Mpox: emergence following smallpox eradication, ongoing outbreaks and strategies for prevention.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the temporal relationship between the discontinuation of the global smallpox eradication effort with the rise of mpox in Africa and worldwide. It also discusses the global 2022 clade II mpox epidemic and the current 2024 clade I mpox outbreak. Newer findings on viral evolution and pathogenesis, plus current and future strategies for disease prevention, are reviewed.

Samarium as a Catalytic Electron-Transfer Mediator in Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia.

Samarium diiodide (SmI) exhibits high selectivity for NR catalyzed by molybdenum complexes; however, it has so far been employed only as a stoichiometric reagent (0.3 equiv of NH per Sm) combined with coordinating proton sources (e.g.

Accessing Different Protein Conformer Ensembles with Tunable Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization.

Capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) has been used to control the droplet charging of nebulized microdroplets and monitor effects on protein ion conformation makeup as determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Here it is observed that the application of voltage results in noticeable differences to the charge state distributions (CSDs) of ubiquitin ions. The data can be described most generally in three distinct voltage regions: Under low-voltage conditions (<+200 V, LV regime), low charge states (2+ to 4+ ions) dominate the mass spectra.

Determining the optimal antibiotic duration for skin and soft tissue infections.

Purpose Of Review: Optimal duration of therapy in SSTIs - a heterogeneous group of infections - remains unknown. The advances in knowledge of antibiotic duration of treatment in selected SSTIs that can impact clinical practice and published in the last 18 months are reviewed.

Recent Findings: Recent evidence indicates that few patients receive guideline concordant empiric antibiotics and appropriate duration in the United States, although this likely can be extrapolated to other countries.

Transient Triplet Metallopnictinidenes M-Pn (M = Pd, Pt; Pn = P, As, Sb): Characterization and Dimerization.

Nitrenes (R-N) have been subject to a large body of experimental and theoretical studies. The fundamental reactivity of this important class of transient intermediates has been attributed to their electronic structures, particularly the accessibility of triplet vs singlet states. In contrast, electronic structure trends along the heavier pnictinidene analogues (R-Pn; Pn = P-Bi) are much less systematically explored.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Transgender Adults.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), self-reported confusion/memory loss, and an early clinical manifestation of ADRD. While ACEs and SCD have both been individually studied in transgender and nonbinary (TGN) adults, no study has examined the relationship between the two among this population. This study sought to establish the prevalence of ACEs and their association with SCD among TGN adults.

Human TSC2 mutant cells exhibit aberrations in early neurodevelopment accompanied by changes in the DNA Methylome.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a debilitating developmental disorder characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. While benign tumors in the heart, lungs, kidney, and brain are all hallmarks of the disease, the most severe symptoms of TSC are often neurological, including seizures, autism, psychiatric disorders, and intellectual disabilities. TSC is caused by loss of function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and consequent dysregulation of signaling via mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1).

Resilience Profiles among Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in the United States: White and Black Differences.

Background And Objectives: Grandparents raising grandchildren face many challenges and stress regardless of race and ethnicity; however, they are generally resilient. The present study aims to classify resilience profiles of these grandfamilies using a person-centered approach and examine the association of race and ethnicity with these profiles.

Research Design And Methods: The present study analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected from grandparents raising grandchildren in the United States (N = 287).

Online Bayesian State Estimation for Real-Time Monitoring of Growth Kinetics in Thin Film Synthesis.

Rapid validation of newly predicted materials through autonomous synthesis requires real-time adaptive control methods that exploit physics knowledge, a capability that is lacking in most systems. Here, we demonstrate an approach to enable real-time control of thin film synthesis by combining optical diagnostics with a Bayesian state estimation method. We developed a physical model for film growth and applied the direct filter (DF) method for real-time estimation of nucleation and growth rates during pulsed laser deposition (PLD).

Experiences at recovery community centers predict holistic recovery outcomes: a daily diary assessment of RCC helpfulness, meaningfulness, and recovery identity.

