Effect of Oxygen Saturation Targets on Neurologic Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the PILOT Trial.

Background: More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience a cardiac arrest each year. After resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest is uncertain.

Quantification of variegated ommatidia with high-resolution image analysis and machine learning.

A longstanding challenge in biology is accurately analyzing images acquired using microscopy. Recently, machine learning (ML) approaches have facilitated detailed quantification of images that were refractile to traditional computation methods. Here, we detail a method for measuring pigments in the complex-mosaic adult eye using high-resolution photographs and the pixel classifier [1].

Pancreatic Cancer: The Advanced Practitioner's Role in Early Diagnosis and Management.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the United States. Currently, it is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and it is estimated that by 2030, it will be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths behind lung cancer. It has poor overall survival rates, even with aggressive treatment.

A Cellular Automaton Simulation for Predicting Phase Evolution in Solid-State Reactions.

New computational tools for solid-state synthesis recipe design are needed in order to accelerate the experimental realization of novel functional materials proposed by high-throughput materials discovery workflows. This work contributes a cellular automaton simulation framework for predicting the time-dependent evolution of intermediate and product phases during solid-state reactions as a function of precursor choice and amount, reaction atmosphere, and heating profile. The simulation captures the effects of reactant particle spatial distribution, particle melting, and reaction atmosphere.

Evaluating Material Design Principles for Calcium-Ion Mobility in Intercalation Cathodes.

Multivalent-ion batteries offer an alternative to Li-based technologies, with the potential for greater sustainability, improved safety, and higher energy density, primarily due to their rechargeable system featuring a passivating metal anode. Although a system based on the Ca/Ca couple is particularly attractive given the low electrochemical plating potential of Ca, the remaining challenge for a viable rechargeable Ca battery is to identify Ca cathodes with fast ion transport. In this work, a high-throughput computational pipeline is adapted to (1) discover novel Ca cathodes in a largely unexplored space of "empty intercalation hosts" and (2) develop material design rules for Ca-ion mobility.

Corrigendum: Cipaglucosidase alfa plus miglustat: linking mechanism of action to clinical outcomes in late-onset Pompe disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Medial and lateral vestibulospinal projections to the cervical spinal cord of the squirrel monkey.

Introduction: The brainstem vestibular nuclei neurons receive synaptic inputs from inner ear acceleration-sensing hair cells, cerebellar output neurons, and ascending signals from spinal proprioceptive-related neurons. The lateral (LVST) and medial (MVST) vestibulospinal (VS) tracts convey their coded signals to the spinal circuits to rapidly counter externally imposed perturbations to facilitate stability and provide a framework for self-generated head movements.

Methods: The present study describes the morphological characteristics of intraaxonally recorded and labeled VS neurons monosynaptically connected to the 8th nerve.

Racial-Ethnic Stratification in Work-Family Arrangements among Black, Hispanic, and White Couples.

Objective: This article builds on work-family scholarship to document racial-ethnic variation in couples' work-family arrangements, i.e., how couples respond to their work and family demands.

Green space is associated with new-onset stroke among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Background And Aims: The relationship between green space and new-onset stroke is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between green space and stroke risk among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Data were taken from participants aged ≥45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Examining psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy: a comparative study between the US and Israel.

It is important to identify psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy, including among people not from the United States (U.S.).

Relationship between alcohol use and overactive bladder disease: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES 2005-2016.

Background: Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a prevalent urological condition which has a substantial impact on the life quality of affected individuals, resulting in restrictions in daily activities and work productivity. Alcohol is a diuretic, which means that it increases urine production and can potentially worsen urinary urgency and frequency. Several studies have investigated the association between alcohol consumption and OAB symptoms, but the results have been conflicting.

Case report: FGF4L1 retrogene insertion is lacking in the tall dachshund phenotype.

