Multiplex Detection and Quantification of Virus Co-Infections Using Label-free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Deep Learning Algorithms.

Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract, making their identification crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and disease management. We present a label-free diagnostic platform integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with deep learning for rapid, quantitative detection of respiratory virus coinfections. Using sensitive silica-coated silver nanorod array substrates, over 1.

Self-Management Strategies for Low Back Pain Among Horticulture Workers: Protocol for a Type II Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in agriculture sectors. However, there is a gap in LBP prevention and intervention studies in these physically demanding occupations, and to date, no studies have focused on horticulture workers. Given the challenges of implementing interventions for those working in small businesses, self-management offers an attractive and feasible option to address work-related risk factors and manage LBP.

Feasibility of a Mobile App-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Perinatal Skills Program: Protocol for Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Mental illness is one of the top causes of preventable pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. There are many barriers that interfere with the ability of perinatal individuals to access traditional mental health care. Digital health interventions, including app-based programs, have the potential to increase access to useful tools for these individuals.

Implementing Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Adults: Systematic Review.

Background: Scientific implementation findings relevant to the implementation of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression and anxiety in adults remain sparse and scattered across different sources of published information. Identifying evidence-based factors that influence the implementation of iCBT is key to successfully using iCBT in real-world clinical settings.

Objective: This systematic review evaluated the following: (1) aspects that research articles postulate as important for the implementation of iCBT and (2) aspects relevant to the day-to-day running of iCBT services.

Detecting Deception and Ensuring Data Integrity in a Nationwide mHealth Randomized Controlled Trial: Factorial Design Survey Study.

Background: Social behavioral research studies have increasingly shifted to remote recruitment and enrollment procedures. This shifting landscape necessitates evolving best practices to help mitigate the negative impacts of deceptive attempts (eg, fake profiles and bots) at enrolling in behavioral research.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and implement robust deception detection procedures during the enrollment period of a remotely conducted randomized controlled trial.

The Social Construction of Categorical Data: Mixed Methods Approach to Assessing Data Features in Publicly Available Datasets.

Background: In data-sparse areas such as health care, computer scientists aim to leverage as much available information as possible to increase the accuracy of their machine learning models' outputs. As a standard, categorical data, such as patients' gender, socioeconomic status, or skin color, are used to train models in fusion with other data types, such as medical images and text-based medical information. However, the effects of including categorical data features for model training in such data-scarce areas are underexamined, particularly regarding models intended to serve individuals equitably in a diverse population.

Research Hotspots of Interferon Gamma in the Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important cytokine associated with antitumor immunity and has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer. Nevertheless, no bibliometric analyses have been published in this field to date, and thus we aim to address this gap in knowledge. A search of the Web of Science (WOS) for literature related to the treatment of lung cancer with IFN-γ was conducted from 2002 to 2024.

Energetic and Electronic Properties of AcX and LaX (X = O and F).

The bonding and spectroscopic properties of LaX and AcX (X = O and F) diatomic molecules were studied by high-level ab initio CCSD(T) and SO-CASPT2 electronic structure calculations. Bond dissociation energies (BDEs) were calculated at the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) level. Potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants for the lowest-lying spin-orbit Ω states were obtained at the SO-CASPT2/aQ-DK level.

Speech-Language Pathology Preservice Preparation for Working in School-Age Literacy: International Perspectives.

Purpose: This narrative review of preservice training of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to work in school-age literacy contexts examines (a) studies regarding SLPs' perceptions of their preservice training and (b) accreditation requirements for preservice training in selected nations.

Method: A review of the literature examining (a) SLPs' perspectives about their preservice training; (b) SLPs' beliefs, confidence, and self-efficacy; and (c) speech-language pathology preservice program content was conducted via analysis of studies published after the year 2010. Policy documents and websites outlining accreditation requirements in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand were reviewed.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an aggressive mature T-cell lymphoma characterized by significant hepatosplenomegaly, bone marrow involvement, and minimal or no lymphadenopathy. Primarily affecting young adults, it is exceptionally rare in children and adolescents. This makes diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging for pathologists and pediatric oncologists.

Directed Evolution's Selective Use of Quantum Tunneling in Designed Enzymes─A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Natural enzymes are powerful catalysts, reducing the apparent activation energy for reactions and enabling chemistry to proceed as much as 10 times faster than the corresponding solution reaction. It has been suggested for some time that, in some cases, quantum tunneling can contribute to this rate enhancement by offering pathways through a barrier inaccessible to activated events. A central question of interest to both physical chemists and biochemists is the extent to which evolution introduces mechanisms below the barrier, or tunneling mechanisms.

