Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and M1 macrophage marker nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in lymph node granulomas of BCG-vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis.

Bovine tuberculosis is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of M. bovis which provides variable disease protection.

Coping after the COVID-19 pandemic: nurses' learning intent and implications for the workforce and education.

Background/aim: Addressing the critical global shortage of nurses requires an understanding of how a global pandemic reshaped nurses' motivations and intentions toward education. This study aimed to describe COVID-19's impact on nurses' intent to pursue additional education.

Method: This descriptive study, based in North Carolina in the USA, used content analysis with an inductive approach to examine the responses of nurses to one open-ended question in a large quantitative workforce survey: how has COVID-19 influenced your plans for future education? Responses were coded with counts and organised into themes and subthemes.

MetAssimulo 2.0: a web app for simulating realistic 1D & 2D Metabolomic 1H NMR spectra.

Unlabelled: Metabolomics extensively utilizes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy due to its excellent reproducibility and high throughput. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra provide crucial information for metabolite annotation and quantification, yet present complex overlapping patterns which may require sophisticated machine learning algorithms to decipher. Unfortunately, the limited availability of labeled spectra can hamper application of machine learning, especially deep learning algorithms which require large amounts of labelled data.

Association Between Early Childhood P300 Deficits and Risk for Preadolescence Depressive Disorder Mediated by Responsiveness to PCIT-ED Treatment.

Preschool-onset major depressive disorder (PO-MDD) is an impairing pediatric mental health disorder that impacts children as young as three years old. There is limited work dedicated to uncovering neural measures of this early childhood disorder which could be leveraged to further understand both treatment responsiveness and future depression risk. Event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the P300 have been employed extensively in adult populations to examine depression-related deficits in cognitive and motivational systems.

Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients Who Have Survived an Episode of Sepsis in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Sepsis is a serious condition that may lead to death or profoundly affect the well-being of those who survive. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence on the impact of all-cause sepsis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes among sepsis survivors in the USA.

Methods: Studies assessing HRQoL, physical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes in patients who survived an episode of sepsis and published from January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2023, were systematically identified through EMBASE, MEDLINE, and MEDLINE In-Process databases, as well as through gray literature.

Ensuring Medical Device Safety: The Role of Standards Organizations and Regulatory Bodies.

Medical devices significantly enhance healthcare by integrating advanced technology to improve patient outcomes. Ensuring their safety and reliability requires a delicate balance between innovation and rigorous oversight, managed through the collaborative efforts of standards development organizations, standards accrediting organizations, and regulatory agencies such as the U.S.

Survival disparities among Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the United States.

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the seventh most common cancer among Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (ANHPIs), yet the risk of death in specific ANHPI subgroups in the US is unknown.

Methods: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to investigate relative survival and the risk of death among NHL patients in ANHPI subgroups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing ANHPI subgroups to non-Hispanic White (NHW) NHL patients for all-cause death and NHL-specific death.

The contribution of cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms to depressive symptoms among pediatric brain tumor survivors.

Objective: Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at risk for neurocognitive late effects that can resemble symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS). In the current study, we compared the CDS symptoms of PBTS to those of healthy comparison classmates (CC) and examined whether CDS might explain group differences in depressive symptoms. We also explored whether CDS symptoms were associated with engagement-based coping strategies and stress responses, thereby testing one mechanism by which CDS could lead to affective difficulties.

What Kills Mature Street and Park Trees in Cities? Systematic Quantitative Review of Published Case Studies.

Street and park trees often endure harsher conditions, including increased temperatures and drier soil and air, than those found in urban or natural forests. These conditions can lead to shorter lifespans and a greater vulnerability to dieback. This literature review aimed to identify confirmed causes of street and park tree dieback in urban areas from around the world.

Operando Characterization of Fe in Doped Ni(Fe)OH Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution.

Iron-doped nickel oxyhydroxides, Ni(Fe)OH, are among the most promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline environments. Although iron (Fe) significantly enhances the catalytic activity, there is still no clear consensus on whether Fe directly participates in the reaction or merely acts as a promoter. To elucidate the Fe's role, we performed X-ray spectroscopy studies supported by DFT on Ni(Fe)OH electrocatalysts.

Combining Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy and Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentials to Probe Mechanical Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The mechanical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of high fundamental and practical relevance. A particularly intriguing technique for determining anisotropic elastic tensors is Brillouin scattering, which so far has rarely been used for highly complex materials like MOFs. In the present contribution, we apply this technique to study a newly synthesized MOF-type material, referred to as GUT2.

Modification of Liposomal Properties by an Engineered Gemini Surfactant.

Lipid membranes form the primary structure of cell membranes and serve as configurable interfaces across numerous applications including biosensing technologies, antifungal treatments, and therapeutic platforms. Therefore, the modification of lipid membranes by additives has important consequences in both biological processes and practical applications. In this study, we investigated a nicotinic-acid-based gemini surfactant (NAGS) as a chemically tunable molecular additive for modulating the structure and phase behavior of liposomal membranes.

