Postmarketing safety evaluation of belimumab: a pharmacovigilance analysis.

Objective: The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the postmarketing safety of belimumab based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: Adverse event (AE) reports in the FAERS database from January 2021 to December 2023 were extracted to perform the disproportionality analysis by calculating the reporting OR. The clinical characteristics and onset times of AEs were investigated.

Five principles to prioritise in small-scale surgical quality improvement: a qualitative study of the views of surgical improvement leaders.

Objective: Variations in the quality and safety of surgical care remain persistent. Efforts to improve are needed, but are themselves variably effective, with often disappointing impacts. When compared with large-scale, multisite and better resourced improvement efforts, the evidence base for small-scale quality improvement (QI) has remained under-developed and lacking in clarity on good practice.

A Novel Telehealth Exercise Program Designed for Rural Survivors of Cancer With Cancer-Related Fatigue: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial.

Background: Exercise interventions are among the best-known interventions for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Rural survivors of cancer, however, report specific barriers to engaging in exercise programs and lack overall access to effective programs.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the feasibility of a novel telehealth exercise program designed specifically for rural survivors of cancer with CRF.

Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder, or autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the developing child's brain with a genetic causality. It can be diagnosed at about three years after birth when it begins to present itself via a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nitric oxide is a crucial small molecule of life synthesized within cells of our body systems, including cells of our brain.

An Azide-based Passive Sampler for Monitoring Abiotic Reduction of Chlorinated Solvent Contaminants in Groundwater.

There is significant interest in monitoring abiotic decomposition of chlorinated solvents at contaminated sites due to large uncertainties regarding the rates of abiotic attenuation of trichloroethylene (PCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) under field conditions. In this study, an innovative passive sampling tool was developed to quantify acetylene, a characteristic product of abiotic reduction of TCE or PCE, in groundwater. The sampling mechanism is based on the highly specific and facile click reaction between acetylene and an azide compound to form a biologically and chemically stable triazole product.

Liver fatty acid binding protein FABP1 transfers substrates to cytochrome P450 4A11 for catalysis.

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 4A11 is a human P450 family 4 ω-oxidase that selectively catalyzes the hydroxylation of the terminal methyl group of fatty acids. Cytosolic lipids are the substrates for the enzyme but are considered to be primarily bound in cells by liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1). Lipid binding to recombinant FABP1 with a fluorophore displacement assay showed substantial preference of FABP1 for ≥16-carbon fatty acids (K < 70 nM).

Clinically significant hemoptysis and all-cause mortality in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.

Background: Hemoptysis is one of the major symptoms in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, its prevalence, incidence, and impact on long-term prognosis remain uncertain. We evaluated the incidence of clinically significant hemoptysis, and determined its association with mortality in patients with NTM-PD.

Radiation doses to the breast and predicted breast cancer risk among patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma with modern radiotherapy.

Purpose: To contrast breast radiation exposure from chest radiotherapy in 2006-2021 with 1965-1997, and to compare breast cancer (BC) risk 25 years after treatment predicted by two models.

Methods: Radiation dose distributions to the breast from 101 chest radiotherapies given 2006-2021 for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or other lymphoma in one German and two Dutch hospitals were compared with doses received by 505 Dutch HL patients treated 1965-1997 and sampled into a nested case-control study, weighted to represent a HL patient cohort. Dose-volume histograms, mean dose and doses to 10 breast segments were evaluated.

"extracellular vesicle DNA: Advances and applications as a non-invasive biomarker in disease diagnosis and treatment".

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, membrane-enclosed structures released by cells into the extracellular milieu. These vesicles encapsulate a diverse array of molecular constituents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which provide insights into the physiological or pathological conditions of their parent cells. Despite their potential, the study of EV-derived DNA (EV-DNA) has gathered relatively limited attention.

Effect of obesity on cardiovascular remodeling, and aerobic capacity in adults with coarctation of aorta.

Background: We hypothesized that patients with coarctation of aorta (COA) and obesity would have more advanced cardiovascular remodeling and impaired aerobic capacity compared to COA patients without obesity. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between obesity, cardiovascular remodeling, and aerobic capacity in adults with repaired COA.

Method: The study comprised of 3 groups: (1) Obese COA group (n=177) (COA patients with body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m); (2) Non-obese COA group (n=572) (COA patients with BMI ≤30 kg/m); (3) Control group (n=59) (subjects without structural heart disease and BMI ≤30 kg/m).

Planetary Health Diet Index Trends and Associations with Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Disease Biomarkers, Obesity, and Mortality in the United States (2005-2018).

Background: Diet plays a vital role in human health and environmental effects. Monitoring diet quality and its relationship to both health and environment are essential for policy making.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze trends in the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and its associations with daily greenhouse gas emissions from food (GHG), disease-related biomarkers, anthropometric measurements, obesity, and all-cause mortality in the US population.

Associations of Financial Hardship and Health Status, Social Functioning, and Mental Health Among Cancer Survivors in the United States: Findings From a Nationally Representative Study.

Purpose: Financial hardship is common among cancer survivors and has been associated with worse physical and mental health in selected subpopulations. We comprehensively examined associations of financial hardship with multiple measures of health status, social functioning, and mental health in a large, nationally representative sample of cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: We identified adults with a cancer history (18-64 years: n = 3,157 and ≥65 years: n = 5,991) from the 2019 to 2021 National Health Interview Survey.

Immediate and prolonged effects of different exercise intensities on the regularity of joint and coordinative patterns in runners.

