Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition in the antiobesity effect of J2H-1702 on adipocytes and a high-fat diet-induced NASH model.

Obesity due to excessive body fat accumulation remains a global problem. Patients with obesity have high cortisol levels, and its dysregulation is caused by increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) levels. The effects and mechanism of J2H-1702, an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were explored.

Multi-domain Online Therapeutic Investigation of Neurocognition (MOTION) - A randomized comparative-effectiveness study of two remotely delivered mind-body interventions for older adults with cognitive decline.

Background: Research suggest that mind-body movement programs have beneficial effects on cognitive outcomes for older adults with cognitive decline. However, few studies have directly compared specific approaches to mind-body movement or studied the impact of remote program delivery.

Methods: In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) for older adults with cognitive impairment, we are comparing a multidomain mind-body program that emphasizes movement, body awareness, personal meaningfulness, and social connection, and a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise (Tai Chi) to a health and wellness education control condition.

Adaptive behaviour during epidemics: a social risk appraisal approach to modelling dynamics.

The interaction of infectious diseases and behavioural responses to them has been the subject of widespread study. However, limited attention has been given to how broader social context shapes behavioural response. In this work, we propose a novel framework which combines two well-studied dynamic processes into a 'social risk appraisal' mechanism.

Stepwise order in protein complex assembly: approaches and emerging themes.

Protein-based nanomachines drive every cellular process. An explosion of high-resolution structures of multiprotein complexes has improved our understanding of what these machines look like and how they work, but we still know relatively little about how they assemble in living cells. For example, it has only recently been appreciated that many complexes assemble co-translationally, with at least one subunit still undergoing active translation while already interacting with other subunits.

Structural and Dynamic Heterogeneity of Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Choline Chloride and Ortho-Phenol Derivatives.

Structural, thermal, and dynamic properties of four deep eutectic solvents comprising choline chloride paired with phenolic derivative hydrogen-bond donors were probed using experiments and molecular simulations. The hydrogen-bond donors include phenol, catechol, -chlorophenol, and o-cresol, in a 3:1 mixture with the hydrogen-bond acceptor choline chloride. Density, viscosity, and pulsed-field gradient NMR diffusivity measurements were conducted over a range of temperatures.

Global trends and current research in post-traumatic osteoarthritis: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2010 to 2024.

Background: To investigate global trends and current research on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) from 2010 to 2024 using bibliometric and visualization techniques.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Web of Science Core Collection. The study examined publication trends, author contributions, institutional collaborations, keyword co-occurrence, and citation patterns, employing CiteSpace software to analyze key metrics such as publication frequency, centrality, and clustering.

Research status, hotspots, and implications of seasonal affective disorder: A bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

The objective was to determine the research status and hotspots of seasonal affective disorders (SAD) based on bibliometric tools, which will contribute to the further research in this field. We used bibliometric tools CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct visual quantitative analysis on 465 SAD literatures in the Web of Science core database from 2008 to 2023 from multiple perspectives such as collaboration network, keywords, and literature citations. At the same time, we used Microsoft Word to make relevant tables.

Cp40-mediated complement C3 inhibition dampens inflammasome activation and inflammatory mediators storm induced by Bitis arietans venom.

The complement system plays a crucial role in various pathophysiological conditions, including snake envenomation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bitis arietans venom on the complement system using an ex vivo human whole blood model. Our findings demonstrate that B.

Functional characterization of MMAR_1296 in Mycobacterium marinum and its potential as a vaccine candidate.

The Pro-Glu/Pro-Pro-Glu (PE/PPE) family proteins in mycobacteria plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and immune evasion. These proteins characterized by unique structures with conserved sequences. This study elucidated the specific immunological functions of MMAR_1296 from marine mycobacterium.

Association of age and performance status with adverse events in older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving frontline R-CHOP therapy: Alliance 151930, a secondary analysis of the phase III trial CALGB 50303.

Introduction: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy is the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, detailed delineation of toxicity data is limited and has not been examined by age. We sought to examine adverse event data in patients receiving R-CHOP from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 50303 trial to determine if there were differences in grade 3+ toxicities by age cohort or ECOG performance status (PS), and if outcome was impacted by age cohort or toxicity occurrence.

Black/White disparities in low birth weight across maternal trajectories of social mobility in South Carolina.

Persistent racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) in the United States may be better understood through the adoption of a life course perspective that considers differential exposure and vulnerability of Black and White women to socioeconomic position across generations. Using a multigenerational dataset of singleton birth certificates from South Carolina from 1989 to 2020 linked along the maternal line, we constructed intergenerational social mobility trajectories of grandmaternal and maternal education and compared unadjusted and adjusted associations between trajectories and LBW among Black and White women. We found that White women were more likely to be upwardly mobile, and Black women to be downwardly mobile.

Alpha Atlas: Mapping global production of α-emitting radionuclides for targeted alpha therapy.

Targeted Alpha Therapy has shown great promise in cancer treatment, sparking significant interest over recent decades. However, its broad adoption has been impeded by the scarcity of alpha-emitters and the complexities related to their use. The availability of these radionuclides is often constrained by the intricate production processes and purification, as well as regulatory and logistical challenges.

Implementing a strength-based adverse childhood experiences prevention program for predominantly Indigenous families: A mixed-method process evaluation.

