NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Altered Mitophagy Are Key Pathways in Inclusion Body Myositis.

Background: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in adults for which no current treatment exists. The pathogenesis of IBM remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to explore the interplay between inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IBM.

Univariate Prediction of Hammett Parameters and Select Relative Reaction Rates Using Loewdin Atomic Charges.

Loewdin charges from density functional theory calculations were used here to obtain general, univariate linear correlations for the prediction of experimental Hammett parameters and relative reaction rates. While previous studies have established that Hirshfeld and CM5 charges perform strongly as univariate predictors, the near-ubiquitous Loewdin charges have not yet been evaluated. To this end, we assess the predictive capability of Loewdin charges for three chemical systems.

Time-dependent prognostic accuracy measures for recurrent event data.

In many clinical contexts, the event of interest could occur multiple times for the same patient. Considerable advancement has been made on developing recurrent event models based on or that use biomarker information. However, less attention has been given to evaluating the prognostic accuracy of a biomarker or a composite score obtained from a fitted recurrent event-rate model.

Semi-parametric sensitivity analysis for trials with irregular and informative assessment times.

Many trials are designed to collect outcomes at or around pre-specified times after randomization. If there is variability in the times when participants are actually assessed, this can pose a challenge to learning the effect of treatment, since not all participants have outcome assessments at the times of interest. Furthermore, observed outcome values may not be representative of all participants' outcomes at a given time.

Demand for Increased Financial Support to Families of Privately Insured Pediatric Hearing Aid Users.

Purpose: The ability to hear is germane in fostering communiation skills in children and plays a crucial role in their overall wellbeing. Unfortunately, hearing impairment is one of the most common developmental discrepancies in children.

Objective: To describe and evaluate the current legislation surrounding pediatric hearing aid reimbursement and the implications of these policies.

The Need to Increase Help-Seeking for Eating Disorders in General and Binge-Eating Disorder Specifically: Commentary on Ali et al.'s (2024) Meta-Analysis.

Ali et al.'s (2024) systematic review and meta-analysis updated a previous meta-analysis on the gap between the need for eating disorder treatment and rates of seeking and receiving eating disorder treatment. They found that less than one-third of individuals with eating disorders sought help for their eating disorder, which was an improvement of only 8% over more than a decade.

Episode-Based Bundled Payments in Hand Surgery: An Affordable Solution to Overwhelming Health Care Costs.

The purpose of this review is to examine the literature regarding episode-based bundled payment models for hand surgery. Health care and productivity costs associated with the surgical management of hand and wrist pathologies represent a substantial burden on the United States health care system. Traditional fee-for-service models fail to incentivize interdisciplinary collaboration and optimization of resources.

Interlaboratory Measurement of Adeno-Associated Virus: Comparative Quantification of Full and Empty Capsids.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the main viral vector-based gene therapy platforms. AAV is a virus consisting of a ≈25 nm diameter capsid with a ≈4.7 kb cargo capacity.

Research hotspots and frontiers of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for stroke treatment, drawing significant attention due to its potential benefits. However, despite this growing interest, a systematic bibliometric analysis of the research landscape is yet to be conducted.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for literature published between January 1, 2005, and August 31, 2024.

Involvement of the parabrachial nucleus in emergence from general anesthesia.

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN), located in the dorsolateral pons, is involved in many important biological functions, such as sensory signaling, feeding, defensive behaviors, fear, anxiety, and sleep-wake cycles. General anesthesia shares the classical feature of reversible loss of consciousness with natural sleep, and accumulating evidence has indicated that general anesthesia and sleep-wake behaviors share some common underlying neural mechanism. In recent years, emerging studies have investigated the involvement of PBN in emergence from general anesthesia, but divergence exists in terms of different types of general anesthetics or different durations of treatment with the same group of general anesthetics.

A fusion analytic framework for investigating functional brain connectivity differences using resting-state fMRI.

Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is highly complex and high-dimensional, capturing signals from regions of interest (ROIs) with intricate correlations. Analyzing such data is particularly challenging, especially in resting-state fMRI, where patterns are less identifiable without task-specific contexts. Nonetheless, interconnections among ROIs provide essential insights into brain activity and exhibit unique characteristics across groups.

Infectious keratitis in Western New York: a 10-year review of patient demographics, clinical management, and treatment failure.

Background: Infectious keratitis (IK) is a blinding disease and an important cause of ocular morbidity. Understanding regional trends in IK are important to understand the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of this disease.

