Biomechanical evaluation of strength and stiffness of 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm locking plates with various screw configurations on rabbit tibias.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the strength and stiffness of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm locking plates with various screw fixation configurations applied to the tibia bones of rabbits.

Deep learning-based quick MLC sequencing for MRI-guided online adaptive radiotherapy: a feasibility study for pancreatic cancer patients.

One bottleneck of MRI-guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy (MRoART) is the time-consuming daily online replanning process. The current leaf sequencing method takes up to 10 minutes, with potential dosimetric degradation and small segment openings that increase delivery time. This work aims to replace this process with a fast deep learning-based method to provide deliverable MLC sequences almost instantaneously, potentially accelerating and enhancing online adaption.

Diffusion transformer-augmented fMRI functional connectivity for enhanced autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is often modeled as networks of Regions of Interest (ROIs) and their functional connectivity to study brain functions and mental disorders. Limited fMRI data due to high acquisition costs hampers recognition model performance. We aim to address this issue using generative diffusion models for data augmentation.

How different immersive environments affect intracortical brain computer interfaces.

Objective: As brain-computer interface (BCI) research advances, many new applications are being developed. Tasks can be performed in different virtual environments, and whether a BCI user can switch environments seamlessly will influence the ultimate utility of a clinical device. Approach: Here we investigate the importance of the immersiveness of the virtual environment used to train BCI decoders on the resulting decoder and its generalizability between environments.

Few-shot transfer learning for individualized braking intent detection on neuromorphic hardware.

This work explores use of a few-shot transfer learning method to train and implement a convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN) on a BrainChip Akida AKD1000 neuromorphic system-on-chip for developing individual-level, instead of traditionally used group-level, models using electroencephalographic data. The efficacy of the method is studied on an advanced driver assist system related task of predicting braking intention. \emph{Approach}: Data are collected from participants operating an NVIDIA JetBot on a testbed simulating urban streets for three different scenarios.

Temporal properties of transcutaneous direct current motor conduction block.

Direct current (DC) electrical block of peripheral nerve conduction shows promise for clinical applications to treat spasticity, pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. Most previous work has used invasive nerve cuffs. Here we investigate the potential of non-invasive transcutaneous direct current motor block (tDCB).

Green materials in semiconductors: perspective from the IRDS Beyond-CMOS roadmap.

Environmental, Safety, Health, and Sustainability (ESHS) have become an indispensable issue in the semiconductor industry. The "Beyond CMOS" chapter of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems(IRDS) roadmap introduces the concept of "Green materials", emphasizing their importance for maintaining sustainability in semiconductor manufacturing. We discuss the current trends of emerging architectures and devices in the perspective of "Green materials".

Hybrid combination of advanced oxidation process with membrane technology for wastewater treatment: gains and problems.

Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to advancing technologies for the removal of micropollutants from water. Achieving complete pure water with a single treatment process is challenging and nearly impossible. One promising approach among various alternatives is adopting hybrid technology, which is considered as a win-win technology.

Solitary Plasmacytoma: Single institution experience and systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.

In this study, we first analyzed data from 147 patients with solitary plasmacytomas treated at the Mayo Clinic between 2005 and 2022 and then expanded our investigation through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 62 studies, encompassing 3,487 patients from the years 1960 to 2022. Our findings reveal that patients with up to 10% clonal plasma cells in their bone marrow (BM), denoted as plasmacytoma +, had a significantly reduced median disease-free survival (DFS) of 15.7 months vs.

Impact of Vein-to-vein Time in Patients With R/R LBCL Treated With Axicabtagene Ciloleucel.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) are approved for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL). Emerging evidence indicates that delayed CAR T-cell infusion, including prolonged time from leukapheresis to infusion, known as vein-to-vein time (V2Vt), may adversely impact clinical outcomes. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis to identify differences in V2Vt in patients with R/R LBCL treated with axi-cel, tisa-cel, or liso-cel.

Serial Total Bile Acid Measurements in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy.

Although peak serum total bile acid (TBA) levels guide management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), whether ICP progresses in severity and when or how to assess bile acid levels serially remains unclear. We conducted a secondary analysis of a single-institution retrospective cohort study to assess bile acid trends across pregnancy among individuals diagnosed with ICP and to evaluate whether there was progression to higher ICP severity. We defined ICP severity as mild (peak TBA less than 40 micromol/L), moderate (peak TBA between 40 and 100 micromol/L), or severe (peak TBA 100 micromol/L or greater).

A Model of Zymogen Factor XII: Insights into Protease Activation.

In plasma, the zymogens factor XII (FXII) and prekallikrein reciprocally convert each other to the proteases FXIIa and plasma kallikrein (PKa). PKa cleaves high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) to release bradykinin, which contributes to regulation of blood vessel tone and permeability. Plasma FXII is normally in a "closed" conformation that limits activation by PKa.

Designing Health Recommender Systems to Promote Health Equity: A Socioecological Perspective.

Health recommender systems (HRS) have the capability to improve human-centered care and prevention by personalizing content, such as health interventions or health information. HRS, an emerging and developing field, can play a unique role in the digital health field as they can offer relevant recommendations, not only based on what users themselves prefer and may be receptive to, but also using data about wider spheres of influence over human behavior, including peers, families, communities, and societies. We identify and discuss how HRS could play a unique role in decreasing health inequities.

