A Unified Approach to Health Data Exchange: A Report From the US DHHS.

Importance: Health information technology, such as electronic health records (EHRs), has been widely adopted, yet accessing and exchanging data in the fragmented US health care system remains challenging. To unlock the potential of EHR data to improve patient health, public health, and health care, it is essential to streamline the exchange of health data. As leaders across the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), we describe how DHHS has implemented fundamental building blocks to achieve this vision.

Visualization of porcine and human aqueous humor outflow tract anatomies with transparency enhancement.

Purpose: There is no established method for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the aqueous humor outflow tract. This study attempted to visualize the 3D structures of porcine and human ocular tissues, particularly the aqueous humor outflow tract using a transparency reagent composed of 2, 2-thiodiethanol.

Study Design: Clinical and experimental.

Low Utility of Routine Thyroid Function Testing for Bowel Symptoms: A Population-Based Assessment.

Background: Chronic constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence (FI) are prevalent with significant impact on quality of life and healthcare utilization. Thyroid dysfunction was recognized as a potential contributor to bowel disturbances in selected populations, but the strength/consistency of this association remain unclear.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and bowel health measures (constipation, diarrhea, and FI) in a nationally representative sample of the U.

Backbone assignment of the N-terminal domain of the A subunit of the Bacillus cereus GerI germinant receptor.

The nutrient germinant receptors (GRs) in spores of Bacillus species consist of a cluster of three proteins- designated A, B, and C subunits- that play a critical role in initiating the germination of dormant spores in response to specific nutrient molecules. The Bacillus cereus GerI GR is essential for inosine-induced germination; however, the roles of the individual subunits and the mechanism by which germinant binding activates GR function remain unclear. In this study, we report the backbone chemical shift assignments of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the A subunit of GerI (GerIA).

Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) in Older Adults.

There are several pharmacologic agents that have been touted as guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it is important to recognize that older adults with HFpEF also contend with an increased risk for adverse effects from medications due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications, as well as the concurrence of geriatric conditions such as polypharmacy and frailty. With this review, we discuss the underlying evidence for the benefits of various treatments in HFpEF and incorporate key considerations for older adults, a subpopulation that may be at higher risk for adverse drug events.

Teaching Spirituality in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis.

The study of spirituality in nursing education has become an emerging academic field, making it important to understand its evolution using bibliometric indicators. To achieve this, a search was conducted on July 8, 2024, using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Titles and abstracts were screened in Rayyan, and data analysis was performed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny in the R language.

Predicting fall parameters from infant skull fractures using machine learning.

When infants are admitted to the hospital with skull fractures, providers must distinguish between cases of accidental and abusive head trauma. Limited information about the incident is available in such cases, and witness statements are not always reliable. In this study, we introduce a novel, data-driven approach to predict fall parameters that lead to skull fractures in infants in order to aid in determinations of abusive head trauma.

Substrate stiffness dictates unique doxorubicin-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and transcriptomic signatures in human pulmonary fibroblasts.

Cells are subjected to dynamic mechanical environments which impart forces and induce cellular responses. In age-related conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, there is both an increase in tissue stiffness and an accumulation of senescent cells. While senescent cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the impact of physical stimuli on both cellular senescence and the SASP is not well understood.

Comparison of the amyloid plaque proteome in Down syndrome, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to APP overexpression, exhibiting Amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau pathology similar to early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). We evaluated the Aβ plaque proteome of DS, EOAD, and LOAD using unbiased localized proteomics on post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues from four cohorts (n = 20/group): DS (59.8 ± 4.

PRMT5 Inhibition Reduces Hyperinflammation in a Murine Model of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but aggressive and potentially lethal hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by pathologic immune activation and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines leading to tissue damage and multisystem organ failure. There is an urgent need for the discovery of novel targets and development of therapeutic strategies to treat this rare but deadly syndrome. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) mediates T cell-based inflammatory responses, making it a potential actionable target for the treatment of HLH.

High-Q Emission from Colloidal Quantum Dots Embedded in Polymer Quasi-BIC Metasurfaces.

Metasurfaces supporting narrowband resonances are of significant interest in photonics for molecular sensing, quantum light source engineering, and nonlinear photonics. However, many device architectures rely on large refractive index dielectric materials and lengthy fabrication processes. In this work, we demonstrate quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) using a polymer metasurface exhibiting experimental quality factors of 305 at visible wavelengths.

A 2024 Update on US FDA Implementation of Partial Area Under the Curve Into Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Assessments.

Comparisons of maximum drug concentration (C) and total area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) may be inadequate for bioavailability (BA)/bioequivalence (BE) assessments in cases where the shape of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a drug impacts the clinical performance. In such cases, partial area under the concentration vs.

Nanoscale Viscometry Reveals an Inherent Mucus Defect in Cystic Fibrosis.

The abnormally viscous and thick mucus is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). How the mutated CF gene causes abnormal mucus remains an unanswered question of paramount interest. Mucus is produced by the hydration of gel-forming mucin macromolecules that are stored in intracellular granules prior to release.

