Phase Change-Mediated Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Air with a Molecular Triamine Network Solid.

The efficient removal of CO from exhaust streams and even directly from air is necessary to forestall climate change, lending urgency to the search for new materials that can rapidly capture CO at high capacity. The recent discovery that diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks can exhibit cooperative CO uptake via the formation of ammonium carbamate chains begs the question of whether simple organic polyamine molecules could be designed to achieve a similar switch-like behavior with even higher separation capacities. Here, we present a solid molecular triamine, 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene (TriH), that rapidly captures large quantities of CO upon exposure to humid air to form the porous, crystalline, ammonium carbamate network solid TriH(CO)·HO (TriHCO).

High-performance magnesium organic batteries using renewable biomolecule-based cathode.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) exhibit significant potential in large-scale energy storage due to their features of high volumetric capacity, resistance to dendrite formation, and abundant magnesium resources. However, the high polarity of divalent Mg2+ ions results in sluggish diffusion kinetics in conventional inorganic cathode materials, adversely affecting reversible capacity and rate performance. Organic materials such as pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetrone (PTO) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), achieve rapid and reversible intercalation of magnesium ions through carbonyl enolization, but these materials are challenged by high cost, complex preparation, and poor environmental friendliness.

Literature review of occurrence, effectiveness, safety, and hospitalization burden of blood transfusion in the management of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Introduction: Cases of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) often present with life-threatening levels of hemoglobin requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusion support.

Aim: This literature review assessed the occurrence, safety, effectiveness, and hospitalization burden of RBC transfusions in the management of patients with wAIHA.

Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE) were searched from inception to December 2021 along with additional searches conducted up to March 2024.

Astracondensatol D: A 6/6/5/6 Cycloartane Triterpenoid from .

Astracondensatol D (), a pentacyclic triterpenoid featuring an uncommon 6/6/5/6-fused ring system, along with its precursor astracondensatol E (), and two simplified 20(27)-octanorcycloastragenol derivatives ( and ) were isolated from for the first time. Classical NMR spectroscopic data, integrated with NMR and DP4+ calculations, unambiguously determined their absolute stereostructures. X-ray crystallography provided independent confirmation of the structure of compound .

UnifiedGreatMod: A New Holistic Modelling Paradigm for Studying Biological Systems on a Complete and Harmonious Scale.

Motivation: Computational models are crucial for addressing critical questions about systems evolution and deciphering system connections. The pivotal feature of making this concept recognisable from the biological and clinical community is the possibility of quickly inspecting the whole system, bearing in mind the different granularity levels of its components. This holistic view of system behaviour expands the evolution study by identifying the heterogeneous behaviours applicable, for example, to the cancer evolution study.

Influenza 5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers broad immunity and significantly enhances the efficacy of inactivated split vaccination when coadministered.

Current influenza vaccines are not effective in conferring protection against antigenic variants and pandemics. To improve cross-protection of influenza vaccination, we developed a 5xM2e messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine encoding the tandem repeat conserved ectodomain (M2e) of ion channel protein M2 derived from human, swine, and avian influenza A viruses. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated 5xM2e mRNA vaccine was immunogenic, eliciting high levels of M2e-specific IgG antibodies, IFN-γ+ T cells, T follicular helper cells, germinal center phenotypic B cells, and plasma cells.

Early expansion of TIGIT+PD1+ effector memory CD4 T cells via agonistic effect of alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes.

The CD2-depleting drug alefacept (LFA3-Ig) preserved beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The most promising biomarkers of response were late expansion of exhausted CD8 T cells and rare baseline inflammatory islet-reactive CD4 T cells, neither of which can be used to measure responses to drug in the weeks after treatment. Thus, we investigated whether early changes in T cell immunophenotypes could serve as biomarkers of drug activity.

Impact of obesity on the CCR6-CCL20 axis in epidermal γδ T cells and IL-17A production in murine wound healing and psoriasis.

