Antifouling Immunomodulatory Copolymer Architectures That Inhibit the Fibrosis of Implants.

Immune reactions to medical implants often lead to encapsulation by fibrotic tissue and impaired device function. This process is thought to initiate by protein adsorption, which enables immune cells to attach and mount an inflammatory response. Previously, several antifibrotic materials have been either designed to reduce protein adsorption or discovered via high-throughput screens (HTS) to favorably regulate inflammation.

Unbiased Drug Target Prediction Reveals Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Inducers, HDAC and RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma Subtypes.

Background: The utilization of PD1 and CTLA4 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of malignant melanoma (MM). However, resistance to targeted and immune-checkpoint-based therapies still poses a significant problem.

Objective: Here, we mine large-scale MM proteogenomic data to identify druggable targets and forecast treatment efficacy and resistance.

Integrating Hydrogels and Biomedical Plastics via In Situ Physical Entanglements and Covalent Bonding.

Both rigid plastics and soft hydrogels find ample applications in engineering and medicine but bear their own disadvantages that limit their broader applications. Bonding these mechanically dissimilar materials may resolve these limitations, preserve their advantages, and offer new opportunities as biointerfaces. Here, a robust adhesion strategy is proposed to integrate highly entangled tough hydrogels and diverse plastics with high interfacial adhesion energy and strength.

Patterns of initial treatment and subsequent care escalation among medicare beneficiaries with neck pain: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To compare long-term care escalation encounters among three care patterns for new episodes of neck pain among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: We examined Medicare claims spanning a four-year period for beneficiaries with new episodes of neck pain beginning in 2019. All patients were continuously enrolled under Medicare parts A, B, and D and aged 65-99 years.

Global research on nanomaterials for liver cancer from 2004 to 2023: a bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers. An increasing number of studies indicate that nanomaterials play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. However, despite the extensive and diverse research on nanomaterials and liver cancer, bibliometric studies in this field have not yet been reported.

A robust evaluation of TDP-43, poly GP, cellular pathology and behavior in an AAV-C9ORF72 (GC) mouse model.

The GC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the major genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Despite considerable efforts, the development of mouse models of C9-ALS/FTD useful for therapeutic development has proven challenging due to the intricate interplay of genetic and molecular factors underlying this neurodegenerative disorder, in addition to species differences. This study presents a robust investigation of the cellular pathophysiology and behavioral outcomes in a previously described AAV mouse model of C9-ALS expressing 66 GC hexanucleotide repeats.

Hidden space use behaviors of a nonbreeding migratory bird: the role of environment and social context.

Background: Movement behavior strongly mediates species and environment interactions, yet our understanding is constrained by challenges tracking space use at fine spatiotemporal resolutions.

Methods: Using an automated telemetry array, we quantified variation in and drivers of space use for a nonbreeding population of migratory bird, the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla.

Results: We identified two distinct and common behaviors - territoriality and floating,- that were governed primarily by NDVI as a proxy of resource availability.

Systematic review: Mechanisms of photoactive nanocarriers for imaging and therapy including controlled drug delivery.

Background: The design of smart, photoactivated nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) has garnered significant research interest due in part to the ability of light to precisely control drug release in specific cells or tissues with high spatial and temporal resolution. The development of effective light-triggered DDS involves mechanisms including photocleavage, photoisomerization, photopolymerization, photosensitization, photothermal phenomena, and photorearrangement, which permit response to ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and/or Near Infrared (NIR) light. This review explores recent advancements in light-responsive small molecules, polymers, and nanocarriers, detailing their underlying mechanisms and utility for drug delivery and/or imaging.

Improved efficacy of therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine using intramuscular injection with electroporation compared to conventional needle and needle-free jet injector methods.

Background: We have previously developed a candidate therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine (pBI-11) encoding mycobacteria heat shock protein 70 linked to HPV16/18 E6/E7 proteins for the control of advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (NCT05799144). While naked DNA vaccines are readily produced, stable, and well tolerated, their potency is limited by the delivery efficiency. Here we compared three different IM delivery strategies, including intramuscular (IM) injection, either with a needle alone or with electroporation at the injection site, and a needle-free injection system (NFIS), for their ability to elicit gene expression and to improve the potency of pBI-11 DNA vaccine.

Terpene mixtures and metabolic syndrome in the US general population: exploring the mediating role of insulin resistance.

Background: Terpenes have been shown to have an effect on metabolic status. However, it is unclear how they are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and whether insulin resistance (IR) mechanisms are involved.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014).

Salmonellosis outbreak associated with the consumption of food at a wedding in an urban restaurant in Kazakhstan: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: From June 13-16, 2022, a regional epidemiological department in Kazakhstan reported an increase in acute gastroenteritis cases among people who consumed food from a wedding at a restaurant. An investigation was initiated to determine factors associated with acute intestinal infection and prevent further illness.

Methods: The investigation team conducted a retrospective cohort study among people who consumed event food.

Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Trapezoidal and Arc-Shaped Membranes Mimicking the Organ of Corti.

In a previous study [H. Shintaku et al., Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 158 (2010): 183-192], an artificially developed auditory sensor device showed a frequency selectivity in the range from 6.

Selective Synthesis of -Michael Acceptors via Hydroalkylation of Conjugated Alkynes.

