Imaging Electron Beam-Sensitive Twisted Hybrid Perovskite Bilayers at One-Angstrom Resolution.

Twisted halide perovskite bilayers, a type of moiré material, show square moiré patterns with exciting optical properties. Atomic-scale structure analysis and its correlation with properties are difficult to achieve due to the extreme sensitivity of organic-inorganic halide perovskites to the illuminated electron beam in conventional/scanning transmission electron microscopy. Here, we developed a low-dose exit wave reconstruction methodology with a real-space resolution of one angstrom at ∼50 e/Å, which recovers the phase information on the moiré fringes in CHNHPbI (MAPbI) twisted perovskite bilayers at atomic scale, enabling detailed structural analysis of defects and corresponding strain distribution in such moiré materials.

Authors' Reply: Commentary on "Protecting User Privacy and Rights in Academic Data-Sharing Partnerships: Principles From a Pilot Program at Crisis Text Line".

We appreciate Reierson's thoughtful commentary on our 2019 paper, which described our experiences, ethical process, judgment calls, and lessons from a 2016-2017 data-sharing pilot between Crisis Text Line and academic researchers. The commentary raises important questions about the ethical conduct of health research in the digital age, particularly regarding informed consent, potential conflicts of interest, and the protection of vulnerable populations. Our article focused specifically on the noncommercial use of Crisis Text Line data for research purposes, so we restrict our reply to points relevant to such usage.

Discrimination of Radiologists' Experience Level Using Eye-Tracking Technology and Machine Learning: Case Study.

Background: Perception-related errors comprise most diagnostic mistakes in radiology. To mitigate this problem, radiologists use personalized and high-dimensional visual search strategies, otherwise known as search patterns. Qualitative descriptions of these search patterns, which involve the physician verbalizing or annotating the order he or she analyzes the image, can be unreliable due to discrepancies in what is reported versus the actual visual patterns.

Small and Versatile Cyclotides as Anti-infective Agents.

Plants provide an abundant source of potential therapeutic agents, including a diverse array of compounds, such as cyclotides, which are peptides known for their antimicrobial activity. Cyclotides are multifaceted molecules with a wide range of biological activities. Their unique topology forms a head-to-tail cyclic structure reinforced by a cysteine knot, which confers chemical and thermal stability.

Harnessing Big Heterogeneous Data to Evaluate the Potential Impact of HIV Responses Among Key Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for the Boloka Data Repository Initiative.

Background: In South Africa, there is no centralized HIV surveillance system where key populations (KPs) data, including gay men and other men who have sex with men, female sex workers, transgender persons, people who use drugs, and incarcerated persons, are stored in South Africa despite being on higher risk of HIV acquisition and transmission than the general population. Data on KPs are being collected on a smaller scale by numerous stakeholders and managed in silos. There exists an opportunity to harness a variety of data, such as empirical, contextual, observational, and programmatic data, for evaluating the potential impact of HIV responses among KPs in South Africa.

Tetrahedral Lithium Stuffing in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes for High-Power-Density and Energy-Density Batteries.

Li-rich cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials introduce new paradigms in the design of high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode materials. However, DRX materials show strikingly sluggish kinetics due to random Li percolation with poor rate performance. Here, we demonstrate that Li stuffing into the tetrahedral sites of the Mn-based rocksalt skeleton injects a novel tetrahedron-octahedron-tetrahedron diffusion path, which acts as a low-energy-barrier hub to facilitate high-speed Li transport.

Effectiveness of a Web-Based Medication Education Course on Pregnant Women's Medication Information Literacy and Decision Self-Efficacy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Medication-related adverse events are common in pregnant women, and most are due to misunderstanding medication information. The identification of appropriate medication information sources requires adequate medical information literacy (MIL). It is important for pregnant women to comprehensively evaluate the risk of medication treatment, self-monitor their medication response, and actively participate in decision-making to reduce medication-related adverse events.

Assessing and Enhancing Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers: Scoping Review of eHealth Tools.

Background: Early childhood is a critical period for shaping lifelong health behaviors, making early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments ideal for implementing nutrition and physical activity interventions. eHealth tools are increasingly utilized in ECEC settings due to their accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, demonstrating promise in enhancing educators' practices. Despite the potential effectiveness of these eHealth approaches, a comprehensive collection of available evidence on eHealth tools designed to assess or support best practices for nutrition or physical activity in ECECs is currently lacking.

Efficacy of lactoferrin supplementation in pediatric infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pediatric infections account for approximately one-third of all deaths in children under 5 globally. Lactoferrin (LF) supplementation has the potential to reduce infection-related morbidity due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of oral LF supplementation randomized controlled trials (RCT) in population under 18 years old.

Contribution of Weak Bases to Isoxaflutole Hydrolysis: Implications for Hydrolysis in Laboratory and Natural Waters.