Two retrogene insertions, FGF4L1 (formerly 18-FGF4, colloquially CDPA) and FGF4L2 (formerly 12-FGF4, colloquially CDDY), have recently been discovered as determinants of short leg phenotype in dogs. This case study is comprised of a family of standard wirehaired dachshunds in which the dogs lacking the FGF4L1 gene exhibit a tall phenotype. The tall phenotype in the dachshunds of this report precludes the dog's working function of den work.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and detection in wild, captive, and domesticated animals in Nebraska: 2021-2023.

Widespread surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted across wildlife, captive animals in zoological collections, and domestic cats in Nebraska from 2021 to 2023. The goal of this effort was to determine the prevalence, phylogenetic and spatial distribution characteristics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants using various diagnostic methodologies that can utilize both antemortem and postmortem samples, which may be required for wildlife such as white-tailed deer. Statewide surveillance testing revealed high variation in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among species, with white-tailed deer identified as the primary reservoir.

Effect of chest compressions in addition to extracorporeal life support on carotid flow in an experimental model of refractory cardiac arrest in pigs.

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) provides organ perfusion in refractory cardiac arrest but during the initiation of ECLS mean arterial pressure (MAP) and carotid flow may be suboptimal due to hypotension and/or insufficient flow. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in addition to ECLS may increase carotid flow and MAP compared to ECLS alone.

Methods: Observational pilot study comparing hemodynamic parameters before and after CPR cessation in pigs supported by ECLS for experimental refractory cardiac arrest.

Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: analysis of craniofacial manifestations.

Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC) is an ultra-rare disorder caused by constitutive activation of parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R). We sought to characterize the craniofacial phenotype of patients with the disease. Six patients with genetically confirmed JMC underwent comprehensive craniofacial phenotyping revealing a distinct facial appearance that prompted a cephalometric analysis demonstrating a pattern of mandibular retrognathia.

Friends and foes: symbiotic and algicidal bacterial influence on blooms.

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of the toxigenic dinoflagellate (KB) are pivotal in structuring the ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), decimating coastal ecology, local economies, and human health. Bacterial communities associated with toxigenic phytoplankton species play an important role in influencing toxin production in the laboratory, supplying essential factors to phytoplankton and even killing blooming species. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of these mechanisms during HAB events is limited, especially for KB blooms.

Arsenic modifies the microbial community assembly of soil-root habitats in .

, renowned for its ability to hyperaccumulate arsenic, presents a promising solution to the escalating issue of global soil arsenic contamination. This fern cultivates a unique underground microbial community to enhance its environmental adaptability. However, our understanding of the assembly process and the long-term ecological impacts of this community remains limited, hindering the development of effective soil remediation strategies.

Unlocking biological complexity: the role of machine learning in integrative multi-omics.

The increasing complexity of biological systems demands advanced analytical approaches to decode the underlying mechanisms of health and disease. Integrative multi-omics approaches use multi-layered datasets such as genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data to understand biological processes much more comprehensively compared to the single-omics analysis and to provide a comprehensive view of cellular and molecular processes. However, these integrative approaches have their own computational and analytical challenges due to the large volume and nature of multi-omics data.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and Epstein-Barr virus infection in children aged 6-19 years in the United States: from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2010.

Objective: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpes virus associated with multiple diseases. Oxidative stress is closely related to EBV infection, latency, reactivation, and transformation. Antioxidant diet protects against EBV infection.

Case report: Atypical young case of MV1 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusually long survival.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from an accumulation of misfolded prion proteins (PrP). CJD affects 1-2 new individuals per million each year, and the sporadic type accounts for 90% of those cases. Though the median age at onset and disease duration vary depending on the subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD), the disease typically affects middle-aged to elderly individuals with a median survival of 4-6 months.

mHealth-based exercise vs. traditional exercise on pain, functional disability, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy of mHealth-based exercise interventions with traditional exercise in improving pain intensity, functional disability, and quality of life in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from their inception to 23 August 2024 were searched in Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Web of Science. Reviewer pairs independently extracted data and evaluated bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.