What Are the Trends in Women's Representation Among Principal Investigators of US Clinical Trials in the Field of Genetics?

Introduction: Despite progress in the representation of women in the medical profession, substantial gender disparities persist in leadership roles, particularly in clinical trials. Clinical trials are crucial to evidence-based medicine, offering visibility, career advancement, and future funding opportunities for principal investigators (PIs). However, women remain underrepresented in these roles, especially in genetics.

Medical mistrust and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and behavior: Findings from a population-based cohort study in Michigan.

Background: Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines has stalled in the U.S. Some studies suggest that medical mistrust may be a barrier, but evidence is limited due to cross-sectional designs or convenience sampling.

Impact of National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines Inclusion of Level 1 Evidence on Insurance Denial for Randomized Controlled Trial Patients with Metastatic Spine Disease.

Background: The primary treatment of metastatic spine disease is radiation therapy (RT), traditionally conventional external beam RT (EBRT) or stereotactic body RT (SBRT). Until recently, there had been no Level 1 evidence supporting SBRT over EBRT, which has led to difficulties obtaining insurance approval. Publication of the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing SBRT to EBRT for spine metastases [Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG)] helped change this.

Tracing prostate cancer - the evolution of PET-CT applications.

Background: The study aimed to overview radiopharmaceuticals used for the nuclear medicine (NM) imaging of prostate cancer (Pca) since the first mentions in the literature up to recent reports, with the special focus on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) radiotracers.

Materials And Methods: We found over 3500 articles discussing the role of PET-CT in Pca patients' management published within 1990-2023. We summarized the past and present interests of the Authors when the Pca diagnostic imaging and the use of radiotracers in Pca diagnosis are considered.

A comprehensive overview of tolerogenic vaccine adjuvants and their modes of action.

Tolerogenic vaccines represent a therapeutic approach to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance to disease-relevant antigens. As general immunosuppression comes with significant side effects, including heightened risk of infections and reduced anti-tumor immunity, antigen-specific tolerance by vaccination would be game changing in the treatment of immunological conditions such as autoimmunity, anti-drug antibody responses, transplantation rejection, and hypersensitivity. Tolerogenic vaccines induce antigen-specific tolerance by promoting tolerogenic antigen presenting cells, regulatory T cells, and regulatory B cells, or by suppressing or depleting antigen-specific pathogenic T and B cells.

Evaluation of link between COVID-19 adjacent spike in hydroxychloroquine use and increased reports of pemphigus: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Importance: Identifying environmental factors that contribute to disease onset/activity in PV stands to improve clinical outcomes and patient quality of life by strategies aimed at reducing specific disease promoting exposures and promoting personalized clinical management strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the association between hydroxychloroquine use and the development of pemphigus using population level, publicly available, FDA-generated data.

Design: Observational, retrospective, case-control, pharmacovigilance analysis.

Targeting CEA in metastatic triple negative breast cancer with image-guided radiation followed by Fab-mediated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Introduction: Although CAR-T cell therapy has limited efficacy against solid tumors, it has been hypothesized that prior treatment with Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) would increase CAR-T cell tumor infiltration, leading to improved antigen specific expansion of CAR-T cells.

Methods: To test this hypothesis in a metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, we engineered two anti-CEA single-chain Fab (scFab) CAR-T cells with signaling domains from CD28zeta and 4-1BBzeta, and tested them and .

Results: The anti-CEA scFab CAR-T cells generated from three different human donors demonstrated robust expression, expansion, and lysis of only CEA-positive TNBC cells, with the CD28z-CAR-T cells showing the highest cytotoxicity.

Research progress on digestive disorders following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent disease that poses a significant threat to global public health. Digestive dysfunction, as a common complication, is of particular importance to understand its pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and relevant treatment strategies. TBI can affect digestive function through inflammatory immune responses, the enteric nervous system, and hormonal levels.

The association between cardiovascular health and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms: findings from NHANES.

Objective: To investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) within the U.S. population.

A Retrospective Chart Analysis Comparing Breast Cancer Detection Rates Between Annual Versus Biennial Mammograms.

Background: Per American Cancer Society, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related mortality in women in the United States. Different organizations vary in their recommendations regarding frequency of mammograms, with the United State Preventive Service Taskforce recommending biennial screening and other organizations like American College of Radiology promoting annual screening. The purpose of this study was to analyze institutional data to compare breast cancer detection rates among women undergoing annual vs.

Integration of pharmacogenetic data in epic genomic module drives clinical decision support alerts.

Introduction: The Precision Medicine Program (PMP) at the University of Florida (UF) focuses on advancing pharmacogenomics (PGx) to improve patient care.

Methods: The UF PMP, in collaboration with the UF Health Pathology Laboratory (UFHPL), utilized Health Level Seven (HL7) standards to integrate PGx data into Epic's Genomic Module to enhance the management and utilization of PGx data in clinical practice.

Results: A key feature of the Genomic Module is the introduction of genomic indicators-innovative tools that flag actionable genetic information directly within the electronic health record (EHR).

United States Pooled Cohort Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There is significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop risk scores for total CVD and its components from a contemporary pooled, observational cohort of U.S.

