Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Roundup on Oxidative-Nitrative Stress, Cellular Apoptosis, Prooxidant-Antioxidant Homeostasis, Renin and CYP1A Expressions in Goldfish: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Kidney Damage During Roundup Exposure.

Roundup is one of the most widely used glyphosate-based harmful herbicides in the United States as well as globally, which poses a severe risk for terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In order to identify the detrimental effects of Roundup exposure in aquatic organisms, we investigated the environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup exposure (low dose: 0.5 μg/L and high dose: 5.

Social, Racial, and Economic Disparities Affecting Outcomes of Hypertensive Adolescents.

Essential hypertension is one of the most common conditions managed in pediatric cardiology and can result in lasting deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Pediatric hypertension is so prevalent in the United States that it is often referred to as a public health challenge. Social determinants of health (SDH) are the cultural, economic, educational, healthcare accessibility, and political influences in the environment in which an individual is born or lives, all of which can affect that individual's overall health.

A programmatic assessment of dolutegravir adverse events and discontinuations in Uganda.

Introduction: Dolutegravir is now extensively used in sub-Saharan Africa as a preferred component of antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is a paucity of large studies using routinely collected data from African people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based regimens to inform HIV programmes. We reviewed data in a large programme clinic of people living with HIV on dolutegravir to determine the real-world safety and tolerability of dolutegravir and to describe drivers of treatment discontinuation.

Public Health Simulation-Infused Program (PHSIP) for Nursing Education.

Introduction: Recent health crises, like COVID-19, have increased the need for nurses with public health competencies, but students lack knowledge and are unconvinced of the importance of the field.

Methods: Pre-licensure nursing students (n = 341) engaged with a public health simulation-infused program (PHSIP) that scaffolded throughout the curriculum. Public health knowledge was tested pre- and post-simulation-based education (SBE), and the simulation effectiveness tool-modified (SET-M) was used to evaluate Learners' perception of the SBE experience.

Evaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.

An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.

Between- and Within-Cluster Spearman Rank Correlations.

Clustered data are common in practice. Clustering arises when subjects are measured repeatedly, or subjects are nested in groups (e.g.

In situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Isotope-selective Breathing in MIL-53 during Dihydrogen Adsorption.

The development of smart materials capable of separating dihydrogen isotopologues has risen recently. Among potential candidates, the flexible MIL-53 (Al) has been gaining attention due to its structural flexibility providing the so-called ''breathing mechanism'' that can be useful to separate hydrogen isotopologues selectively. In the present work, an in situ continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation has been proven as a sensitive technique to follow the isotopologue-selective adsorption-desorption of dihydrogen species on the paramagnetic metal-doped MIL-53 (Al0.

A Generalized Bayesian Stochastic Block Model for Microbiome Community Detection.

Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the high-throughput profiling of metagenomes and accelerated microbiome studies. Recently, there has been a rise in quantitative studies that aim to decipher the microbiome co-occurrence network and its underlying community structure based on metagenomic sequence data. Uncovering the complex microbiome community structure is essential to understanding the role of the microbiome in disease progression and susceptibility.

Non-Parametric Estimation for Semi-Competing Risks Data With Event Misascertainment.

The semi-competing risks data model is a special type of disease-state model that focuses on studying the association between an intermediate event and a terminal event and proves to be a useful tool in modeling disease progression. The study of the semi-competing risk data model not only allows us to evaluate whether a disease episode is related to death but also provides a toolkit to predict death, given that the episode occurred at a certain time. However, the computation of the semi-competing risk models is a numerically challenging task.

Allocation Predictability of Individual Assignments in Restricted Randomization Designs for Two-Arm Equal Allocation Trials.

This manuscript derives the allocation predictability measured by the correct guess probability and the probability of being deterministic for individual treatment assignments, as well as the averages of a randomization sequence, based on the treatment imbalance transition matrix and the conditional allocation probability. The methods described are applicable to restricted randomization designs that satisfy the following criteria: (1) two-arm equal allocation, (2) restriction of maximum tolerated imbalance, and (3) conditional allocation probability fully determined by the observed current treatment imbalance. Analytical results indicate that, for two-arm equal allocation trials, allocation predictability alternates by the odd/even sequence order of the treatment assignment.

