A protocol for a wait list control trial of an intervention to improve pain and depressive symptoms among middle-age and older women living with disability.

Background: Women aging with disabilities experience higher rates of chronic pain and co-occurring depressive symptoms than women without disabilities and men with and without disabilities. Pain and depression can exacerbate the inability to fulfill social roles and complete activities of daily living among women with disabilities. Although there are existing interventions for both pain and depressive symptoms, few interventions have been developed with women aging with disabilities that address both chronic pain and depressive symptoms.

Sex-Specific Effects of In Utero Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Placental Development.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants that may impact placental function, and potentially gestational age acceleration (GAA), a deviation from reported and predicted gestational age. GAA potentially represents differences in cell maturation in response to a challenging environment.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the effects of individual and mixtures of PFAS on GAA, cell composition, birth length, and birthweight.

Emerging evidence for the impact of Electric Vehicle sales on childhood asthma: Can ZEV mandates help?

Growing epidemiological studies indicate a significant fraction of asthma cases can be attributed to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates-one of the most forward-looking climate policies in the United States-aim to reduce TRAP by mandating automakers to sell a certain fraction of Electric Vehicles (EVs) annually; however, their public health benefits are largely unknown. We conduct the screening step of the health impact assessment (HIA) of real-world EV sales to estimate the impact of ZEV mandates in reducing childhood asthma.

Assessing the potential role of deer in the dissemination of Mycobacterium bovis infection to cattle in Northern Ireland.

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of animal tuberculosis, exhibits a broad host range - infecting, inducing pathology and transmitting from both bovine and wildlife hosts. Considerable effort has been extended to understanding the role wildlife may play in persistence and spread of infection. Infected cervids can spread infection to conspecifics and sympatric livestock as observed in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) population of Michigan, USA.

Telehealth occupational therapy improves psychosocial well-being but not glycemia among young adults with type 1 diabetes: The Resilient, Empowered, Active Living-Telehealth (REAL-T) randomized controlled trial.

Background: Young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus often face challenges managing their condition, leading to elevated glucose and heightened psychosocial distress. Diabetes care traditionally focuses on biomedical outcomes, with less emphasis on well-being. Occupational therapy offers a holistic approach to managing diabetes by integrating changes to daily habits and routines and psychosocial support.

Diagnostic accuracy of self-collected tongue swabs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in individuals being assessed for TB in South Africa using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay.

Objectives: Tongue swabs (TS) have shown potential for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) through downstream molecular testing. Analytical performance varies, depending on the processing protocol and the molecular test used. This study aimed to first investigate ease-of-use of TS collection in addition to acceptability by individuals being assessed for TB and second to determine the performance of self-collected TS on the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for MTBC and Rifampicin (RIF) resistance detection.

Functional assays for the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections that are attributed to reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a multi-component enzyme complex known as the phagocyte NADPH oxidase or NOX2. Presented in this review are descriptions of several assays that assess the production of ROS as well as assays that characterize the expression of specific proteins of NOX2.

A linking hypothesis for eyetracking and mousetracking in the visual world paradigm.

For a linking hypothesis in the visual world paradigm to clearly accommodate existing findings and make unambiguous predictions, it needs to be computationally implemented in a fashion that transparently draws the causal connection between the activations of internal representations and the measured output of saccades and reaching movements. Quantitatively implemented linking hypotheses provide an opportunity to not only demonstrate an existence proof of that causal connection but also to test the fidelity of the measuring methods themselves. When a system of interest is measured one way (e.

Combined Romosozumab and Raloxifene treatment targets impaired bone quality in a male murine model of diabetic kidney disease.

Comorbid diabetes and chronic kidney disease create a complex disease state with multi-faceted impacts on bone health, primarily reduced bone mass and tissue quality. To reduce fracture risk in this growing population, interventions are needed that target both bone mass and quality. Romosozumab (Romo) is an FDA-approved sclerostin inhibitor that has been shown to increase bone mass and strength in a murine model of combined diabetes and CKD (DKD), while Raloxifene (RAL) is a mild anti-resorptive used to treat osteoporosis that has also been shown to increase bone mechanical properties by increasing bone bound water content.

Is Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome Actually Caused by Cement? A Systematic Review of the Literature Using the Bradford-Hill Criteria.

Introduction: Debate surrounding the use of cemented femoral components in hip arthroplasty persists. A proposed risk of cement fixation is bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS), a phenomenon characterized by intraoperative hypotension, hypoxia, and/or cardiovascular collapse. The purpose of this study was to analyze the literature to determine if enough evidence exists to support a causal relationship between cement and BCIS.

Quantification of Escherichia coli transfer from plastic mulch to field-grown tomatoes and bell peppers.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) prohibits distribution of fruit that is dropped from the plant and contacts the ground during harvest. This includes fruit which contacts the ground while attached to the plant, called "drooping" fruit. In the Southeastern US, tomato and pepper are trellised and grown on plastic mulch.

A large hypothesis-free proteomics study investigating serum inflammatory markers as biomarkers of dry eye disease.

Purpose: To test the association between serum inflammatory markers and dry eye disease (DED) using a hypothesis-free proteomic approach in a population-based cohort.

Methods: A total of 2602 unselected community-based participants (mean age 61.5 (range 21-92 years), 94.