The Relationship Between Quantitative Ischemia, Early Revascularization, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Observational data have suggested that patients with moderate to severe ischemia benefit from revascularization. However, this was not confirmed in a large, randomized trial.

Objectives: Using a contemporary, multicenter registry, the authors evaluated differences in the association between quantitative ischemia, revascularization, and outcomes across important subgroups.

The Colorado Heart Failure Acuity Risk Model: A Mortality Model for Waitlisted Cardiac Transplant Patients.

Background: Currently, there is no mathematical model used nationally to determine the medical urgency of patients on the heart transplant waitlist in the United States. While the current organ distribution system accounts for many patient factors, a truly objective model is needed to more reliably stratify patients by their medical acuity.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop risk scores (Colorado Heart failure Acuity Risk Model [CHARM] score) to predict mortality in adults waitlisted for heart transplant.

Inter-city movement pattern of notifiable infectious diseases in China: a social network analysis.

Background: Co-existence of efficient transportation networks and geographic imbalance of medical resources greatly facilitated inter-city migration of patients of infectious diseases in China.

Methods: To characterize the migration patterns of major notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) during 2016-2020 in China, we collected migratory cases, who had illness onset in one city but were diagnosed and reported in another, from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System, and conducted a nationwide network analysis of migratory cases of major NIDs at the city (prefecture) level.

Findings: In total, 2,674,892 migratory cases of NIDs were reported in China during 2016-2020.

Effects of bilingual language exposure on toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.

Research analyzing the effects of bilingual language exposure on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in frequency. Utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition, the current study analyzed the effects of bilingual language exposure and age on language development, cognitive development, and social emotional development in toddlers with ASD. Older children demonstrated higher language scores than younger children.

Multidimensional relationships between sensory perception and cognitive aging.

A growing literature suggests that declines in sensory/perceptual systems predate cognitive declines in aging, and furthermore, they are highly predictive for developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's related dementias (ADRD). While vision, hearing, olfaction, and vestibular function have each been shown to be related to ADRD, their causal relations to cognitive declines, how they interact with each other remains to be clarified. Currently, there is substantial debate whether sensory/perceptual systems that fail early in disease progression are causal in their contributions to cognitive load and/or social isolation or are simply coincident declines due to aging.

Mapping the current trends and hotspots of extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research over the past decade, largely due to their potential in diagnostics and therapeutics. Although the investigation of EVs in AD is a relatively recent endeavor, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of this rapidly growing field has yet to be conducted.

Methods: This study aims to elucidate and synthesize the relationship between EVs and AD, offering critical insights to guide future research and expand therapeutic possibilities.

Reconceptualizing rurality: Exploring community capital to identify distinct rural classes in the United States.

Background: In population health research, rurality is often defined using broad population density measures, which fail to capture the diverse and complex characteristics of rural areas. While researchers have developed more nuanced approaches to study neighborhood and area effects on health in urban settings, similar methods are rarely applied to rural environments. To address this gap, we aimed to explore dimensions of contextual heterogeneity across rural settings in the US.

Intracranial hemorrhage and additional anomalies detected on prenatal magnetic resonance imaging: A large, retrospective study in two tertiary medical institutions.

Objectives: To clarify the prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of fetal intracranial haemorrhages (ICHs) in a large cohort and correlate them with birth outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MR images of fetuses with ICH on screening ultrasound (US) on picture archiving communication system (PACS) servers within a nearly ten-year period from two medical tertiary centres. The indications, main abnormal findings and coexistent anomalies were recorded by two experienced radiologists with census readings.

Determination of residual alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides as their corresponding alkyl chlorides in drug substances by headspace GC-FID.

Primary and secondary alkyl iodides and primary alkyl bromides were quickly and conveniently converted into their corresponding alkyl chlorides via S2 halide-halide substitution. The resultant alkyl chlorides simultaneously demonstrated increased volatility and stability paired with standard headspace GC-FID methodology. The derivatization was performed on both standard and sample alike and occurred during the headspace oven equilibration phase, eliminating the extra reaction step traditionally performed during many derivatization analyses.

Thermotolerance screening of genotypes using seed germination assay.

Temperature is a fundamental factor influencing the processes of seed germination. Investigating the response of carinata to thermal stress and establishing a dependable and efficient method for screening thermotolerance will enhance breeding programs and model applications. We assessed the response of 12 carinata genotypes to a range of eight temperatures, spanning from 8 to 37 °C, throughout the germination process.

Antimicrobial-resistant genes in feces from otters () within the Peñas Blancas river basin, Costa Rica.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to human health, yet its implications for wildlife remain a subject of ongoing research. River otters inhabiting the Peñas Blancas River face exposure to various anthropogenic activities in their habitat, potentially leading to the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) with unknown consequences for their health. This study aimed to identify specific ARGs in otter feces from this river basin, employing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), DNA sequencing of ARGs, and phylogenetic analysis techniques.

The resilience of ethical assets against different uncertainty shocks.

The focus of this research is to examine the safe-haven properties of seven ethical and conventional asset classes using two sophisticated techniques: quantile coherence and Wavelet coherence. We analyze data ranging from October 3, 2011, to September 30, 2021, that encapsulates several global risk events. The results exhibit either positive or neutral associations between most assets and the Geopolitical Risk (GPR), indicating their safe haven capabilities against the GPR shocks.