Complementary Feeding and Infant Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review.

: The complementary feeding period, spanning from 6 to 24 months of age, marks the transition from an exclusive liquid diet in infants to a dietary pattern requiring the introduction of solid foods to meet nutritional demands. Complementary feeding coincides with other critical development windows, including the maturation of the gut microbiome. However, the effects of specific solid foods on gut microbiota and the subsequent influence on health outcomes require further investigation.

Advances in Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis in Wheat Allergy: Utility of Rodent Models.

Wheat is a staple and nutritious food that is consumed globally. However, it is identified as a major allergenic food because of its capacity to trigger life-threatening systemic anaphylaxis. The specific mechanisms that underlie this systemic anaphylaxis in wheat allergy are incompletely understood.

Sensory Properties and Acceptability of Fermented Pearl Millet, a Climate-Resistant and Nutritious Grain, Among Consumers in the United States-A Pilot Study.

Millets are climate-resistant, potential alternatives to wheat that could provide environmental, food security, and health benefits (e.g., lower glycemic index).

Characterization of Extruded Sorghum-Soy Blends to Develop Pre-Cooked and Nutritionally Dense Fortified Blended Foods.

Food aid commodities are essential food items in global food aid programming. Some are primarily made from an extrusion of corn and soybeans. However, there are concerns about the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) of some of these grains.

Bayesian Updating of Fatigue Crack Growth Parameters for Failure Prognosis of Miter Gates.

Navigable waterways play a vital role in the efficient transportation of millions of tons of cargo annually. Inland traffic must pass through a lock, which consists of miter gates. Failures and closures of these gates can significantly disrupt waterborne commerce.

Improving Simulation Model Accuracy for Friction Stir Welding of AA 2219.

Modeling of friction stir welding (FSW) is challenging, as there are large gradients in both strain rate and temperature (typically between 450 and 500 °C in aluminum alloys) that must be accounted for in the constitutive law of the material being joined. Constitutive laws are most often calibrated using flow stresses from hot compression or hot torsion testing, where strain rates are much lower than those seen in the stir zone of the FSW process. As such, the current work employed a recently developed method to measure flow stresses at high strain rates and temperatures in AA 2219-T67, and these data were used in the development of a finite element (FE) simulation of FSW.

The Effect of Leisure-Time Exercise on Mental Health Among Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Adequate levels of leisure-time exercise (LTE) are associated with mental health benefits. Despite increased research in recent years through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic literature review summarizing these findings is lacking. Here, we examined publication trends, impact, and research gaps regarding LTE's effects on mental health in the form of a bibliometric analysis.

The Coexistence of Hypertension and Arthritis Was Not Associated with Pain Severity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States.

: Current evidence suggests that both arthritis and hypertension (HTN) can contribute to an increase in pain severity, potentially owing to shared pathophysiological pathways. However, the extent to which these conditions jointly affect pain severity has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the coexistence of HTN and arthritis and their impact on pain severity among community-dwelling older adults.

Evidence-Based Lessons from Policy Implementation Research in Two Countries Achieving Progress on Global Breastfeeding Targets: Recommendations from the Philippines and Viet Nam.

: There is extensive evidence that breastfeeding saves lives, improves health, and provides value to the economy and societies worldwide. The Philippines and Viet Nam have progressive policies to enable breastfeeding, and breastfeeding rates in these countries have substantively improved. In the Philippines, exclusive breastfeeding under six months (EBF) increased from 35.

The Clinical Nurse Specialist as the Manager of the Family Medicine Clinic: A Hybrid Solution Between Four Major Commonwealth Realms.

There exist several interconnected issues that hinder the development of family medicine in Commonwealth realms such as the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. These issues affect both the medical and nursing professions. Family physicians, in most countries including the United Kingdom, are not considered "specialists" and are called "general practitioners" instead.

A SEIPS-Based Analysis to Understand Safety Culture During Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Maternal mortality occurs at alarming rates in the United States. In 2018, there were 17 maternal deaths for every 100,000 births-double that of other high-income countries, including France and Canada. Postpartum hemorrhage (i.

Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Analysis Combining Bibliometrics, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and HJ-Biplot.

Patients with psoriasis often experience psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety. These comorbidities can lead to poorer adherence to treatment regimens, reduced effectiveness of therapies, and a heightened disease burden. This study aims to explore the scientific output related to psoriasis, depression, and anxiety using a comprehensive analysis combining bibliometric statistical methods.

Heterogeneity of the Immunological and Pathogenic Profiles in Patients Hospitalize Early Versus Late During an Acute Vital Illness as Shown in Native SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The immune system's response to an invading pathogen is the critical determinant in recovery from illness. Here, we hypothesize that the immune response will swiftly follow classical activation and a resolution trajectory in patients with the rapid evolution of symptoms if challenged by a viral pathogen for the first time. Alternatively, a dysregulated response will be signified by a protracted clinical trajectory.