Prophylactic Use of Cardiac Medications and Survival in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Prophylactic treatment of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) delays onset of LVD, but there is limited data showing impact on survival. Our aim was to describe survival among treated and untreated individuals with DMD.

Methods: Retrospective, population-based surveillance data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet) were used.

Nitrogen fixation may not alleviate stoichiometric imbalances that limit primary production in eutrophic lake ecosystems.

Ecosystem-scale primary production may be proximately limited by nitrogen (N) but ultimately limited by phosphorus (P) because N fixation contributes new N that accumulates relative to P at ecosystem scales. However, the duration needed to transition between proximate N limitation and ultimate P limitation remains unknown for most ecosystems, including lakes. Here we present the results of a fully replicated, multi-annual lake mesocosm experiment that permitted full air-water-sediment interactions that mimicked lake ecosystem ecology.

Association of Menopause and Rhinitis Among Adult Women in the United States: Findings from the All of Us Research Program.

Objective: The inflammatory role of female hormones has been garnering increased attention in the literature. Studies suggest a link between estrogen and inflammatory conditions of the airways and nasal mucosa. However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the associations of hormones with rhinitis.

Relationships for Social Change: The Value of the Promotora Framework in Navigating Systems of Employment.

In the United States, socioeconomic disparities are a reality that shapes the challenges many communities of color experience. Throughout the globe, community-based initiatives have been explored as a way to reduce several barriers that contribute to social inequalities. One in particular, the Promotora framework, has been widely used to improve health outcomes.

Assessment for Enteral Feeding Intolerance by Critical Care Nurses: A National Survey.

Background: Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) occurs in more than one-third of mechanically ventilated patients, yet the cause of this gastrointestinal dysfunction remains unclear. Assessment and diagnostic criteria are often vague and subjective leading to inaccurate recognition or diagnosis of EFI. Nurses are often unsure or unaware of appropriate assessment methods.

Alcohol-induced liver injury is mediated via α4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in hepatocytes.

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that alcohol induced the expression of the α4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the livers of wild type mice (WT), and that whole-body α4 nAChR knockout mice (α4KO) showed protection against alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and injury. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that hepatocyte-specific α4 nAChRs may directly contribute to the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.

Methods: Hepatocyte-specific α4 knockout mice (α4HepKO) were generated, and the absence of α4 nAChR was confirmed through PCR of genomic DNA.

Machine learning-driven discovery of structurally related natural products as activators of the cardiac calcium pump SERCA2a.

A key molecular dysfunction in heart failure is the reduced activity of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) in cardiac muscle cells. Reactivating SERCA2a improves cardiac function in heart failure models, making it a validated target and an attractive therapeutic approach for heart failure therapy. However, finding small-molecule SERCA2a activators is challenging.

Inhibition of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain isozymes decreases multiple myeloma cell proliferation and causes mitochondrial dysfunction.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of plasma cells with a 5-year survival rate of 59%. Dysregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is associated with MM development and progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we explore the roles of long-chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (ACSL) family members in MM.

Gender Differences in Barriers in Career Development Among a Cohort of Dental Researchers. A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: This cross-sectional study investigated gender differences in barriers to career development among dental researchers and between academic and non-academic women.

Methods: An anonymous 34-item survey assessing barriers to career development and workplace obstacles (14 items), along with demographic/occupation characteristics (22 items), was distributed among dental researchers at the Women In Science Network meetings at 2024 AADOCR/IADR General Session (QR code) and through AADOCR/IADR discussion board (online platform). Differences in barriers and workplace obstacles were analyzed between women and men with chi-square tests; comparisons were repeated among women working within versus outside academia.

A new model-based approach for estimating rural hospital markets.

Purpose: To provide a new approach for defining rural hospital markets.

Methods: First, we estimated models of hospital choice. We defined hospitals in the choice set using nationwide hospital data from the Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS).

"You [God] Gotta Go Through It With Me": Black Women Navigating Spirituality During the Breast Cancer Journey.

Background: Black women generally report high levels of spirituality. Less is known about Black women's spiritual coping with a cancer diagnosis. Persisting health disparities between Black breast cancer survivors and other racial groups necessitate examining whether spirituality can be a contextual and personal resource for Black women with breast cancer.

Proximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology.

A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions.