Subspecialties and Characteristics of Leadership Position in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Objectives: The composition of department leadership, notably the Department Chair and Program Director, plays a pivotal role in "Match" decision making and further residency training. This study aims to examine the current landscape of subspecialties and other demographic characteristics of the Department Chairs and Program Directors of orthopaedic surgery residency programs across the United States.

Methods: A list of Department Chairs and Program Directors of all 201 ACGME orthopaedic surgery residency programs was generated from the Orthopaedic Residency Information Network (ORIN) website.

Diversity Recruitment in Cardiovascular Specialties: Barriers and Opportunities in Postgraduate Training Programs.

Background: Diversity in postgraduate training programs can be increased through program-based recruitment strategies. Prospective applicants often examine website content to determine if training programs are inclusive and offer a good fit. Poor overlap between program director recruitment goals and program website content as a barrier to recruiting a diverse physician workforce has not extensively been studied.

Alteration of Lipid Metabolism in Hypoxic Cancer Cells.

Due to uncontrolled cell proliferation and disrupted vascularization, many cancer cells in solid tumors have limited oxygen supply. The hypoxic microenvironments of tumors lead to metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, contributing to therapy resistance and metastasis. To identify better targets for the effective removal of hypoxia-adaptive cancer cells, it is crucial to understand how cancer cells alter their metabolism in hypoxic conditions.

Line-Shifting Triarylmethyl Radicals for Imaging of Enzyme Activity Using Overhauser-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application to Alkaline Phosphatase.

Enzyme catalytic activities are critical biomarkers of tissue states under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the direct measurement and imaging of enzyme activity remains extremely challenging. We report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable triarylmethyl (TAM) radical substrate of alkaline phosphatase (TAM-ALPs).

Systematics of the complex, with evidence for 3 additional Afrotropical bat species.

Roughly a third of all horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae: ) are found in Africa, where a recent continent-wide genetic survey suggested the presence of both undescribed and apparently invalid species. Here, we focus on the species complex and the recent elevation of Peters, 1852, to species rank. That action created ambiguity in the taxonomy of East African members of the group-are both Martin, 1838, and sympatric in East Africa or is another, unnamed species present there? Here, we refine genetic, morphological, and behavioral characterizations of and its erstwhile synonyms with samples from the vicinity of their type localities.

Behavioral adaptation to seasonal resource scarcity by Caribou () and its role in partial migration.

Animals living in seasonal environments have adopted a wide array of tactics used to deal with seasonal resource scarcity. Many species migrate between habitats to reach areas where food resources are more plentiful as an attempt to address energetic demands through foraging. We assessed the winter behavioral adaptations of Caribou (), a large ungulate inhabiting Arctic and sub-Arctic regions known for seasonal resource scarcity.

Prolonged pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, challenges in diagnosis and treatment in a child with hyper IgM syndrome in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: a case report.

Hyper immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndromes are a collection of uncommon primary combined immunodeficiency disorders. They are characterized by recurrent bacterial infections due to low levels of IgG, IgA, and IgE, while IgM levels remain normal or high. These conditions stem from a mutation in the CD40 ligand gene or disruptions in the CD40-signaling pathway.

Open mesh repair of an iatrogenic post-nephrectomy Bochdalek hernia in an adult: a case study.

Bochdalek hernias arise from a developmental failure of the pleuroperitoneal canal to close, allowing abdominal contents to herniate into the thorax and compress the developing lung parenchyma. In rare cases, Bochdalek hernias may arise in adults and usually present with symptoms related to the hernia. Treatment consists of either open, laparoscopic, or robotic repair to close the defect.

Impact of #PCOSweightloss: A global X hashtag analysis study of weight loss narratives in the PCOS community.

Introduction: Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS.

Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Colonization in Neonates within Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) colonization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is a significant global health concern, leading to severe infections, extended hospital stays, and substantial economic burdens on health-care systems. To develop effective infection control strategies, we need to fill existing gaps in our understanding of MRSA epidemiology in neonates. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an extensive analysis of the proportion of MRSA colonizations in NICUs.

Changes in public awareness of the social determinants of health over 15 years in Wisconsin, United States.

Objective: To investigate 15-year changes in public awareness of the social determinants of health (SDoH) between 2007 and 2023.

Methods: A 2007 survey of 1172 Wisconsin, U.S.

Nutrient Profiling Models in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Considering Local Nutritional Challenges: A Systematic Review.