Runners who experience insufficient recovery time after training demands may have increased injury risk. Training and exercises can induce fatigue and altered movement patterns, which may best be assessed by examining the dynamics of the movement structure during a sports-related task. This crossover experimental study investigated the immediate and prolonged effects of exercise at different intensities on lower-limb joints and coordinative patterns during a 60-second single-leg squat task in 30 healthy runners.

Synergistic learning with multi-task DeepONet for efficient PDE problem solving.

Multi-task learning (MTL) is an inductive transfer mechanism designed to leverage useful information from multiple tasks to improve generalization performance compared to single-task learning. It has been extensively explored in traditional machine learning to address issues such as data sparsity and overfitting in neural networks. In this work, we apply MTL to problems in science and engineering governed by partial differential equations (PDEs).

"Knock me down a little bit more": Support networks of parents impacted by the child welfare system, a mixed methods study.

Background: Families impacted by the child welfare system (CWS) face increased risks of poverty, family dysfunction, and poor child outcomes. Strong support networks, comprised of formal support from government programs or service providers and informal support from family and friends, are an under-researched potential mechanism to facilitate family engagement and protect against child maltreatment.

Objective: This study's objective was to describe formal and informal supports among parents with substantiated maltreatment who recently entered the CWS to understand parents' situations and conditions.

New insights into the epidemiology of Streptococcus suis in pig production systems using whole genome sequencing.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major pathogen for pigs, causing large economic losses to the swine industry. Moreover, this bacterium has a zoonotic potential, being capable of infecting humans in close contact with pigs or, less frequently, through contact with pork products.

Replication-competent recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus expressing antiviral cytokine interferon-ω5 as a modified live virus vaccine.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the highly variable PRRS virus (PRRSV), presents a significant challenge to the swine industry due to its pathogenic and economic burden. The virus evades host immune responses, particularly interferon (IFN) signaling, through various viral mechanisms. Traditional vaccines have shown variable efficacy in the field, prompting the exploration of novel vaccination strategies.

Challenges in pregnancy and lactation among surgical residents and attendings: A systematic review.

Background: With more women entering surgical training, barriers concerning pregnancy and breastfeeding are pertinent issues that have not been addressed adequately in a specialty with more men. An increasing body of evidence for the consequences of these challenges is emerging but has not been reviewed thoroughly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the physical, emotional, and practical challenges of pregnancy and breastfeeding during surgical training and career and to elucidate the main difficulties and barriers female surgeons experience.

Volume of intraoperative normal saline versus lactated Ringer's solution on acute kidney injury: A secondary analysis of the SOLAR trial.

Unlabelled: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after non-cardiac surgery. Normal saline and lactated Ringer's solution are both used for volume replacement during surgery. Normal saline decreases renal blood flow and causes hyperchloremic acidosis whereas lactated Ringer's does not.

Histological features indicate the risk of progression of patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Our understanding of predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus (BE) remains incomplete. To address this gap, we evaluated histological features and biomarkers that could predict dysplastic/neoplastic progression in patients with BE. We conducted a retrospective study to identify eligible BE patients and classified the cases into two groups: cases with BE progression (n = 10; progressing to high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma within five years of initial diagnosis) and cases without BE progression (n = 52; without progression to high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma within five years).

RSVP Keyboard with Inquiry Preview: mixed performance and user experience with an adaptive, multimodal typing interface combining EEG and switch input.

Objective: The RSVP Keyboard is a non-implantable, event-related potential-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system designed to support communication access for people with severe speech and physical impairments. Here we introduce Inquiry Preview, a new RSVP Keyboard interface incorporating switch input for users with some voluntary motor function, and describe its effects on typing performance and other outcomes.

Approach: Four individuals with disabilities participated in the collaborative design of possible switch input applications for the RSVP Keyboard, leading to the development of Inquiry Preview and a method of fusing switch input with language model and electroencephalography (EEG) evidence for typing.

Trends and hotspots in burns-related pain research: A bibliometric analysis.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to conduct a thorough synthesis of the extant scholarly discourse and to delineate the prevailing global trends in the domain of burn pain, employing a bibliometric analysis.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database. Articles were selected based on titles or abstracts containing keywords associated with burns and pain.

Positive correlation between interleukin (IL) 1 beta to IL-1 receptor antagonist levels in Standardbred racehorses prior to racing.

Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) are both upregulated following traumatic injury. As IL-1RA blocks inflammatory signaling by IL-1β, overexpression of IL-1β relative to IL-1RA may drive inflammatory diseases. As such, determination of the relationship between IL-1β to IL-1RA expression levels in horses may provide insight into disease states or serve as a therapeutic readout of response to medical interventions.

Centering the body in agricultural development: Bridging conceptualizations of bodies-as-mechanism and bodies-as-affective.

There is resurgent interest in making agriculture more "nutrition sensitive" to address longstanding rural health disparities. Yet, the relations between agri-ecological systems and producer wellbeing and health are complex, and approaches to studying them are scattered across multiple disciplinary traditions. This paper forges a methodological framework to study how bodily and social wellbeing may be facilitated/hindered amongst individuals engaged in agriculture by centering the material body within agriculture-nutrition analyses.

Relationship between social determinants of health and cognitive performance in an older American population: a cross-sectional NHANES study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of social determinants of health (SDoH) on cognitive performance.

Methods: This study surveyed a sample of older adults aged 60 years and older from the 2011-2014 cohort of participants in the U.S.