HOXA1 Contributes to Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cycle Progression by Regulating p21/CDKN1A.

Airway basal cells proliferate and regenerate airway epithelium after injury. The first step during airway epithelial repair is airway basal cell proliferation to close the wound. Previously, we demonstrated that expression is reduced in airway stem cells isolated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

MELK as a Mediator of Stemness and Metastasis in Aggressive Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the poorest prognosis and lacks actionable molecular targets for treatment. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is highly expressed in TNBC and has been implicated in poor clinical outcomes, though its mechanistic role in the aggressive biology of TNBC is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a role of MELK in TNBC progression and metastasis.

Role of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure.

The effect of the gut microbiota extends beyond their habitant place from the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs, including the cardiovascular system. Research interest in the relationship between the heart and the gut microbiota has recently been emerging. The gut microbiota secretes metabolites, including Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), indole propionic acid (IPA), hydrogen sulfide (HS), and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln).

Determining Sex-Specific Gene Expression Differences in Human Chorion Trophoblast Cells.

Differences in male (M) and female (F) neonates' premature birth outcomes and placental trophoblast inflammation have been observed but are unknown to occur within the fetal membrane trophoblast layer (chorion trophoblasts [CTC]). This study examined whether sex-based differences in gene expression and inflammatory marker expression can be observed in CTCs under control or infectious inflammatory conditions modeling preterm birth. CTCs from six different patient-derived fetal membrane samples (3M/3F) were cultured and divided into experimental (Lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and control groups for 6, 12, or 24 h.

Detection of Live Shiga Toxin-Producing with Long-Read Sequencing.

A requirement of any foodborne pathogen testing method is that it only detects live bacteria. Ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA) are dyes that penetrate the membranes of dead cells and form cross-linkages in the DNA, which prevents its amplification in PCR. This study investigated whether treatment with EMA or PMA would inhibit the sequencing of DNA from dead .

Reduced Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Infants with the Premutation.

The fragile X premutation (FXpm) is caused by a CGG repeat expansion on the gene. In adults, FXpm is linked with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and impairment is associated with CGG repeat length. Given scant infancy research, we examined ANS functioning, via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and interbeat interval (IBI), in 82 FXpm and neurotypical infants and their associations with CGG repeats.

A Review of FDA-Approved Multi-Target Angiogenesis Drugs for Brain Tumor Therapy.

Neovascularization is an important process in brain tumor development, invasion and metastasis. Several research studies have indicated that the VEGF signaling target has potential for reducing angiogenesis in brain tumors. However, targeting VEGF signaling has not met the expected efficacy, despite initial enthusiasm.

Acid Sphingomyelinase Regulates AdipoRon-Induced Differentiation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells via TFEB Activation.

AdipoRon is a selective adiponectin receptor agonist that inhibits vascular remodeling by promoting the differentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Our recent studies have demonstrated that activation of TFEB and its downstream autophagy-lysosomal signaling contribute to adipoRon-induced differentiation of SMCs. The present study was designed to examine whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM; gene symbol ) is involved in mediating adipoRon-induced activation of TFEB-autophagy signaling and inhibition of proliferation/migration in arterial SMCs.

Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction of Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a pathogen responsible for inducing leaf mosaic or necrosis symptoms, significantly compromises soybean seed yield and quality. According to the classification system in the United States, SMV is categorized into seven distinct strains (G1 to G7). In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in GAPIT3 using four analytical models (MLM, MLMM, FarmCPU, and BLINK) on 218 soybean accessions.

Impact of Estrogen on Purinergic Signaling in Microvascular Disease.

Microvascular ischemia, especially in the heart and kidneys, is associated with inflammation and metabolic perturbation, resulting in cellular dysfunction and end-organ failure. Heightened production of adenosine from extracellular nucleotides released in response to inflammation results in protective effects, inclusive of adaptations to hypoxia, endothelial cell nitric oxide release with the regulation of vascular tone, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Purinergic signaling is modulated by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39, which is the dominant factor dictating vascular metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine throughout the cardiovascular tissues.

Development of a Dihydrofolate Reductase Selection System for .

, the only commercially available probiotic yeast, has gained attention as a recombinant live biotherapeutic product (rLBP) empowered with the expression of heterologous therapeutic proteins for treating gastrointestinal diseases. However, the genetic modification of intended for clinical use is hindered by regulatory and technical challenges. In this study, we developed a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-based selection system as an innovative alternative to traditional auxotrophic selection strategies for engineering .

Defined Diets Link Iron and α-Linolenic Acid to Cyp1b1 Regulation of Neonatal Liver Development Through Srebp Forms and LncRNA H19.

substantially affects hepatic vascular and stellate cells (HSC) with linkage to liver fibrosis. Despite minimal hepatocyte expression, deletion substantially impacts liver gene expression at birth and weaning. The appreciable expression in surrounding embryo mesenchyme, during early organogenesis, provides a likely source for .