Hydroalkylation of terminal alkynes is a powerful approach to the synthesis of disubstituted alkenes. However, its application is largely unexplored in the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, which are common among synthetic intermediates and biologically active molecules. The thermodynamically less stable -isomers of activated alkenes have been particularly challenging to access because of their propensity for isomerization and the paucity of reliable -selective hydroalkylation methods.

Design and Validation of a Multimodal Diffuse Reflectance and Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy System for In Vivo Applications.

We report on the development of a multimodal spectroscopy system, combining diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). A fiber optic probe was designed with spatially offset source-detector fibers to collect subsurface measurements for each modality, as well as ball lens-coupled fibers for superficial measurements. The system acquires DRS, zero-offset Raman spectroscopy (RS) and SORS with good signal-to-noise ratio.

Development of the SPEAR Model: Separate Phases of Encoding and Retrieval Are Necessary for Storing Multiple Overlapping Associative Memories.

In keeping with the historical focus of this special issue of Hippocampus, this paper reviews the history of my development of the SPEAR model. The SPEAR model proposes that separate phases of encoding and retrieval (SPEAR) allow effective storage of multiple overlapping associative memories in the hippocampal formation and other cortical structures. The separate phases for encoding and retrieval are proposed to occur within different phases of theta rhythm with a cycle time on the order of 125 ms.

12-Spin-Qubit Arrays Fabricated on a 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Line.

Intel's efforts to build a practical quantum computer are focused on developing a scalable spin-qubit platform leveraging industrial high-volume semiconductor manufacturing expertise and 300 mm fabrication infrastructure. Here, we provide an overview of the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a new customized quantum test chip, which contains 12-quantum-dot spin-qubit linear arrays, code named Tunnel Falls. These devices are fabricated using immersion and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV), along with other standard high-volume manufacturing (HVM) processes as well as production-level process control.

Romantic Relationships Matter More to Men than to Women.

Women are often viewed as more romantic than men, and romantic relationships are assumed to be more central to the lives of women than to those of men. Despite the prevalence of these beliefs, some recent research paints a different picture. Using principles and insights based on the interdisciplinary literature on mixed-gender relationships, we advance a set of four propositions relevant to differences between men and women and their romantic relationships.

Terahertz Radiation Driven Nonlinear Transport Phenomena in Two-Dimensional Tellurene.

Nonlinear electron transport induced by polarized terahertz radiation is studied in two-dimensional tellurene at room temperature. A direct current, quadratic in the radiation's electric field, is observed. Contributions sensitive to radiation helicity and polarization orientation as well as polarization independent current are found.

Architecting Ultra-Robust Zr(IV) Metal-Organic Framework for Energy-Efficient Desiccant Air Conditioning.

Air-conditioning systems, composed mainly of humidity control and heat reallocation units, play a pivotal role in upholding superior air quality and human well-being across diverse environments ranging from international space stations and pharmacies to granaries and cultural relic preservation sites, and to commercial and residential buildings. The adoption of sorbent water as the working pair and low-grade renewable or waste heat in adsorption-driven air-conditioning presents a state-of-the-art solution, notably for its energy efficiency and eco-friendliness vis-à-vis conventional electricity-driven vapor compression cycles. Here, we introduce a rational π-extension strategy to engineer an ultrarobust and highly porous zirconium metal-organic framework (Zr-MOF).

Effect of improving food security on parenting practices and caregiver-adolescent relationships: qualitative findings of an income-generating agricultural intervention in rural Kenya.

Background: Despite the recognised links between food insecurity and parenting, few studies have evaluated the perceived impacts of livelihood or food security interventions on parental practices, intra-household functioning, adolescent behaviour and psychosocial outcomes in HIV-affected households in sub-Saharan Africa.

Aims: The study aimed to understand the perceived effects of food security on parenting practices and how this was experienced by both adolescent girls (aged 13-19 years) and their caregivers in rural Kenya.

Method: We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 62 caregiver-adolescent dyads who were participants in the adolescent (NCT03741634), a sub-study of adolescent girls and caregivers with a household member participating in the agricultural and finance intervention trial (NCT01548599).

Towards an Understanding of the Dentate Gyrus Hilus.

For many years, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) was a mystery because anatomical data suggested a bewildering array of cells without clear organization. Moreover, some of the anatomical information led to more questions than answers. For example, it had been identified that one of the major cell types in the hilus, the mossy cell, innervates granule cells (GCs).

Neurohistopathological findings of the brain parenchyma after long-term deep brain stimulation: Case series and systematic literature review.

Introduction: Efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is established for several movement and psychiatric disorders. However, the mechanism of action and local tissue changes are incompletely described. We describe neurohistopathological findings of 9 patients who underwent DBS for parkinsonism and performed a systematic literature review on postmortem pathologic reports post-DBS.

Socio-economic disparities in the psychosocial and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and young people in Australia.

Aims: While COVID-19 no longer presents a global health emergency, the indirect (non-infection) impacts of the pandemic may exacerbate health inequalities in years to come. We examined the socio-economic distribution of the impacts of the pandemic on the psychosocial and economic well-being of children, young people and their families.

Methods: The CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) was conducted in seven existing longitudinal cohorts, together involving n = 3072 participants aged 0-19 years.