Effect of Dietary Ketosis and Nicotinamide Riboside on Hippocampal Krebs Cycle Intermediates and Mitochondrial Energetics in a DNA Repair-Deficient 3xTg/POLβ Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model.

Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative pathology-modifying mitochondrial metabolism with energy impairments where the effects of biological sex and DNA repair deficiencies are unclear. We investigated the therapeutic potential of dietary ketosis alone or with supplemental nicotinamide riboside (NR) on hippocampal intermediary metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older male and female wild-type (Wt) and 3xTgAD-DNA polymerase-β-deficient (3xTg/POLβ) (AD) mice. DNA polymerase-β is a key enzyme in DNA base excision repair (BER) of oxidative damage that may also contribute to mitochondrial DNA repair.

Disability-Related Disparities in Screening for Intimate Partner Violence During the Perinatal Period: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Persons with disabilities are at higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during the perinatal period than persons without disabilities. Although screening for IPV during the perinatal period is recommended by many organizations, little is known about screening rates for IPV by disability status.

Methods: Our objective was to compare rates of IPV screening during the perinatal period among persons with and without disabilities in the United States.

A socioecological model of neighborhood disorder, religious attendance, and sleep efficiency.

Objectives: Drawing on the socioecological model of sleep health, we formally examine the association between neighborhood disorder and sleep efficiency. While most studies focus on direct associations with neighborhood context, we also consider whether the relationship between religious attendance and sleep efficiency varies as a function of neighborhood disorder.

Design: We use ordinary least squares regression to model cross-sectional survey data.

Drugs associated with tachyphylaxis: results from a retrospective pharmacovigilance study using disproportionality analysis.

Background: Tachyphylaxis is the rapid development of drug tolerance following repeated administration.

Objectives: To evaluate the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (USFDA AERS) data for drugs significantly associated with tachyphylaxis using disproportionality analysis.

Methods: Disproportionality analysis was used for detecting safety signals for identifying drugs associated with tachyphylaxis.

Prenatal exposure to particulates and anthropometry through 9 years of age in a birth cohort.

Background: Previous research observed links between prenatal air pollution and risk of childhood obesity but the timing of the exposure is understudied.

Aim: We examined prenatal particulate matter (PM, PM) exposure and child anthropometry.

Materials & Methods: Children's body mass index z-scores (zBMI) at 0-3 (N = 4370) and 7-9 (n = 1191) years were derived from reported anthropometry at paediatric visits.

Interoception, cardiac health, and heart failure: The potential for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnosis and treatment.

"I see, I forget, I read aloud, I remember, and when I do read purposefully by writing it, I do not forget it." This phenomenon is known as "interoception" and refers to the sensing and interpretation of internal body signals, allowing the brain to communicate with various body systems. Dysfunction in interoception is associated with cardiovascular disorders.

Effectiveness of shared decision making strategies for stroke prevention among patients with atrial fibrillation: cluster randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple decision aid strategies in promoting high quality shared decision making for prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Six academic medical centers in the United States.

Computational pathology applied to clinical colorectal cancer cohorts identifies immune and endothelial cell spatial patterns predictive of outcome.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a histologically heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcome. The role the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays in determining tumour progression is complex and not fully understood. To improve our understanding, it is critical that the TME is studied systematically within clinically annotated patient cohorts with long-term follow-up.

Direct View of Gate-Tunable Miniband Dispersion in Graphene Superlattices Near the Magic Twist Angle.

Superlattices from twisted graphene mono- and bilayer systems give rise to on-demand many-body states such as Mott insulators and unconventional superconductors. These phenomena are ascribed to a combination of flat bands and strong Coulomb interactions. However, a comprehensive understanding is lacking because the low-energy band structure strongly changes when an electric field is applied to vary the electron filling.

Towards a Provider Builder Maturity Model to Empower Clinicians to Actively Participate in Electronic Health Record Design.

Background: Engagement of clinicians who understand clinical workflows and technology constraints can accelerate the development and implementation of better electronic health record (EHR) designs that improve quality and reduce burnout. Provider builder programs can accelerate clinical informatics education for a broader coalition of clinical specialties.

Objective: In this State of the Art / Best Practice paper, we aim to (1) propose a provider builder maturity model informed by the experience of three institutions using a single EHR vendor (Epic Systems©) and (2) describe the program elements and relationships necessary to advance along this model to yield organizational benefits.

Controlling Microparticle Aspect Ratio via Photolithography for Injectable Granular Hydrogel Formation and Cell Delivery.

Granular hydrogels are injectable and inherently porous biomaterials assembled through the packing of microparticles. These particles typically have a symmetric and spherical shape. However, recent studies have shown that asymmetric particles with high aspect ratios, such as fibers and rods, can significantly improve the mechanics, structure, and cell-guidance ability of granular hydrogels.

