, and alter aroma. In this study, the effect of added salt (5-25 %) on the pH, titratable acidity (TTA), and volatile compounds (VOCs) in cassava fermented was investigated.

A scoping review of the reporting quality of reviews of commercially and publicly available mobile health apps.

Objectives: There is no guidance to support the reporting of systematic reviews of mobile health (mhealth) apps (app reviews), so authors attempt to use/modify the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). There is a need for reporting guidance, building on PRISMA where appropriate, tailored to app reviews. The objectives were to describe the reporting quality of published mHealth app reviews, identify the need for, and develop potential candidate items for a reporting guideline.

ISG15-LFA1 interactions in latent HIV clearance: mechanistic implications in designing antiviral therapies.

Interferon types-I/II (IFN-αβ/γ) secretions are well-established antiviral host defenses. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) particles are known to prevail following targeted cellular interferon secretion. CD4 T-lymphocytes are the primary receptor targets for HIV entry, but the virus has been observed to hide (be latent) successfully in these cells through an alternate entry route via interactions with LFA1.

A Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States: PREG-MS.

Background And Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 1 million people in the United States, including reproductive-age women. There has been a paucity of prospective, pregnancy registries based on MS disease rather than medication exposures. A prospective MS pregnancy registry (PREG-MS) was established in 2017 as a prospective, single-cohort, real-world MS pregnancy registry in New England States of the United States, with goals to evaluate (1) course of MS and disease-modifying therapies (DMT) use during conception attempts and in the peripartum period, (2) pregnancy outcomes in women with MS (WwMS), and (3) longer-term developmental outcomes in offspring of WwMS.

Improved Diet Quality in Elite and Entry-Level Military Women Compared With Civilian-Matched Counterparts.

Background: Dietary intake is a modifiable factor linked to short-term and long-term health. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an objective measure to assess diet quality and population-level comparisons, like military to civilian.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize diet quality of early-career and mid-career female soldiers compared with that of age-matches and sex-matched civilians and to link indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk to dietary outcomes and health status.