The PSO-IFAH optimization algorithm for transient electromagnetic inversion.

As a non-contact method, the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has the characteristics of high efficiency, small impact of device, no limitation of site range, and high resolution, and is a hot topic in current research. However, the research on the refined data processing method of TEM is lag, which seriously restricts the application in superficial engineering investigation and is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and firefly algorithm (FA) were successful swarm intelligence algorithms inspired by nature.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in key subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A cohort study based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).

Background: Risk factors and comorbidities can complicate management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. We describe and compare real-world safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, utilizing data from a national quasi-exhaustive French database.

Methods: Anticoagulant-naïve adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with ≥1 gastrointestinal bleeding risk factor, initiating anticoagulant treatment January 2016-December 2019, and covered by the French national health data system were eligible.

Protect or prevent? A practicable framework for the dilemmas of COVID-19 vaccine prioritization.

Determining COVID-19 vaccination strategies presents many challenges in light of limited vaccination capacity and the heterogeneity of affected communities. Who should be prioritized for early vaccination when different groups manifest different levels of risks and contact rates? Answering such questions often becomes computationally intractable given that network size can exceed millions. We obtain a framework to compute the optimal vaccination strategy within seconds to minutes from among all strategies, including highly dynamic ones that adjust vaccine allocation as often as required, and even with modest computation resources.

Geographical patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity reflect the adaptive potential of the coral Pocillopora damicornis species complex.

Marine heatwaves are increasing in intensity and frequency however, responses and survival of reef corals vary geographically. Geographical differences in thermal tolerance may be in part a consequence of intraspecific diversity, where high-diversity localities are more likely to support heat-tolerant alleles that promote survival through thermal stress. Here, we assessed geographical patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity in the ubiquitous coral Pocillopora damicornis species complex using 428 sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region across 44 sites in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Optimizing multi label student performance prediction with GNN-TINet: A contextual multidimensional deep learning framework.

As education increasingly relies on data-driven methodologies, accurately predicting student performance is essential for implementing timely and effective interventions. The California Student Performance Dataset offers a distinctive basis for analyzing complex elements that affect educational results, such as student demographics, academic behaviours, and emotional health. This study presents the GNN-Transformer-InceptionNet (GNN-TINet) model to overcome the constraints of prior models that fail to effectively capture intricate interactions in multi-label contexts, where students may display numerous performance categories concurrently.

Skeletal age assessed by Greulich-Pyle: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal tennis players.

The assessment of biological maturation is a central topic in pediatric exercise sciences. Skeletal age (SA) reflects changes in each bone of the hand and wrist from initial ossification to the adult state. This study examined intra-observer and inter-examiner agreement is Greulich-Pyle (GP) assessments of SA in 97 male tennis players 8.

Disparities of women's authorship in Colombia: A cross-sectional analysis.

Accepted manuscripts published in medical journals play a crucial role within the scientific community. Over the past few decades, there has been a gradual increase in the number of women entering the medical field. However, women remain underrepresented as first and last authors in medical journals.

Self-acupressure for patients with breast cancer experiencing aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms: Protocol for the AcuAIM randomized pilot trial.

Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) reduce hormone receptor-positive breast cancer recurrence risk by about 50%. However, half of AI-treated postmenopausal women report new or worsened musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS), and 20% discontinue therapy prematurely. Acupuncture is effective for reducing symptoms, but many women are not able to access acupuncture therapy.

Cost-effectiveness of monitoring and liver cancer surveillance among patients with inactive chronic hepatitis B.

Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) have an increased risk for death from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the United States, only an estimated 37% of adults with chronic hepatitis B diagnosis without cirrhosis receive monitoring with at least an annual alanine transaminase (ALT) and hepatitis B deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and an estimated 59% receive antiviral treatment when they develop active hepatitis or cirrhosis. A Markov model was used to calculate the costs, health impact and cost-effectiveness of increased monitoring of adults with HBeAg negative inactive or HBeAg positive immune tolerant CHB who have no cirrhosis or significant fibrosis and are not recommended by the current American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) clinical practice guidelines to receive antiviral treatment, and to assess whether the addition of HCC surveillance would be cost-effective.

AI enabled, mobile soil pH classification with colorimetric paper sensors for sustainable agriculture.

For optimizing production yield while limiting negative environmental impact, sustainable agriculture benefits from real-time, on-the-spot chemical analysis of soil at low cost. Colorimetric paper sensors are ideal candidates, however, their automated readout and analysis in the field is needed. Using mobile technology for paper sensor readout could, in principle, enable the application of machine-learning models for transforming colorimetric data into threshold-based classes that represent chemical concentration.

A linear tessellation model for the identification of "food desert": A case study of Shanghai, China.

The "food desert" problem has been treated under a national strategy in the United States and other countries. At present, there is little research on the phenomenon of "food desert" in China. This study takes Shanghai as the research area and proposes a multiscale analysis method using a linear tessellation model that splits the street network into homogeneous linear units.

Reliability of artificial intelligence-driven markerless motion capture in gait analyses of healthy adults.

The KinaTrax markerless motion capture system, used extensively in the analysis of baseball pitching and hitting, is currently being adapted for use in clinical biomechanics. In clinical and laboratory environments, repeatability is inherent to the quality of any diagnostic tool. The KinaTrax system was assessed on within- and between-session reliability for gait kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters in healthy adults.

Critique of enhanced power claimed for Quasi-ANCOVA and Dual-Centered ANCOVA.