Chemoproteomic Profiling of Clickable Fumarate Probes for Target Identification and Mechanism of Action Studies.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an established oral therapy for multiple sclerosis worldwide. Although the clinical efficacy of these fumarate esters has been extensively investigated, the mode of action and pharmacokinetics of fumarates have not been fully elucidated due to their broad-spectrum reactivity and complex metabolism in vivo. To better understand the mechanism of action of DMF and its active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), we designed and utilized clickable probes to visualize and enrich probe-modified proteins.

Multidimensional scaling improves distance-based clustering for microbiome data.

Motivation: Clustering patients into subgroups based on their microbial compositions can greatly enhance our understanding of the role of microbes in human health and disease etiology. Distance-based clustering methods, such as partitioning around medoids (PAM), are popular due to their computational efficiency and absence of distributional assumptions. However, the performance of these methods can be suboptimal when true cluster memberships are driven by differences in the abundance of only a few microbes, a situation known as the sparse signal scenario.

Structured Liquid--Liquid Emulsion Stabilized by Surface-Engineered Liquid Metal Droplets as "Mutant" Pickering Emulsifiers.

Liquid metals (LMs), i.e., metals and alloys that exist in a liquid state at room temperature, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic and rheological properties useful in various cutting-edge technologies.

Concordance Between Trainee Self-Assessment and Expert Assessment of Cold Snare Polypectomy Competence: Results From a Randomized Clinical Study.

Purpose: Many trainees lack competence in performing cold snare polypectomy (CSP), and longer observation periods using assessment tools, such as the Cold Snare Polypectomy Assessment Tool (CSPAT), may be required. However, these tools are not commonly used in busy academic endoscopy practices. This study evaluates the concordance between trainee self-assessment of CSP with expert assessment and assesses factors associated with concordance.

Thin Layer Chromatography Goes Ultrasmall to Assay Sphingosine Kinase Activation in Single Primary Leukemic Cells.

Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in lipid signaling underlies variations in response and recurrence for many cancers, including leukemias. A highly parallel, miniaturized thin-layer chromatographic platform capable of assaying single cells was developed. Ultrasmall volumes (50 pL) of standard fluorescent lipids were separated with excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and limits of detection.

Markers for Pressure Injury Risk in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To identify markers associated with pressure injury (PrI) history in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) using two approaches: skin blood flow (SBF) response toward localized heating, and serum marker for insulin resistance.

Methods: For this cross-sectional, observational study of adults with chronic traumatic SCI at T12 and above, researchers recruited two groups of participants: with history of PrI (group 1), and without history of PrI (group 2). The study protocol included obtaining fasting blood samples and measurement of SBF at bilateral heels with localized heating of 42 °C for 30 minutes from all participants.

Cell-free assays reveal that the HIV-1 capsid protects reverse transcripts from cGAS immune sensing.

Retroviruses can be detected by the innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which recognizes reverse-transcribed DNA and activates an antiviral response. However, the extent to which HIV-1 shields its genome from cGAS recognition remains unclear. To study this process in mechanistic detail, we reconstituted reverse transcription, genome release, and innate immune sensing of HIV-1 in a cell-free system.

Development, validation, and reliability testing of the College Perspectives around Food Insecurity survey.

The objective of this study was to develop and to test the validity and reliability of a survey aimed to evaluate internal and external factors associated with college food insecurity. Researchers used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the College Perspectives around Food Insecurity survey. Survey items were constructed from interview data and assigned a social cognitive theory concept (environment, personal, or behavior).

Lineage tracing studies suggest that the placenta is not a de novo source of hematopoietic stem cells.

Definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from a small number of hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) within the developing embryo. Understanding the origin and ontogeny of HSPCs is of considerable interest and potential therapeutic value. It has been proposed that the murine placenta contains HECs that differentiate into HSPCs.

Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation for sciatica and opioid-related adverse events: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients receiving chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) for spinal pain are less likely to be prescribed opioids, and some evidence suggests that these patients have a lower risk of any type of adverse drug event. We hypothesize that adults receiving CSM for sciatica will have a reduced risk of opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) over a one-year follow-up compared to matched controls not receiving CSM.

Methods: We searched a United States (US) claims-based data resource (Diamond Network, TriNetX, Inc.

Evidence that flocking behavior is rewarded by singing, flock mates, and mu opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens.

It has been proposed that social groups are maintained both by reward resulting from positive social interactions and by the reduction of a negative state that would otherwise be caused by social separation. European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, develop strong conditioned place preferences for places associated with the production of song in flocks outside the breeding season (gregarious song) and singers are motivated to rejoin the flock following removal. This indicates that the act of singing in flocks is associated with a positive affective state and raises the possibility that reward induced by song in flocks may play a role in flock maintenance.

Identity as a resource or a demand.

Individuals embody various social identities that can impact how they interface with the social environment. Stigma theories suggest that members of low-status or marginalized groups possess devalued social identities, and therefore, experience more stress. While social identities can lead to increased stress, individuals' appraisals of their identities are not necessarily perceived as harmful/demanding.