Obesity is associated with comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, chronic nonhealing wounds, and psoriasis. Normally, skin homeostasis and repair is regulated through the production of cytokines and growth factors derived from skin-resident cells including epidermal γδ T cells. However, epidermal γδ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and defective growth factor and cytokine production during obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Lipin-1 restrains macrophage lipid synthesis to promote inflammation resolution.

Macrophages are critical to maintaining and restoring tissue homeostasis during inflammation. The lipid metabolic state of macrophages influences their function and polarization, which is crucial to the resolution of inflammation. The contribution of lipid synthesis to proinflammatory macrophage responses is well understood.

PVR exposure influences the activation, adhesion, and protein expression of human CD8+ T cells, including the CD96-mediated transfer of PVR.

Poliovirus receptor (PVR) ligands have gained attention as immunotherapy targets, yet their regulation remains unclear. Here, we examine the impact of PVR exposure on primary human CD8+ T cells. We used flow cytometry and Western blot analysis to quantify expression of PVR and its ligands in naïve and effector T cells and used adhesion assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the impact of PVR on T cell adhesion and cytokine production.

Memory-like NK cell differentiation, inhibitory NKG2A blockade, and improved recognition via antibody or CAR engineering combine to enhance NK cell attack against multiple myeloma.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising approach for cellular cancer immunotherapy and are being investigated to treat patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We found that MM patient blood NK cell frequencies were normal with increased activating receptors and cytotoxic granules, without evidence of functional exhaustion. Despite this activated state, MM target cells were resistant to conventional NK cells by unclear mechanisms.

Immune suppression sustained allograft acceptance requires PD1 inhibition of CD8+ T cells.

Organ transplant recipients require continual immune-suppressive therapies to sustain allograft acceptance. Although medication nonadherence is a major cause of rejection, the mechanisms responsible for graft loss in this clinically relevant context among individuals with preceding graft acceptance remain uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that skin allograft acceptance in mice maintained with clinically relevant immune-suppressive therapies, tacrolimus and mycophenolate, sensitizes hypofunctional PD1hi graft-specific CD8+ T cells.

Aggregatin is a mitochondrial regulator of MAVS activation to drive innate immunity.

Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is a key adapter protein required for inducing type I interferons (IFN-Is) and other antiviral effector molecules. The formation of MAVS aggregates on mitochondria is essential for its activation; however, the regulatory mitochondrial factor that mediates the aggregation process is unknown. Our recent work has identified the protein Aggregatin as a critical seeding factor for β-amyloid peptide aggregation.

Innateness transcriptome gradients characterize mouse T lymphocyte populations.

A fundamental dichotomy in lymphocytes separates adaptive T and B lymphocytes, with clonally expressed antigen receptors, from innate lymphocytes, which carry out more rapid responses. Some T cell populations, however, are intermediates between these 2 poles, with the capacity to respond rapidly through T cell receptor activation or by cytokine stimulation. Here, using publicly available datasets, we constructed linear mixed models that not only define a gradient of innate gene expression in common for mouse innate-like T cells, but also are applicable to other mouse T lymphoid populations.

Maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol inhibits the development of offspring food allergy, H1R signaling and ultimately anaphylaxis early in life.

Food allergy has had a rapid rise in prevalence, and thus it is important to identify approaches to limit the development of food allergy early in life. Because maternal dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol (α-T), an isoform of vitamin E, during pregnancy and nursing increases neonate plasma levels of α-T and can limit neonate development of other allergies, we hypothesized that α-T can limit development of food allergy. To assess this, male mice with mutations in their skin barrier genes (FT-/- mice) were mated with wild-type females that received a diet supplemented with α-tocopherol or a control diet.

Gene-modified NK cells expressing CD64 and preloaded with HIV-specific BNAbs target autologous HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells by ADCC.