Focal adhesion kinase mediates microvascular leakage and endothelial barrier dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs under various surgical or disease conditions, where tissue hypoxia followed by reoxygenation results in the production of oxygen radicals and inflammatory mediators. These substances can target the endothelial barrier, leading to microvascular leakage. In this study, we induced intestinal I/R injury in mice by occluding the superior mesenteric artery, followed by removing the clamp to resume blood circulation.

D-allulose enhances lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα).

Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is attributed partly to loss of insulin-responsiveness and/or an increased pro-inflammatory state. Since the rare sugar D-allulose has insulin mimetic and anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on lipid accumulation in liver-derived cells was tested. In HepG2 cells exposed to 200 μM oleic acid for 72 h, D-allulose treatment decreased intracellular lipid accumulation with an IC = 0.

The dynamic duo: Decoding the roles of hypoxia-inducible factors in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) results in considerable mortality and neurodevelopmental disability, with a particularly high disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this injury could allow for improved diagnostic and therapeutic options. Specifically, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) likely play a key role, but that role is complex and remains understudied.

Outcome measures in rodent models for spinal cord injury and their human correlates.

Pre-clinical research is intended to inform clinical research, however, communication between these researchers is lacking. A better understanding of what can be learned from animal and human models and what cannot, is essential. This includes a better understanding of where underlying constructs in outcome measures in rodents and humans align and where they diverge to improve dialogue between human and animal researchers.

Expanding the flooding in Landsat across tidal systems model to Landsat 5-9 imagery for long-term marsh inundation analysis.

Tidal flooding can significantly impact vegetation pixel reflectance of coastal salt marshes, presenting a problem for remote sensing studies of these highly productive ecosystems. The current study aimed to spatially and temporally expand our previously developed Flooding in Landsat Across Tidal Systems (FLATS) model to detect and analyze the long-term changes in flooded marsh pixels in Landsat 5-9 imagery. As the FLATS index is only calibrated for Landsat 8, our goal was to expand the use of FLATS to a greater range of Landsat imagery and facilitate the masking of flooded pixels in long-term time series of vegetation indices.

Advances and insights into modeling extracellular electron transfer in anaerobic bioprocesses.

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in both natural and engineered anaerobic microbial systems, driving key biochemical processes such as energy generation, bioremediation, and waste degradation. While EET has been characterized in a limited number of microbes and applied in anaerobic digestion and bioelectrochemical systems, further research is needed to explore its mechanism across a broader range of microbial species and anaerobic processes. This review highlights advanced modeling frameworks that provide deeper insights into EET mechanisms and dynamics, aiming to optimize research efforts and minimize time and resource expenditure.

Biomechanical mechanisms for modulating stride frequency in walking.

Humans typically choose to walk at a self-selected stride frequency that minimizes their metabolic cost. However, when environmental constraints are present (e.g.

Effectiveness of educational interventions in United States schools to prevent opioid-related harms: A systematic review.

Issues: The opioid crisis in North America has increased concerns about adolescent problematic opioid use. Schools are crucial in prevention efforts, but the effectiveness of school-based educational programs is debated. This review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based opioid education programs in preventing opioid-related harms, and improving knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about opioids among youth.

Recreational marijuana legalization's impact and opioid death rates: A synthetic control approach.

Objectives: To develop a more robust understanding of the relationship between increased recreational marijuana access and opioid overdose deaths. Increasing opioid-related deaths in conjunction with the rising popularity of liberalized marijuana laws make additional research examining the interrelation of both a timely and insightful question.

Study Design: We use synthetic control method to assess the impact of opening recreational marijuana dispensaries via recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on opioid death rates in Colorado, Washington, and Oregon.

Deployment of portable, modular gas samplers as part of an atmospheric tracer experiment.

Underground nuclear explosions release noble gases into the atmosphere that can be detected to support international monitoring efforts. Atmospheric transport models help predict the movement of these gases over long distances, but struggle to predict the movement in the atmosphere local to the release. A field experiment was designed to monitor the movement of Xe within a 5-km radius.

Alemtuzumab and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Analysis of an international surveillance database and systematic literature review.

Objectives: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy associated with severe deficiency in ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 deficiency may be secondary to absent or dysfunctional protein production due to mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene (congenital TTP) or autoantibody-mediated clearance and/or inhibition (immune-mediated TTP). This autoimmunity may, albeit rarely, occur secondary to certain medications (eg, ticlopidine).

3D examination reveals increased destruction of alpha-actin-positive structures in advanced follicular lymphoma stages.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma in Western Europe and the United States. While the examination of two-dimensional histological slides remains the gold standard method for diagnosing FL stages, three-dimensional analysis provides additional insights, particularly regarding cellular morphology, spatial relationships and network connectivity. This investigation assessed the tumor-related morphological destruction of fibroreticular cell (FRC) networks bordering germinal centres in FL.

Trends in psychological distress during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a population-based Costa Rican cohort study.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase of psychological distress. We hypothesized that the mental health of individuals has improved since the end of the pandemic.

Study Design: 1459 population-based participants of the RESPIRA cohort study (Costa Rica) METHODS: Psychological distress was measured at 6-month intervals using the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5) during the 2-year follow-up.