Cardiometabolic Health Intervention Using Music and Exercise (CHIME) Delivered via Telehealth to Wheelchair Users: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Wheelchair users live predominantly sedentary lifestyles and have a substantially higher risk for cardiometabolic disease and mortality compared to people without disabilities. Exercise training has been found to be effective in improving cardiometabolic health (CMH) outcomes among people without disabilities, but research on wheelchair users is limited and of poor quality.

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the immediate and sustained effects of a 24-week, telehealth, movement-to-music cardiovascular (M2M-C) exercise program on core indicators of CMH among adult wheelchair users compared to an active control group.

Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smoking With Telephone Onboarding: Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Nondaily smoking is a widespread and increasingly prevalent pattern of use. To date, no effective treatment approach for nondaily smoking has been identified.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct an unblinded randomized controlled trial to evaluate proof-of-concept markers of the Smiling instead of Smoking (SiS) app, a smartphone app for smoking cessation, designed specifically for people who smoke less than daily, within the framework of positive psychology.

Advances in the Development of Microarray Patches in Biomedicine.

Microarray patches (MAPs) have been employed to deliver therapeutic payloads and for detection purposes. Research has been conducted to develop novel designs in material chemistry and the architecture of microarray, which have opened up the possibility for broader applications of MAPs. However, MAPs have yet to be clinically implemented fully.

Skeletal and dental tissue mineralization: The potential role of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex and the endolysosomal and autophagic transport systems.

This paper presents a review of the potential role of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex and intracellular vesicles in mediating events leading to or associated with vertebrate tissue mineralization. The possible importance of these organelles in this process is suggested by observations that calcium ions accumulate in the tubules and lacunae of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Similar levels of calcium ions (approaching millimolar) are present in vesicles derived from endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes.

Crystal structure of cytochrome P450 NysL and the structural basis for stereo- and regio- selective oxidation of antifungal macrolides.

NysL, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces noursei, catalyzes the C10 hydroxylation of 10-deoxynystain to nystatin A, a clinically important antifungal. In this study, we present the 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure of NysL bound to nystatin A.

Application of Artificial Intelligence to Analyze Data from Randomized Controlled Trials: An Example from DECAAF-II.

Background: Causal machine learning (ML) provides an efficient way of identifying heterogeneous treatment effect groups from hundreds of possible combinations, especially for randomized trial data.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential of applying causal ML on the DECAAF II trial data. We proposed a causal ML model to predict the treatment response heterogeneity.

Racial and ethnic disparities on the heart transplant waiting list.

Background: Racial disparities continue to affect countless individuals across the United States and is an ongoing issue in heart transplantation (HTx). Though inequities for post-transplant survival have been heavily studied, there remains conflicting data in waitlist outcome metrics. Our investigation aims to address this by analyzing death on, and transplantation from, the waitlist across multiple racial groups.

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Limited research exists on the association between preconception pro-inflammatory diets and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this relationship remains poorly understood.

Objective: To investigate the association between preconception dietary inflammatory potential, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous individuals.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Nulliparous Outcomes Study: Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b).

Longitudinal changes in psychological, physiological, and nutritional measures and predictors of success in Special Forces training.

The mentally and physically challenging 19-20 day, multi-stressor US Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) course selects soldiers for Army Special Forces (SF) training. If selected, candidates enroll for advanced training in the 2-year Special Forces Qualification Course (SFQC) to qualify for the SF. This longitudinal study examined physiological, psychological, and nutritional status of soldiers before (pre-SFAS) and after SFAS (post-SFAS), and post-SFQC, to identify predictors of graduation from SFQC.

Adverse Outcomes After Cemented and Cementless Primary Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty in 60,064 Matched Patients: A Study of Data From the Swedish Arthroplasty Register.

Introduction: The choice between cemented and cementless fixation in primary elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a subject of ongoing debate. However, comparisons between the two are subject to limited adjustments for patient characteristics, diagnoses, and surgical factors, as well as by limited outcome time endpoints. Our study aimed to compare the effect of femoral fixation on safety and implant survival outcomes in matched patients.

Pathogenesis of bovine H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in Macaques.

Since early 2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the United States (US) with spillover into several mammalian species. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.

Rethinking the rise of early onset gastrointestinal cancers: a call to action.

Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic rise in gastrointestinal cancers diagnosed in patients under age 50 for reasons that remain poorly understood. The most significant change has been the increase in incidence rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially rates of left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Increases in gastric, pancreatic, and other gastrointestinal cancer diagnoses have further contributed to this trend.

Heterogeneous entity representation for medicinal synergy prediction.

Motivation: Forecasting the synergistic effects of drug combinations facilitates drug discovery and development, especially regarding cancer therapeutics. While numerous computational methods have emerged, most of them fall short in fully modeling the relationships among clinical entities including drugs, cell lines, and diseases, which hampers their ability to generalize to drug combinations involving unseen drugs. These relationships are complex and multidimensional, requiring sophisticated modeling to capture nuanced interplay that can significantly influence therapeutic efficacy.

Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery.