Natural killer (NK) cells can efficiently mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of antibody coated target cells via the low-affinity Fc-receptor, CD16, but cannot retain antibodies over time. To increase antibody retention and facilitate targeted ADCC, we genetically modified human NK cells with the high-affinity Fc receptor, CD64, so that we could preload them with HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) and enhance their capacity to target HIV-infected cells via ADCC. Purified NK cells from the peripheral blood of control donors or persons living with HIV were activated with interleukin (IL)-2/IL-15/IL-21 cytokines and transduced with a lentivirus encoding CD64.

Burn injury-induced G-CSF secretion reduces spic+ erythroblastic island macrophages in the bone marrow and impairs medullary erythropoiesis.

The erythroblastic island (EBI) functions as a niche in which erythroblastic island macrophages (EBIMφs) are positioned within rings of erythroblasts, providing support and signals that orchestrate efficient erythropoiesis. We postulated burn injury impacts the EBI niche, given the nearly universal presence of anemia and inflammation in burn patients, and a divergent myeloid transcriptional signature that we observed in murine bone marrow following burn injury, in which granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion broadly attenuated the expression of EBIMφ marker genes. Notably, we identified the heme-induced transcription factor Spi-C as a robust marker of EBIMφs in Spicigfp/igfp mice.

Pilot Study of Metabolomic Biomarkers Associated with Outcomes in Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy.

Lung cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, impacting both men and women in the United States and beyond. Radiation therapy (RT) serves as a key treatment modality for various lung malignancies. Our study aims to systematically assess the prognosis and influence of RT on metabolic reprogramming in patients diagnosed with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through longitudinal metabolic profiling.

A statistical framework for analysis of trial-level temporal dynamics in fiber photometry experiments.

Fiber photometry has become a popular technique to measure neural activity in vivo, but common analysis strategies can reduce the detection of effects because they condense signals into summary measures, and discard trial-level information by averaging . We propose a novel photometry statistical framework based on functional linear mixed modeling, which enables hypothesis testing of variable effects at , and uses trial-level signals without averaging. This makes it possible to compare the timing and magnitude of signals across conditions while accounting for between-animal differences.

Associations of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and health disparities in the All of Us cohort.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the association of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and disparities.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort consists of 60 180 participants from the 4 largest self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups in the All of Us Research Program participant body: Asian (1291), Black (4726), Hispanic (5336), and White (48 827). A perceived discrimination index (PDI) was derived from participant responses to the "Social Determinants of Health" survey, and the All of Us Researcher Workbench was used to analyze associations and mediation effects of PDI and SIRE with 1755 diseases.

EZH2 coordinates memory B-cell programming and recall responses.

Antigen-experienced memory B-cells (MBC) are endowed with enhanced functional properties compared to naïve B cells and play an important role in the humoral response. However, the epigenetic enzymes and programs that govern their rapid differentiation are incompletely understood. Here, the role of the histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase EZH2 in the formation of MBC in response to an influenza infection was determined in Mus musculus.

MyD88 determines T cell fate through BCAP-PI3K signaling.

The life cycle of effector T cells is determined by signals downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) that induce activation and proinflammatory activity, or death as part of the process to resolve inflammation. We recently reported that T cell myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) tunes down TCR activation and limits T cell survival in the cardiac and tumor inflammatory environments, in contrast to its proinflammatory role in myeloid cells upon toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown.

Myeloid-derived IL-33 drives γδ T cell-dependent resistance against cutaneous infection by Strongyloides ratti.

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a pleiotropic cytokine released from diverse cell types that regulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during pathogen infection. However, it remains unclear whether IL-33 controls key aspects of cutaneous immunity against skin-penetrating parasites. In this study, mice percutaneously infected with the parasitic helminth Strongyloides ratti were investigated to understand mechanisms of anamnestic immunity at the skin barrier.

CD3+ T-cell: CD14+ monocyte complexes are dynamic and increased with HIV and glucose intolerance.

Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems in individuals who develop these conditions remain poorly defined. Doublets, or cell-cell complexes, are routinely eliminated from flow cytometric and other immune phenotyping analyses, which limits our understanding of their relationship to disease states.