RetinaRegNet: A zero-shot approach for retinal image registration.

Retinal image registration is essential for monitoring eye diseases and planning treatments, yet it remains challenging due to large deformations, minimal overlap, and varying image quality. To address these challenges, we propose RetinaRegNet, a multi-stage image registration model with zero-shot generalizability across multiple retinal imaging modalities. RetinaRegNet begins by extracting image features using a pretrained latent diffusion model.

Prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal abstinence syndrome diagnosis, and child welfare involvement.

Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), or withdrawal from prenatal opioid exposure at birth, can trigger a referral to child protective services (CPS). However, there is some evidence of selection into NAS diagnosis because NAS screening is not universal. Such referrals may protect the infant, help connect the mother to services, or cause harm.

Adolescence Does Not Divert Sex Offending Adolescents of Color from Criminal Legal System Involvement.

After the United States Civil War, during Reconstruction, Southern states targeted Black youth and men for incarceration and forced labor, often charging them with rape, spawning the Black male rapist myth. This study explores evidence of a Reconstruction-era ethos in present-day treatment of youth of color accused of sexual assault. Specifically, we examined effects of perpetrator age and race on legal outcomes in 382 alleged child sexual abuse cases.

Defining 2 Biologically and Clinically Distinct Groups in Acute Leukemia with a Mixed Phenotype.

A mixed phenotype is characteristic of de novo Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) but can also be seen in other leukemias. It poses substantial classification and management dilemmas. Herein, we report a large cohort of acute leukemia with a mixed phenotype and define Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mixed Phenotype (AML-MP) and MPAL as two distinct groups by characterizing the clinical, genetic, and transcriptomic features.

A phase 1 trial of prizloncabtagene autoleucel, a CD19/CD20 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Prizloncabtagene autoleucel (prizlon-cel), a novel bispecific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell, targets and eliminates CD19/CD20 positive tumor cells. This phase 1, open-label study investigated the safety and efficacy of prizlon-cel in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (r/r B-NHL). Patients with CD19 and/or CD20-positive r/r B-NHL received a 3-day lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/m2/d; fludarabine: 30 mg/m2/d) followed by an intravenous dose of prizlon-cel.

Common Hereditary Variants of the APOE Gene and Posttransplant Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has multiple functions in metabolism and immunoregulation. Its common germline variants APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4 give rise to three functionally distinct gene products. Previous studies reported yin-yang roles of APOE2 and APOE4 in immunological processes, but their effects in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have never been studied.

Building a Digital Health Research Platform to Enable Recruitment, Enrollment, Data Collection, and Follow-Up for a Highly Diverse Longitudinal US Cohort of 1 Million People in the All of Us Research Program: Design and Implementation Study.

Background: Longitudinal cohort studies have traditionally relied on clinic-based recruitment models, which limit cohort diversity and the generalizability of research outcomes. Digital research platforms can be used to increase participant access, improve study engagement, streamline data collection, and increase data quality; however, the efficacy and sustainability of digitally enabled studies rely heavily on the design, implementation, and management of the digital platform being used.

Objective: We sought to design and build a secure, privacy-preserving, validated, participant-centric digital health research platform (DHRP) to recruit and enroll participants, collect multimodal data, and engage participants from diverse backgrounds in the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) All of Us Research Program (AOU).

From Theory to Practice: Viewpoint on Economic Indicators for Trust in Digital Health.

User trust is pivotal for the adoption of digital health systems interventions (DHI). In response, numerous trust-building guidelines have recently emerged targeting DHIs such as artificial intelligence. The common aim of these guidelines aimed at private sector actors and government policy makers is to build trustworthy DHI.

Patient-Centered mHealth Intervention to Improve Self-Care in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Phase 1 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission in the United States. These hospitalizations are often driven by insufficient self-care. Commercial mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as consumer-grade apps and wearable devices, offer opportunities for improving HF self-care, but their efficacy remains largely underexplored.

Co-Designing a Consumer-Focused Digital Reporting Health Platform to Improve Adverse Medicine Event Reporting: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project (the ReMedi Project).

Background: Adverse medicine events (AMEs) are unintended effects that occur following administration of medicines. Up to 70% of AMEs are not reported to, and hence remain undetected by, health care professionals and only 6% of AMEs are reported to regulators. Increased reporting by consumers, health care professionals, and pharmaceutical companies to medicine regulatory authorities is needed to increase the safety of medicines.

Enormous Out-of-Plane Charge Rectification and Conductance through Two-Dimensional Monolayers.

Heterogeneous integration of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials with mature three-dimensional (3D) silicon-based semiconductor technology presents a promising approach for the future development of energy-efficient, function-rich nanoelectronic devices. In this study, we designed a mixed-dimensional junction structure in which a 2D monolayer (e.g.

Long-Term Intake of Red Meat in Relation to Dementia Risk and Cognitive Function in US Adults.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations between red meat intake and cognitive health. Our objective was to examine the association between red meat intake and multiple cognitive outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we included participants free of dementia at baseline from 2 nationwide cohort studies in the United States: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS).