Background: Given high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among Indigenous youth, it is critical to develop and evaluate strategies to prevent these experiences; one part of evaluation is process evaluation, including analysis of fidelity, attendance and barriers to attendance, contamination, and program acceptability.

Objective: To present a process evaluation of Tiwahe Wicagwicayapi, a strengths-based, family-based program for predominantly Indigenous youth (ages 10 to 14) and their caregivers. The program aimed to prevent ACEs including child abuse and neglect.

School closures, child maltreatment reporting and victimization during the pandemic.

Background: School closures during the pandemic correlated with declines in child maltreatment reports in the U.S. However, it remains unclear how reporting from personnel other than schoolteachers or nurses and the nature of these reports were affected.

Decoding speech intent from non-frontal cortical areas.

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have advanced greatly in decoding speech signals originating from the speech motor cortices. Primarily, these BMIs target individuals with intact speech motor cortices but who are paralyzed by disrupted connections between frontal cortices and their articulators due to brainstem stroke or motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A few studies have shown some information outside the speech motor cortices, such as in parietal and temporal lobes, that also may be useful for BMIs.

AECuration: Automated event curation for spike sorting.

Spike sorting is a commonly used analysis method for identifying single-units and multi-units from extracellular recordings. The extracellular recordings contain a mixture of signal components, such as neural and non-neural events, possibly due to motion and breathing artifacts or electrical interference. Identifying single and multi-unit spikes using a simple threshold-crossing method may lead to uncertainty in differentiating the actual neural spikes from non-neural spikes.

Using transient, effector-specific neural responses to gate decoding for brain-computer interfaces.

Real-world implementation of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for continuous control of devices should ideally rely on fully asynchronous decoding approaches. That is, the decoding algorithm should continuously update its output by estimating the user's intended actions from real-time neural activity, without the need for any temporal alignment to an external cue. This kind of open-ended temporal flexibility is necessary to achieve naturalistic and intuitive control, but presents a challenge: how do we know when it is appropriate to decode anything at all? Activity in motor cortex is dynamic and modulates with many different types of actions (proximal arm control, hand control, speech, etc.

Design and synthesis of a carbohydrate-derived chemosensor for selective Ni(II) ion detection: A turn-off approach.

Nickel, an essential transition metal, plays a vital role in biological systems and industries. However, exposure to nickel can cause severe health issues, such as asthma, dermatitis, pneumonitis, neurological disorders, and cancers of the nasal cavity and lungs. Due to nickel's toxicity and extensive industrial use, efficient sensors for detecting Ni ions in environmental and biological contexts are essential.

Evolving glacier patterns in the Chenab River Basin (1993-2021): Drivers and environmental implications.

Glaciers of Jammu and Kashmir are retreating faster than those in the broader northwestern Himalayas, yet some glaciers in the Chenab River basin display signs of periodic advancement and mass gain (2005-2007). These features, such as coalescing lobate structures and blocked meltwater streams, raise intriguing questions about localized glacier dynamics. While global concerns over climate change and glacier retreat persist, the lack of detailed evidence regarding glacier advance in this region warrants further investigation.

Association of non-English as primary language on clinical outcomes for arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system.

Approximately 22 ​% of the United States population communicates in a non-English language, potentially impacting healthcare communication and outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between non-English primary language (NEPL) and surgical outcomes and none to our knowledge in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adults who underwent AVF creation for hemodialysis access between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

Neural effects of memory training to reduce false memories in older adults: Univariate and multivariate analyses.

The growing population of older adults emphasizes the need to develop interventions that prevent or delay some of the cognitive decline that accompanies aging. In particular, as memory impairment is the foremost cognitive deficit affecting older adults, it is vital to develop interventions that improve memory function. This study addressed the problem of false memories in aging by training older adults to use details of past events during memory retrieval to distinguish targets from related lures.

Trends in EMS encounters and outcomes among children and adolescents with firearm injuries from 2018 to 2022.

Objective: To describe changes in patient and encounter characteristics among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responses for patients ages 0-19 with firearm-related injuries.

Methods: This retrospective national analysis used data from the 2018-2022 ESO Data Collaborative and included all 9-1-1 records for patients ages 0-19 years with documentation of firearm-related injuries. Percent changes are reported; annual changes were evaluated using a non-parametric test of trend.

Simulations of the Potential for Diffraction Enhanced Imaging at 8 keV using Polycapillary Optics.

Conventional x-ray radiography relies on attenuation differences in the object, which often results in poor contrast in soft tissues. X-ray phase imaging has the potential to produce higher contrast but can be difficult to utilize. Instead of grating-based techniques, analyzer-based imaging, also known as diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI), uses a monochromator crystal with an analyzer crystal after the object.

Reconstruction of Local Three-dimensional Temperature Field of Tumor Cells with Low-toxic Nanoscale Quantum-dot Thermometer and Cepstrum Spatial Localization Algorithm.

The optimal method for three-dimensional thermal imaging within cells involves collecting intracellular temperature responses while simultaneously obtaining corresponding 3D positional information. Current temperature measurement techniques based on the photothermal properties of quantum dots face several limitations, including high cytotoxicity and low fluorescence quantum yields. These issues affect the normal metabolic processes of tumor cells.