The hydrolysis rates of many organic chemicals are accelerated under alkaline conditions by the presence of hydroxide (HO), which is typically assumed to be the predominant species contributing to base-catalyzed hydrolysis in both natural waters and laboratory buffers used in standard protocols. In this study, we demonstrated that weak bases (e.g.

Additive Value of Polygenic Risk Score to Family History for Type 2 Diabetes Prediction: Results From the All of Us Research Database.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the additive value of considering type 2 diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk score (PRS) in addition to family history for T2D prediction.

Research Design And Methods: Data were obtained from the All of Us (AoU) research database. First-degree T2D family history was self-reported on the personal family history health questionnaire.

Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

Anxiety and Depression Among Patients Newly Diagnosed with Lymphoma and Myeloma.

Although lymphoma and myeloma confer physical and psychological burden, data are limited regarding anxiety and depression symptoms in affected patients. We conducted a survey between 07/2021 and 09/2022 to characterize anxiety and depression in a cohort of adult patients, within six months of a lymphoma or myeloma diagnosis. Clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms were defined as scores ≥8 on the corresponding subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Critical Steps To Address Climate, Health, And Equity.

Climate change poses an unprecedented threat to human health and well-being in the United States. In this article, part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, we outline key strategies to address climate change, health, and equity, using a public health approach. We focus on three critical areas: transitioning to clean energy sources, upgrading health infrastructure, and scaling public health and health care resilience.

From Laggard To Leader: Why Health Care In The United States Is Failing, And How To Fix It.

Health care in the United States is among the most technologically advanced in the world, but it is largely failing to meet the needs of the nation. The US can claim international excellence in important areas of care, such as cancer treatment, and it leads the world in biomedical innovation and building a well-prepared and dedicated clinical workforce. The Affordable Care Act was a major step forward in expanding access to health care in the US.

Musician's Experience After Breast Cancer Treatment: Defining Musical Toxicity and its Frequency.

Purpose: Over 50% of households in the United States have at least one musician-many musicians are also breast cancer survivors. This group has not been well studied, and given the level of fine sensory-motor skill required for musicianship, we hypothesized that musicians experience unique manifestations of breast cancer treatment toxicities.

Methods: A nine-item Musical Toxicity Questionnaire (MTQ) was distributed to patients who had consented to participate in the Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Registry.

New Directions For Women's Health: Expanding Understanding, Improving Research, Addressing Workforce Limitations.

In the United States, the field of women's health faces critical challenges. This article, part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, emphasizes the need for a holistic, lifespan approach to women's health that considers biological sex, gender, and intersecting social factors. We identify three key challenges: broadening the understanding of women's health beyond reproductive issues, improving the research ecosystem, and addressing workforce limitations.

Updating US Public Health For Healthier Communities.

The United States faces urgent public health challenges, including high preventable death rates, pervasive health disparities, and emerging health risks, despite unprecedented medical progress. This article, part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: Priorities for 2025 initiative, presents a vision for modernizing the US public health system to address these twenty-first-century challenges through federally supported partnerships with health care, social services, and community organizations. We identify actions to address persistent public health challenges that stem from insufficient and fragmented funding models, inadequate data infrastructure, workforce vulnerabilities, and limited public trust.

Carboxylate-Terminated Electrode Surfaces Improve the Performance of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors.

Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors are a molecular measurement platform that enables the continuous, real-time measurement of a wide range of drugs and biomarkers in situ in the living body. EAB sensors are fabricated by depositing a thiol-modified, target-binding aptamer on the surface of a gold electrode, followed by backfilling with an alkanethiol to form a self-assembled monolayer. And while the majority of previously described EAB sensors have employed hydroxyl-terminated monolayers, a handful of studies have shown that altering the monolayer headgroup can strongly affect sensor performance.

Synthesis of Layered Gold Tellurides AuSbTe and AuTe and Their Semiconducting and Metallic Behavior.

Previous studies on natural samples of pampaloite (AuSbTe) revealed the crystal structure of a potentially cleavable and/or exfoliable material, while studies on natural and synthetic montbrayite (Sb-containing AuTe) claimed various chemical compositions for this low-symmetry compound. Few investigations of synthetic samples have been reported for both materials, leaving much of their chemical, thermal, and electronic characteristics unknown. Here, we investigate the stability, electronic properties, and synthesis of the gold antimony tellurides AuSbTe and AuSbTe (montbrayite).

The Impact of International Fellowship on Research Productivity: International Fellowship on Research Productivity.

International medical graduates (IMGs) represent a significant portion of the US physician workforce, comprising 25% across all specialties with a strong presence in internal medicine and primary care. However, their representation in plastic surgery remains limited at only 10%. Matching into a US plastic surgery residency is highly competitive for both US medical graduates and IMGs.