Two related methods, Quasi-ANCOVA and Dual-Centered ANCOVA, have recently been suggested as a way to get greater power when analyzing data from a before and after study. Both methods use group-mean centering where the groups are the treatment and comparison groups. Group-mean centering creates a generated regressor problem.

Constructs across a hierarchical, dimensional model of psychopathology show differential associations with social and general cognitive ability.

Many psychiatric disorders and associated psychopathology dimensions are related to social cognitive deficits and reduced general cognitive ability. The current study applied a hierarchical, dimensional approach to better understand associations among psychopathology, social cognition, and general cognitive ability. Data were collected from two samples (n = 653), including psychosis-spectrum patients, their first-degree relatives, and individuals from community sources.

Optimal sigmoid function models for analysis of transspinal evoked potential recruitment curves recorded from different muscles.

Recruitment input-output curves of transspinal evoked potentials that represent the net output of spinal neuronal networks during which cortical, spinal and peripheral inputs are integrated as well as motor evoked potentials and H-reflexes are used extensively in research as neurophysiological biomarkers to establish physiological or pathological motor behavior and post-treatment recovery. A comparison between different sigmoidal models to fit the transspinal evoked potentials recruitment curve and estimate the parameters of physiological importance has not been performed. This study sought to address this gap by fitting eight sigmoidal models (Boltzmann, Hill, Log-Logistic, Log-Normal, Weibull-1, Weibull-2, Gompertz, Extreme Value Function) to the transspinal evoked potentials recruitment curves of soleus and tibialis anterior recorded under four different cathodal stimulation settings.

Globalizing opposition to pro-environmental institutions: The growth of counter climate change organizations around the world, 1990 to 2018.

More than two decades of social scientific research has identified the growing network of corporations, think tanks, nonprofits, and advocacy organizations that aim to obstruct climate change action within the United States. Conventional arguments emphasize the role of economic self-interest (e.g.

Parental divorce's long shadow: Elevated stroke risk among older Americans.

Although studies have investigated the association between adverse childhood experiences and chronic health outcomes including stroke, few studies have investigated the association between parental divorce and stroke among adults with no history of childhood abuse. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between parental divorce in childhood and stroke in older adulthood among those who did not experience child abuse and to examine whether this association differs between men and women. This study utilized population-based data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Recycled Phosphorus Bioamendments from Wastewater Impact Rhizomicrobiome and Benefit Crop Growth: Sustainability Implications at Water-Food Nexus.

Phosphorus recovery through enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes from agricultural wastes holds promise in mitigating the impending global P shortage. However, the complex nutrient forms and the microbial augments, expected to exert a profound impact on crop rhizomicrobiome and thus crop health, remained unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impacts of EBPR biosolids on crops growth and rhizomicrobiome in comparison to chemical fertilizer and Vermont manure compost.

The Association of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic With Disparities in Maternal Outcomes.

Background: In the United States, Black and Hispanic patients have substantially worse maternal outcomes than non-Hispanic White patients. The goals of this study were to evaluate the association between the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and maternal outcomes, and whether Black and Hispanic patients were disproportionately affected by the pandemic compared to White patients.

Methods: Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine in the United States the association between maternal outcomes (severe maternal morbidity, mortality, failure-to-rescue, and cesarean delivery) and the weekly hospital proportion of COVID-19 patients, and the interaction between race, ethnicity, payer status, and the hospital COVID-19 burden using US national data from the Vizient Clinical Database between 2017 and 2022.

Structural Changes in Metal Chalcogenide Nanoclusters Associated with Single Heteroatom Incorporation.

Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) are promising building blocks for designing materials and interfaces with unique properties. By incorporating heteroatoms into the core, the electronic and magnetic properties of NCs can be precisely tuned. To accurately predict these properties, density functional theory (DFT) is often employed, making the rigorous benchmarking of DFT results particularly important.

Gel-Based Sample Fractionation with SP3-Purification for Top-Down Proteomics.

Precise prefractionation of proteome samples is a potent method for realizing in-depth analysis in top-down proteomics. PEPPI-MS (Passively Eluting Proteins from Polyacrylamide gels as Intact species for MS), a gel-based sample fractionation method, enables high-resolution proteome fractionation based on molecular weight by highly efficient extraction of proteins from polyacrylamide gels after SDS-PAGE separation. Thereafter it is essential to effectively remove contaminants such as CBB and SDS from the PEPPI fraction prior to mass spectrometry.

Hydrogen Tunneling and Conformational Motions in Nonadiabatic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer between Interfacial Tyrosines in Ribonucleotide Reductase.

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is essential for DNA synthesis and repair in all living organisms. The mechanism of RNR requires long-range radical transport through a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway spanning two different protein subunits. Herein, the direct PCET reaction between the interfacial tyrosine residues, Y356 and Y731, is investigated with a vibronically nonadiabatic theory that treats the transferring proton and all electrons quantum mechanically.

Comparison of Lean, Obese, and Weight Loss Models Reveals TREM2 Deficiency Attenuates Breast Cancer Growth Uniquely in Lean Mice and Alters Clonal T Cell Populations.

Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer development and poor prognosis. The adipose environment surrounding breast tumors, which is inflamed in obesity, has been implicated in tumor progression, and TREM2, a transmembrane receptor expressed on macrophages in adipose tissue and tumors, is an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms for the obesity-breast cancer association and the potential benefits of weight loss could help inform treatment strategies.