Nivolumab to restore T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory multiple myeloma.

Efficacy and durability remain central shortcomings of T-cell based therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we employ blood-based transcriptional T-cell profiling to define impaired T-cell fitness as putative biomarker associated with sensitivity to PD1 inhibition in CAR-T refractory MM patients.

The Role of Torsion on the Force-Coupled Reactivity of a Fluorenyl Naphthopyran Mechanophore.

The unique reactivity of molecules under force commands an understanding of structure-mechanochemical activity relationships. While conceptual frameworks for understanding force transduction in many systems are established, systematic investigations into force-coupled molecular torsions are limited. Here, we describe a novel fluorenyl naphthopyran mechanophore for which mechanical force is uniquely coupled to the torsional motions associated with the overall chemical transformation as a result of the conformational rigidity imposed by the fluorene group.

Current developments in T-cell receptor therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia.

T-cell receptor (TCR) therapies are a promising modality for the treatment of cancers, with significant efforts being directed towards acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), a particularly challenging disease. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting single surface antigens have shown remarkable efficacy for B-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia, lymphomas and multiple myeloma. However, AML presents formidable obstacles to the effectiveness of CAR T-cells due to the widespread expression of heterogenous leukaemia immunophenotypes and surface antigen targets additionally present on normal myeloid cells.

Long-Range Charge Transport Facilitated by Electron Delocalization in MoS and Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures.

Controlling charge transport at the interfaces of nanostructures is crucial for their successful use in optoelectronic and solar energy applications. Mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have demonstrated exceptionally long-lived charge-separated states. However, the factors that control the charge transport at these interfaces remain unclear.

Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health.

Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play a key role in several physiological processes including in puberty, adult reproductive function including the menstrual cycle, as well as mediating the symptoms of menopause. Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which co-express NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Outside of their hypothalamic reproductive roles, these peptides are implicated in several physiological functions including sexual behavior and attraction, placental function, and bone health.

Laser Flash Photolysis of Carbazole in Solution: Cation Radical as a Source of Carbazolyl Radical.

In the course of 266 nm nanosecond laser flash photolysis of carbazole (CBL) in acetonitrile, we discovered a new transient absorption band centered at 360 nm that has been heretofore unreported despite numerous reports on similar topics. To put some limits on possible transients responsible for this absorption band and thus to solve the mechanism of CBL photolysis, we employed the strategy of selectively blocking the CBL active sites by various modifications in the structure. This strategy was supported by the use of the solvent effect and triplet quenching by molecular oxygen.

Clinical simulation training for first responders in pediatric emergencies with family interaction: a scoping review.

Objective: To map studies on clinical simulation training directed at first responders during pediatric emergencies, focusing on interaction with families.

Methods: A scoping review based on the guidelines of the JBI Manual for Evidence Syntheses and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist, covering eight databases and gray literature, without time or language restrictions.

Results: The ten selected studies indicated that most publications were from the United States.

National and subnational plans for primary prevention and early detection of oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a scoping review.

This scoping review maps primary prevention and early detection strategies for oral and oropharyngeal cancer across national cancer plans and noncommunicable disease plans from all World Health Organization Member States. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, bibliographic search was performed on key organization websites until March 2023. Of the 194 countries assessed three had subnational plans, resulting in 264 self-governing political entities and similar with revised plans.

Constructing tridimensional modeling and radiographic evaluation of diaphyseal fractures in a canine femur for veterinary education.

Purpose: To create tridimensional (3D) anatomical models of diaphyseal fractures in dogs (3D AMDFD) and to evaluate the models from their radiographs.

Methods: The study consisted of six stages: preparation of femur from a healthy dog cadaver; digitalization of the bone through a 3D scanner and creation of the base model; creation of a 3D AMDFD based on the image of the base model, 3D modeling carried out to reproduce five different types of diaphyseal fractures; printing the models produced on a 3D printer with a thermoplastic material; insertion of neodymium magnets in the fracture line to allow the assembly and disassembly of the parts; and radiography of 3D AMDFD in lateromedial and craniocaudal positions.

Results: The base model and 3D AMDFD had high precision in the replication of bone structures, like the bone in natura.

The modernization of medical training at Escola Paulista de Medicina and the Rockefeller Foundation, 1956-1962.

The study analyses scientific knowledge circulation between Brazil and the United States, drawing on Rockefeller Foundation's funding to Escola Paulista de Medicina to modernize medical training. The chosen initial chronological landmark is 1956, when the foundation started funding the Brazilian institution, and the final year is 1962, deadline for spending the grants. The study's sources are dossiers collected at Rockefeller Archive Center, analyzed drawing on the evidential paradigm.

Effect of increasing lipid levels on liver metabolism, intestinal morphology and production performance of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three levels of lipids in the diet on growth, metabolism, and intestinal and hepatic histopathology in discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus). Fish were stocked in quadruplicate in aquarium (50L) and were fed experimental diets containing three levels (3%, 10%, and 14%) of dietary lipids (LP). At the end of the trial, no significant differences in growth performance were observed.

Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan.

Wheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.