Introduction: Recovery community centers (RCCs) offer various support services to people in addiction recovery, such as hosting mutual help meetings and sober social activities and providing employment support and recovery coaching. To date, very little is known about RCCs and their relationship with recovery outcomes, as well as how RCCs may vary in helpfulness from visit to visit. This study used a daily diary approach to assess the intraindividual variation of daily RCC helpfulness, and whether RCC helpfulness predicted the holistic recovery indices of daily meaningfulness and recovery identity.

Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Female sex workers are a vulnerable hard-to-reach group. Research in this field is scarce due to several issues, such as methodological difficulties or societal stigmatization. Most of the available literature focuses on sexually transmittable diseases.

The association between working hours and working type with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the NHANES 1999-2014.

Background: Previous research has indicated that long working hours are connected to a variety of health conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this association which has been observed in more population is limited. Our research is designed to evaluate the association between working hours, working type, and NAFLD.

Non-high-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its association with infertility in U.S. women: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (NHHR) and infertility in US female adults aged 20 to 45.

Methods: Our research team utilized data from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between NHHR and infertility, with trend tests providing additional insight into this relationship.

Trends in anterior shoulder instability procedures over the last decade in the United States.

Background: The treatment algorithm for traumatic shoulder instability has evolved, emphasizing the significance of glenoid bone loss and the glenoid track, addressing humeral, and glenoid vault bone deficiencies. This study examines trends and demographics of anterior shoulder instability procedures in the United States from 2010 to 2020.

Methods: PearlDiver database was queried for patients who underwent traumatic anterior shoulder instability procedures.

International medical graduates representation in pathology academic workforce, departmental leadership and society leadership.

Compared with the overall physician workforce, pathologist workforce in the United States has significant representation of international medical graduates (IMGs). IMG representation in the academic pathology workforce, as well as in departmental and pathology societal leadership, has not been documented. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed a sample of 20 North American academic pathology departmental publicly available websites.

Association of safer smoking supply distribution with participant encounters and naloxone distribution from syringe services programs: Findings from the National Survey of Syringe Services Programs in the United States.

Background: In response to the recent and growing shift from injecting heroin to smoking fentanyl, an increasing number of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the United States are distributing safer smoking supplies. There is a lack of research on whether safer smoking supply distribution is associated with increased SSP engagement and naloxone distribution from SSPs. Therefore, we aimed to assess predictors of safer smoking supply distribution by SSPs and estimate associations between safer smoking supply distribution and scale of harm reduction services.

A Deep Learning Framework for Automated Classification and Archiving of Orthodontic Diagnostic Documents.

Background Orthodontic diagnostic workflows often rely on manual classification and archiving of large volumes of patient images, a process that is both time-consuming and prone to errors such as mislabeling and incomplete documentation. These challenges can compromise treatment accuracy and overall patient care. To address these issues, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven deep learning framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automate the classification and archiving of orthodontic diagnostic images.

Reducing Postbreast Reconstruction Infection Rates: Our Journey to Achieving Low Postoperative Infection Outcomes.

Introduction: Breast surgeries are classified as clean procedures associated with a lower risk of post-operative infections; however, the reported infection rates post-breast surgeries are still significantly high. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are indeed one of the most common and serious complications following breast surgery.

Methodology: A retrospective study assessed the rate of SSIs post-breast reconstructive surgery after the implementation of the infection control protocol at James Cook University Hospital and Friarage Hospital from December 2022 to June 2024.

A protein corona modulates the function of mineralization-competent matrix vesicles.

Mineralizing cells release a special class of extracellular vesicles known as matrix vesicles (MV), crucial for bone mineralization. Following their release, MV anchor to the extracellular matrix (ECM), where their highly specialized enzymatic machinery facilitates the formation of seed mineral within the MV's lumen, subsequently releasing it onto the ECM. However, how MV propagate mineral onto the collagenous ECM remains unclear.

Advances in gastrointestinal vascular bleeding disorders: Successful sirolimus treatment in colonic angioectasia.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) vascular bleeding disorders pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex pathogenesis and varied treatment responses. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, optimal management strategies remain elusive, necessitating further research.

Aim: To assess research trends and clinical advancements in GI vascular bleeding disorders, highlighting key themes and therapeutic progress.