Relationship Among Macronutrients, Dietary Components, and Objective Sleep Variables Measured by Smartphone Apps: Real-World Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between macronutrient intake and sleep outcomes using daily data from mobile apps.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between macronutrients, dietary components, and sleep parameters, considering their interdependencies.

Methods: We analyzed data from 4825 users of the Pokémon Sleep and Asken smartphone apps, each used for at least 7 days to record objective sleep parameters and dietary components, respectively.

At least four groups of kratom consumers in the United States: latent-class analysis of motivations for kratom use.

Kratom is a plant with alkaloids acting at opioid, serotonergic, adrenergic, and other receptors. Consumers report numerous use motivations. To distinguish subgroups of kratom consumers by kratom-use motivations using latent-class analysis.

Human-Centered Design of an mHealth Tool for Optimizing HIV Index Testing in Wartime Ukraine: Formative Research Case Study.

Background: Assisted partner services (APSs; sometimes called index testing) are now being brought to scale as a high-yield HIV testing strategy in many nations. However, the success of APSs is often hampered by low levels of partner elicitation. The Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (CASI)-Plus study sought to develop and test a mobile health (mHealth) tool to increase the elicitation of sexual and needle-sharing partners among persons with newly diagnosed HIV.

Role of Superlattice Phonons in Charge Localization Across Quantum Dot Arrays.

Understanding charge transport in semiconductor quantum dot (QD) assemblies is important for developing the next generation of solar cells and light-harvesting devices based on QD technology. One of the key factors that governs the transport in such systems is related to the hybridization between the QDs. Recent experiments have successfully synthesized QD molecules, arrays, and assemblies by directly fusing the QDs, with enhanced hybridization leading to high carrier mobilities and coherent band-like electronic transport.

Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education From 2000 to 2024: Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. However, it lacks a comprehensive study depicting the academic performance and status of AI in the medical education domain.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the social patterns, productive contributors, knowledge structure, and clusters since the 21st century.

Geosocial Media's Early Warning Capabilities Across US County-Level Political Clusters: Observational Study.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) sparked significant health concerns worldwide, prompting policy makers and health care experts to implement nonpharmaceutical public health interventions, such as stay-at-home orders and mask mandates, to slow the spread of the virus. While these interventions proved essential in controlling transmission, they also caused substantial economic and societal costs and should therefore be used strategically, particularly when disease activity is on the rise. In this context, geosocial media posts (posts with an explicit georeference) have been shown to provide a promising tool for anticipating moments of potential health care crises.

High Areal Loading Silicon Nanoparticle-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Interfacial mechanical stability between silicon (Si) and the current collector is crucial when high areal-loading of Si is demanded as intense stress develops at the interface due to its extreme volume alteration during the lithiation-delithiation process. Therefore, we propose using a thin, rough, porous, and highly conductive carbon nanotube network (CNT-N) as a buffer layer between the Si and current collector that provides abundant anchor sites for Si nanoparticles. The strong and elastic CNT-N, which is not involved directly in the lithiation process, reduces stress at interfaces between the Si and CNT-N and the CNT-N and current collector.

Assessing the Adherence of ChatGPT Chatbots to Public Health Guidelines for Smoking Cessation: Content Analysis.

Background: Large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence chatbots using generative language can offer smoking cessation information and advice. However, little is known about the reliability of the information provided to users.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether 3 ChatGPT chatbots-the World Health Organization's Sarah, BeFreeGPT, and BasicGPT-provide reliable information on how to quit smoking.

Health Care Delivery and Financial Considerations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinics: A Survey of Clinic Directors.

Background And Objectives: Clinical care for people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PLWALS) is directed at slowing disease progression and symptom management. The American Academy of Neurology recommends a multidisciplinary approach to providing ALS health care because observational studies show that multidisciplinary clinics (MDCs) extend survival and improve quality of life. However, providing multidisciplinary care is a challenging financial proposition.

State-Level Influenza Hospitalization Burden in the United States, 2022-2023.

To develop a method leveraging hospital-based surveillance to estimate influenza-related hospitalizations by state, age, and month as a means of enhancing current US influenza burden estimation efforts. Using data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), we extrapolated monthly FluSurv-NET hospitalization rates after adjusting for testing practices and diagnostic test sensitivities to non-FluSurv-NET states. We used a Poisson zero-inflated model with an overdispersion parameter within the Bayesian hierarchical framework and accounted for uncertainty and variability between states and across time.

Landscape of Global Pediatric Oncology Publications: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Purpose: The academic field of global pediatric oncology is expanding as cancer becomes increasingly recognized as a global health priority for children and adolescents. Here, we aimed to explore the representation of authors, the geographic distribution of research, and the research approaches being used in global pediatric oncology.

Methods: Articles published in () and on the topic of global pediatric oncology were analyzed.

On-Demand Photoactivation of DNA-Based Motor Motion.

A major challenge in the field of synthetic motors relates to mimicking the precise, motion of biological motor proteins, which mediates processes such as cargo transport, cell locomotion, and cell division. To address this challenge, we developed a system to control the motion of DNA-based synthetic motors using light. DNA motors are composed of a central chassis particle modified with DNA "legs" that hybridize to RNA "fuel", and move upon enzymatic consumption of RNA.