Micronutrient deficiencies, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutrient profiling models (NPMs), initially developed to help reduce the prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases in Western countries, could be one solution to promote nutrient-dense foods in LMICs. This study reviewed government-endorsed NPMs implemented in LMICs and assessed their key components in relation to country-specific nutritional challenges.

Low-Dose Caffeine Supplementation Is a Valuable Strategy for Increasing Time to Exhaustion, Explosive Power, and Reducing Muscle Soreness in Professional Male Kickboxers.

Background: Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid that enhances physical performance and recovery. However, its dose-dependent effects on key performance metrics in combat sports like kickboxing remain insufficiently explored.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varied doses of acute caffeine supplementation on performance indices and perceived muscle pain in kickboxing athletes.

Revolutionizing medical education: Surgery takes the lead in virtual reality research.

Objectives: Advancements in technology have spurred a transformative shift in medical education, with virtual reality (VR) emerging as a powerful tool for enhancing the learning experience. This study analyses the publications of VR in medical education, focusing on differences within different medical specialties.

Design: Using specific search terms, all studies published on VR in medical education listed in the Web of Science databases were included.

Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and to explore how intervention characteristics, such as module number and program duration, influence treatment outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching eight databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 2023. Studies involving adult CVD patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms who underwent ICBT interventions were included.

Enhanced computerized cognitive remediation therapy improved cognitive function, negative symptoms, and GDNF in male long-term inpatients with schizophrenia.

Objective: Negative and cognitive symptoms present significant challenges in patients with schizophrenia, and cognitive remediation is a promising approach to alleviate these symptoms. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) on psychiatric symptoms, cognitive deficits, and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in patients with schizophrenia.

Materials And Methods: Forty male long-term institutionalized inpatients with schizophrenia were assigned to either a CCRT group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20).

Neptunium Pyridine Dipyrrolide Complexes.

Two pyridine dipyrrolide neptunium(IV) complexes, (PDP)NpCl(THF) and Np(PDP), where (PDP) is the doubly deprotonated form of 2,6-bis(5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine, have been prepared. Characterization of the complexes has been performed through a combination of solid- and solution-state methods, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Collectively, these data confirm the formation of the mono- and bis-ligated species.

Education Does Not Equally Increase Financial Well-being for All.

Background: Financial well-being is a key domain of overall well-being, encompassing an individual's ability to meet financial obligations, secure their financial future, and maintain a sense of financial freedom. Education is often viewed as a critical pathway to enhancing financial well-being. However, the returns of education on financial well-being are not uniform across racial, ethnic, and nativity groups.

A novel ddPCR™ assay for eDNA detection and quantification of Greater Amberjack and three congeners in US waters: challenges and application to fisheries independent surveys.

Background: Four species support recreational and commercial fisheries along the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, with the Gulf of Mexico stock being overfished for over three decades.

Super Partition: fast, flexible, and interpretable large-scale data reduction in R.

Motivation: As data sets increase in size and complexity with advancing technology, flexible and interpretable data reduction methods that quantify information preservation become increasingly important.

Results: Super Partition is a large-scale approximation of the original Partition data reduction algorithm that allows the user to flexibly specify the minimum amount of information captured for each input feature. In an initial step, Genie, a fast, hierarchical clustering algorithm, forms a super-partition, thereby increasing the computational tractability by allowing Partition to be applied to the subsets.

Management of Overweight and Obesity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Increasing evidence has linked obesity to complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, data are limited on the efficacy and impact of weight management strategies on the disease course. There are a strikingly limited number of interventional studies on weight management in patients with IBD, and the recent nutrition and IBD guidelines published in the United States do not mention weight management strategies. Overweight and obesity management in patients with IBD should follow a stepwise approach to assessment and treatment, including lifestyle modification, anti-obesity medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, endobariatric procedures, and bariatric surgery (if deemed appropriate).

The impact of CD3ζ ITAM multiplicity and sequence on CAR T-cell survival and function.

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T-cells have shown great promise for the future of cancer immunotherapy with the recent clinical successes achieved in treating different hematologic cancers. Despite these early successes, several challenges remain in the field that require to be solved for the therapy to be more efficacious. One such challenge is the lack of long-term persistence of CD28 based CAR T-cells in patients.

A bibliometric study on the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: analysis of the top 100 cited articles.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncological treatment by modulating immune responses against tumors. However, their efficacy is subject to inter-patient variability and is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The human gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is increasingly implicated in modulating responses to ICIs.