Coarse-Graining Chemical Networks by Trimming to Preserve Energy Dissipation.

Continuous production of entropy and the corresponding energy dissipation is a defining characteristic of nonequilibrium systems. When a system's full chemical kinetic description is known, its entropy production rate can be computed from the microscopic rate constants. However, such a calculation typically underestimates energy dissipation when the states of the underlying system are mesoscopic, i.

EPR Characterization of the BlsE Substrate Radical Offers Insight into the Determinants of Reaction Outcome that Distinguish Radical SAM Dioldehydratases from Dehydrogenases.

A small but growing set of radical SAM (-adenosyl-l-methionine) enzymes catalyze the radical mediated dehydration or dehydrogenation of 1,2-diol substrates. In some cases, these activities can be interchanged via minor structural perturbations to the reacting components raising questions regarding the relative importance of hyperconjugation, proton circulation and leaving group stability in determining the reaction outcome. The present work describes trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization of an α-hydroxyalkyl radical intermediate during dehydration and dehydrogenation of cytosylglucuronic acid and its derivatives catalyzed by the radical SAM enzyme BlsE and its Glu189Ala mutant from the blasticidin S biosynthetic pathway.

A Noncatalytic Cysteine Residue Modulates Cobalamin Reactivity in the Human B Processing Enzyme CblC.

Human CblC catalyzes the indispensable processing of dietary vitamin B by the removal of its β-axial ligand and an either one- or two-electron reduction of its cobalt center to yield cob(II)alamin and cob(I)alamin, respectively. Human CblC possesses five cysteine residues of an unknown function. We hypothesized that Cys149, conserved in mammals, tunes the CblC reactivity.

Recent Development of Nanoparticle Platforms for Organophosphate Nerve Agent Detoxification.

Poisoning by organophosphate (OP) nerve agents remains a pressing global threat due to their extensive use in chemical warfare agents and pesticides, potentially causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This urgent need for effective countermeasures has driven considerable interest in innovative detoxification approaches. Among these, nanoparticle technology stands out for its multifunctional potential and wide-ranging applications.

COVID-19 health distress among autistic adults: Does psychological flexibility explain effects of health distress on mental health concerns?

In the United States, the COVID-19 Pandemic caused many autistic adults to be fearful and worried about their health. There is a lot of research that says that when autistic adults experience health distress it can worsen their mental health. We do not know, however, what might explain how experiencing health distress negatively affects mental health.

Cultural differences on baby loss experiences: A comparison of the US and New Zealand.

Prior research has shown that the death of a baby (whether it be through miscarriage, stillbirth, or infant loss) can have profound effects on the parents involved. However, research has yet to adequately understand how these effects differ cross-culturally. Our research addresses these issues through a qualitative study of 47 bereaved mothers in the United States and New Zealand-cultures that have differing perspectives on death.

The relationship of cultural variables to attitudes toward prescription drug usage among Iranian/Persian Americans.

The present study examined the effects of cultural factors(ethnic identity, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and religiosity), derived from the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model, on attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans across the United States. The study consisted of a final sample of 454 Iranian/Persian American adult participants. The results indicated that Iranian/Persian American attitudes toward prescription drug use are impacted by demographic and cultural factors.

Design and early progress of the Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial.

Background: The usual antithrombotic treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) consists of dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days followed by aspirin alone but the risk of recurrent stroke remains high up to 12 months. The Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial was designed to determine whether other combinations of dual antithrombotic therapy are superior to clopidogrel and aspirin.

Methods: CAPTIVA is an ongoing, prospective, double-blinded, three-arm clinical trial at over 100 sites in the United States and Canada that will randomize 1683 high-risk subjects with a symptomatic infarct attributed to 70-99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery to 12 months of treatment with (1) ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, then 90 mg twice daily), (2) low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

The Impact of Optical Undersampling on the Ca Signal Resolution in Ca Imaging of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity.

Background: In neuroscience, Ca imaging is a prevalent technique used to infer neuronal electrical activity, often relying on optical signals recorded at low sampling rates (3 to 30 Hz) across multiple neurons simultaneously. This study investigated whether increasing the sampling rate preserves critical information that may be missed at slower acquisition speeds.

Methods: Primary neuronal cultures were prepared from the cortex of newborn pups.

Probability of Achieving Bone Mineral Density Treatment Goals with Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.

Bone mineral density (BMD) levels achieved on osteoporosis treatment are predictive of subsequent fracture risk, and T-score > -2.5 has been proposed as a minimum treatment target for women with osteoporosis. Knowing the likelihood of attaining target T-scores with different medications for different baseline BMD levels can help determine appropriate initial treatment for individual patients.

Bayesian Borrowing With Multiple Heterogeneous Historical Studies Using Order Restricted Normalized Power Prior.

The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance on complex innovative trial designs acknowledges the use of Bayesian strategies to incorporate historical information based on clinical expertise and data similarity.