Selecting genes for analysis using historically contingent progress: from RNA changes to protein-protein interactions.

Progress in biology has generated numerous lists of genes that share some property. But advancing from these lists of genes to understanding their roles is slow and unsystematic. Here we use RNA silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans to illustrate an approach for prioritizing genes for detailed study given limited resources.

Perinatal mortality trend associated with maternal obesity in United States between 2015 - 2020.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death. Since the publication of A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE) in 2018, there was an increase in 39 weeks deliveries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in perinatal mortality by BMI category from 2015 to 2020.

Urinary Acetaminophen Metabolites and Clinical Outcomes in Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: Extremely premature infants are treated with acetaminophen (APAP) for pain and patent ductus arteriosus. High doses of APAP in adults are toxic, and a recent study found an association between APAP metabolite levels in mothers' breast milk and both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in their premature infants. In this study, we determined levels of APAP metabolites in urine of infants at high risk for BPD and ROP.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Composition of Infants with Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: To characterize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants with stroke and compare those findings to the CSF of infants with bacterial meningitis and neither condition in the first 14 postnatal days.

Study Design: Cohort study of 30,092 infants who received a lumbar puncture in the first 14 postnatal days discharged from >300 neonatal intensive care units from 1997-2020. CSF parameters were compared between infants with stroke and bacterial meningitis using non-parametric hypothesis testing and quantile regression.

Machine learning-driven risk assessment of coronary heart disease: Analysis of NHANES data from 1999 to 2018.

Objectives: The high incidence of coronary artery heart disease (CHD) poses a significant burden and challenge to public health systems globally. Effective prevention and early diagnosis of CHD have become key strategies to alleviate this burden. This study aims to explore the application of advanced machine learning techniques to enhance the accuracy of early screening and risk assessment for CHD.

Evaluating student understanding of pharmacodynamics core concepts.

Pharmacodynamics is an essential subdiscipline of pharmacology that underpins safe and effective prescribing and therapeutic decision-making, as well as drug discovery and development. The exponential increase in the number of therapeutic drugs has prompted members of the pharmacology educator community to question existing pharmacology curricula focused on individual drugs and move toward a curriculum focused on conceptual understanding. A first step towards conceptual understanding is to establish what students currently know about pharmacodynamic core concepts.

Overfeeding and overweight rapidly reprogram inflammatory signaling.

Epidemiologic studies have shown a continuous increase in mortality risk associated with overweight, thus highlighting the health risks beginning before the onset of obesity. However, early changes in inflammatory signaling induced by an obesogenic diet remain largely unknown since studies of obesity typically utilize models induced by months of continuous exposure to a high-fat diet. Here, we investigated how short-term overfeeding remodels inflammatory signaling.

Measurement of urine calcium, magnesium and phosphate: Preanalytical considerations in the elimination of the acidification step.

Background: Traditionally, urine analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (Phos) requires acidification of the sample. This study aims to assess the need for acidification and evaluate preanalytical factors that influence the accurate measurement of these analytes in urine.

Results: A total of 107 spot urine samples from patients with a median age of 9 years (95 % ≤ 21 years of age, range 5 days to 46 years) were analyzed for Ca (n = 94), Mg (n = 97), and Phos (n = 102) with and without acidification.

Validation and performance of microvue sC5b-9 plus ELISA on the Dynex DS2 platform.

Background: The complement membrane attack complex involves C5b-mediated assembly of C6-C9 polymers to form pores in cell membranes during complement activation. Inactive complexes can become soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) when they bind to Protein S. Elevated sC5b-9 levels are associated with increased risk of hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), a serious condition which can be improved with eculizumab therapy.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms and management options of these complications as well as timely recognition and action can sometimes be lifesaving. In this review we discuss the mechanisms, prevention methods, diagnosis, and management of three major PCI complications: a) perforation b) acute vessel closure, and c) equipment loss.

Individualized brain radiomics-based network tracks distinct subtypes and abnormal patterns in prodromal Parkinson's disease.

Individuals in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit significant heterogeneity and can be divided into distinct subtypes based on clinical symptoms, pathological mechanisms, and brain network patterns. However, little has been done regarding the valid subtyping of prodromal PD, which hinders the early diagnosis of PD. Therefore, we aimed to identify the subtypes of prodromal PD using the brain radiomics-based network and examine the unique patterns linked to the clinical presentations of each subtype.

On the mechanics of networked type II collagen: Experiments, constitutive modeling, and validation.

In this study we investigate the mechanics of type II collagen fibrils, an essential structural component in many load-bearing tissues including cartilage. Although type II collagen plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity, the stress-stretch and failure response of type II collagen fibrils in tension is not established in the current mechanics literature. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted tensile tests on isolated collagen networks from articular cartilage and established a validated constitutive model for type II collagen fibril.