Methods: In this 10-year retrospective review, patient characteristics including sociodemographic factors, medical history, and ocular history were collected as well as the clinical course and outcomes.

Altered neural recruitment during single and dual tasks in athletes with repeat concussion.

Sports-related concussions (SRCs) pose significant challenges to college-aged athletes, eliciting both immediate symptoms and subacute cognitive and motor function impairment. While most symptoms and impairments resolve within weeks, athletes with repeat SRCs may experience heightened risk for prolonged recovery trajectories, future musculoskeletal injuries, and long-term neurocognitive deficits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of repeat SRCs on dual task performance and associated neural recruitment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelium following cardiopulmonary bypass shearing is mediated by IL-8 signaling.

Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can induce sterile systemic inflammation that contributes to morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Patients have been found to have increased expression of cytokines and transmigration of leukocytes during and after CPB. Previous work has demonstrated that the supraphysiologic shear stresses existing during CPB are sufficient to induce proinflammatory behavior in non-adherent monocytes.

Boredom and curiosity: the hunger and the appetite for information.

Boredom and curiosity are common everyday states that drive individuals to seek information. Due to their functional relatedness, it is not trivial to distinguish whether an action, for instance in the context of a behavioral experiment, is driven by boredom or curiosity. Are the two constructs opposite poles of the same cognitive mechanism, or distinct states? How do they interact? Can they co-exist and complement each other? Here, we systematically review similarities and dissimilarities of boredom and curiosity with respect to their subjective experience, functional role, and neurocognitive implementation.

Mindfulness and CBT: a conceptual integration bridging ancient wisdom and modern cognitive theories of psychopathology.

With the rapid expansion of mindfulness and its incorporation into the "third wave" of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), there has been evident confusion about what mindfulness is and how it relates to this broader category of interventions. In this article, I define mindfulness and CBT, and differentiate them while highlighting their substantial overlap. Specifically, I discuss the Buddhist Psychological Model and how it relates to the foundational cognitive model, demonstrating the common threads that run across these seemingly disparate philosophies.

Whole exome-seq and RNA-seq data reveal unique neoantigen profiles in Kenyan breast cancer patients.

Background: The immune response against tumors relies on distinguishing between self and non-self, the basis of cancer immunotherapy. Neoantigens from somatic mutations are central to many immunotherapeutic strategies and understanding their landscape in breast cancer is crucial for targeted interventions. We aimed to profile neoantigens in Kenyan breast cancer patients using genomic DNA and total RNA from paired tumor and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples of 23 patients.

Global research trends and frontiers in ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a bibliometric and visualization study.

Background: Since the emergence of the hot topic of "ferroptosis," numerous studies have explored its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), revealing its significance in the disease's pathogenesis, progression, and treatment. However, there remains a significant gap in the quantitative analysis of ferroptosis in HCC. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively assess the research progress and evolution in this field through bibliometric and citation analysis.

Corrigendum: Radiotherapy and breast cancer: finally, an lncRNA perspective on radiosensitivity and radioresistance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.

Vitamin B12 deficiency in dialysis patients: risk factors, diagnosis, complications, and treatment: A comprehensive review.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a significant concern among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. However, there hasn't been extensive research conducted on this particular patient group. The reported incidence rates vary widely, ranging from 20% to 90%, reflecting the complexity of its diagnosis.

The clinical significance of open vs. minimally invasive surgical approaches in the management of thymic epithelial tumors and myasthenia gravis.

Though advancements have been made in the pharmacologic treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG), surgical resection is not only an option as a last line of defense for those patients who do not respond to medical therapy but also remains vital for those with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). While prior studies have shown the potential superiority of minimally invasive approaches via robotic- and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS/VATS) for thymectomy compared to open surgery, in the setting of malignancies, this outcome delineation is controversial. As RATS/VATS may be associated with less post-operative complications in the treatment of TET, some surgeons argue that the open approach is necessary for complete resection (R0 resection) and to prevent potential seeding of the malignancy.

From behavioral synchrony to language and beyond.

Decades of research on joint attention, coordinated joint engagement, and social contingency identify caregiver-child interaction in infancy as a foundation for language. These patterns of early behavioral synchrony contribute to the structure and connectivity of the brain in the temporoparietal regions typically associated with language skills. Thus, children attune to their communication partner and subsequently build cognitive skills directly relating to comprehension and production of language, literacy skills, and beyond.