Ultrafast Dissociation Dynamics of the Sensitive Explosive Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate.

Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) is a nitrate ester explosive widely used in military ordnance and missile systems. This study investigates the decomposition dynamics of the EGDN cation using a comprehensive approach that combines femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry (FTRMS) experiments with electronic structure and molecular dynamics computations. We identify three distinct dissociation time scales for the metastable EGDN cation of approximately 40-60 fs, 340-450 fs, and >2 ps.

Neuronal Plasma Membranes as Supramolecular Assemblies for Biological Memory.

Biological memory is the ability to develop, retain, and retrieve information over time. Currently, it is widely accepted that memories are stored in synapses (i.e.

Unveiling of Hydrogen Spillover Mechanisms on Tungsten Oxide Surfaces.

Hydrogen spillover is an important process in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, facilitating H activation and modulating surface chemistry of reducible oxide catalysts. This study focuses on the unveiling of platinum-induced hydrogen spillover on monoclinic tungsten trioxide (γ-WO), employing ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modeling to investigate the dynamic evolution of surface states at varied temperatures. At room temperature, hydrogen spillover results in the formation of W and hydrogen intermediates (hydroxyl species and adsorbed water), facilitated by Pt metal clusters.

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-NOS in Children and Adolescents: a Review from the Children's Oncology Group NHL Committee.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a rare mature T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) seen in both children and adults. While it is the most common non-anaplastic mature T-cell lymphoma of childhood, it is quite rare and therefore, the standard of care remains largely undefined. It is a disease characterized by clinical and pathological heterogeneity and is generally associated with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis in adults.

Characterization of the Phenotypic Consequences of the Duffy-Null Genotype.

A wealth of research focused on African American populations has connected rs2814778-CC ("Duffy-null") to decreased neutrophil (neutropenia) and leukocyte counts (leukopenia). While it has been proposed that this variant is benign, prior studies have shown that the misinterpretation of Duffy-null associated neutropenia and leukopenia can lead to unnecessary bone marrow biopsies, inequities in cytotoxic and chemotherapeutic treatment courses, under-enrollment in clinical trials, and other disparities. To investigate the phenotypic correlates of Duffy-null status, we conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) across more than 1,400 clinical conditions in All of Us, the Vanderbilt University Medical Center's Biobank, and the Million Veteran Program.

Generative Model for Constructing Reaction Path from Initial to Final States.

Mapping the chemical reaction pathways and their corresponding activation barriers is a significant challenge in molecular simulation. Given the inherent complexities of 3D atomic geometries, even generating an initial guess of these paths can be difficult for humans. This paper presents an innovative approach that utilizes neural networks to generate initial guesses for reaction pathways based on the initial state and learning from a database of low-energy transition paths.

Association of social determinants of health with first antiseizure medication prescription for patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess whether social determinants of health (SDOHs) are associated with the first antiseizure medication (ASM) prescribed for newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed, and the protocol registered (CRD42023448998). Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched up to July 31, 2023.

Lineage-dependence of the neuroblastoma surfaceome defines tumor cell state-dependent and independent immunotherapeutic targets.

Background: Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous disease with adrenergic (ADRN)- and therapy resistant mesenchymal (MES)-like cells driven by distinct transcription factor networks. Here, we investigate the expression of immunotherapeutic targets in each neuroblastoma subtype and propose pan-neuroblastoma and cell state specific targetable cell-surface proteins.

Methods: We characterized cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and patient samples as ADRN-dominant or MES-dominant to define subtype-specific and pan-neuroblastoma gene sets.

Central Involvement in Pure Autonomic Failure: Insights from Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging and F-Fluorodopa-Positron Emission Tomography.

Background: Central synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), involve alpha-synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC). Pure autonomic failure (PAF), a peripheral synucleinopathy, often precedes central synucleinopathies.

Objectives: To assess early brain involvement in PAF using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) and fluorodopa-positron emission tomography (FDOPA-PET), and to determine whether PAF patients with a high likelihood ratio (LR) for conversion to a central synucleinopathy exhibit reduced NM-MRI contrast in the LC and SN compared with controls and low-LR patients.

Quantitative Pupillometry Predicts Neurologic Deterioration in Patients with Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke.

Objective: This study assesses whether longitudinal quantitative pupillometry predicts neurological deterioration after large middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke and determines how early changes are detectable.

Methods: This prospective, single-center observational cohort study included patients with large MCA stroke admitted to Boston Medical Center's intensive care unit (2019-2024). Associations between time-to-neurologic deterioration and quantitative pupillometry, including Neurological Pupil Index (NPi), were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates adjusted for age, sex, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score.

Sub-Microliter H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Vivo High-Spatial Resolution Metabolite Quantification in the Mouse Brain.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive, repeatable, and reproducible method for in vivo metabolite profiling of the brain and other tissues. However, metabolite fingerprinting by MRS requires high signal-to-noise ratios for accurate metabolite quantification, which has traditionally been limited to large volumes of interest, compromising spatial fidelity. In this study, we introduce a new optimized pipeline that combines LASER MRS acquisition at 11.