When asked why nearly all doctors refer their breech cases to surgery, despite non-surgical breech birth being permitted throughout the United States, an obstetrician will likely cite the Term Breech Trial (TBT). This study, conducted in 2000, decisively concluded that planned cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal breech delivery. However, a review of the literature suggests that the decline of vaginal breech deliveries was a long time in the making.

Hospital Health Information Exchange Network Density and Predictors Across U.S. Hospital Referral Regions.

Objective To develop a measure of Health Information Exchange (HIE) for characterizing the density of inter-hospital HIE connections and identify regional characteristics associated with HIE network density Materials and Methods HIE network density was measured as the proportion of hospital pairs within a region that are connected through HIE. The 2022 American Hospital Association's Information Technology Supplement survey was used to calculate HIE network density for US hospital referral regions (HRRs). Bivariate tests and multivariable regression were used to characterize hospital, electronic health record (EHR) vendor, and resident characteristics associated with HIE network density.

Safety and Effectiveness of EUS-Guided Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Cirrhosis: An International Multicenter Experience.

Introduction EUS-guided gall bladder drainage (EUS-GBD) for management of symptomatic gallbladder disease has been shown to be safe and effective in high surgical risk patients with data lacking in patients with cirrhosis. We sought to study the safety and effectiveness of EUS-GBD in cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic patients. Methods Retrospective review of patients who underwent EUS-GBD at four (3 US and 1 Spain) international tertiary care centers.

The Impact of Antibiotics on Latency When Given at the Time of Membrane Rupture Prior to Viability.

Background: It is well established that antibiotics administered in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes increases latency to delivery. While data is limited for membrane rupture prior to viability, antibiotics may also increase latency in this population.

Objective: To assesses the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the duration of latency in individuals with previable prelabor rupture of membranes.

Real-world tafamidis experience in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy in Brazil.

Background:  Tafamidis is a kinetic stabilizer that binds to the transthyretin (TTR) gene, inhibiting its dissociation. It is the only disease-modifying treatment for hereditary TTR amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy (ATTRv-PN) available in the National Therapeutic Form (Formulário Terapêutico Nacional, FTN, in Portuguese) of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS, in Portuguese).

Objective:  To assess if the efficacy and safety of tafamidis in the Brazilian real-world experience are comparable to the results of clinical trials.

Global Trends and Collaborative Models in Manipulative Therapy for Low Back Pain: A Bibliometric and Academic Network Analysis.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition that significantly affects work productivity and quality of life. Despite advancements in treatment, LBP continues to pose a global health challenge, with increasing research on manipulative therapy as a non-invasive treatment option. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends in manipulative therapy for LBP.

A multi-center study of symptoms in patients with esophageal cancer postoperatively: A networking analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore symptom clusters and the inter-relationship of symptoms in esophageal cancer (EC) patients during the first week after surgery.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey across multiple centers was carried out using the EORTCQLQ-OES18. Patients with esophageal cancer within a week post-surgery were recruited from the "Be Resilient to Cancer" project in Guangdong, Hunan, and Sichuan provinces between January and September 2024.

Trends and gaps in hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 research (2020-2023): Performance and conceptual mapping.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are antimalarial drugs with well-known anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects used to treat various diseases, with few side effects. After COVID-19 emergence, numerous researches from around the world have examined the potential of using CQ or HCQ as potential treatment of COVID-19. However, conflicting outcomes have been found in COVID-19 clinical trials after treatment with CQ or HCQ.

Wastewater-based analysis of antimicrobial resistance at UK airports: Evaluating the potential opportunities and challenges.

With 40 million annual passenger flights, airports are key hubs for microbial communities from diverse geographic origins to converge, mix, and distribute. Wastewater derived from airports and aircraft represent both a potential route for the global dispersion of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms and an under-utilised resource for strengthening global AMR surveillance. This study investigates the abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater samples collected from airport terminals (n = 132), aircraft (n = 25), and a connected wastewater treatment plant (n = 11) at three international airports in the UK (London Heathrow, Edinburgh and Bristol).

Ballistic femoral neck fractures: Associated injuries and outcomes.

Background: Ballistic fractures of the femoral neck, rare injuries that overwhelmingly affect younger adults, pose significant challenges to the treating surgeon. However, there is limited literature that the treating surgeon can leverage to guide their treatment decisions. The goal of this study is to describe the demographics, associated injuries, outcomes, and complications associated with ballistic femoral neck fractures.

Power distance in the workplace and its effect on prosocial behavioral intentions.

Power distance, the extent to which individuals in an organization accept unequal distributions of power, significantly influences workplace dynamics, particularly in shaping individuals' willingness to engage in prosocial behaviors. Previous research suggests that individuals with high levels of power distance tend to exhibit more self-centered behavior, making them less inclined to act charitably. In contrast, individuals with lower levels of power distance are more likely to engage in prosocial actions.

Direct evidence of fetal responses to noxious stimulations: A systematic review of physiological and behavioral reactions.

Fetal pain is usually debated using data extrapolated from physiology and anatomy; whereas direct observation of fetal pain reactions is only marginally used. We present the first systematic review to carefully analyse this direct evidence. Our objective was to summarize the scientific literature based on the direct observation of fetal responses to noxious stimulation.