Navigating "regulatory fog": Challenges to rigorous abortion research after the Dobbs v. Jackson decision.

In 2022, the United States' Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade and federal protections for abortion.

Towards healthy sleep environments: Ambient, indoor, and personal exposure to PM and its implications in children's sleep health.

The growing impact of climate change and escalating wildfire seasons has led to heightened ambient air pollution, potentially affecting children's sleep health. However, current epidemiological research often relies on outdoor weather data to model the environmental impacts on sleep health, potentially mischaracterizing the actual bedroom environment. To address these challenges, we conducted experiments to investigate the relationships among ambient, indoor, and personal exposure to PM concentrations and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Hepatic adverse events associated with ketamine and esketamine: A population-based disproportionality analysis.

Background And Objective: To determine whether there is disproportionate reporting of hepatobiliary disorders in the United States (US) FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for individuals prescribed ketamine or esketamine.

Design: We identified Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terms in the FAERS related to hepatobiliary disorders.

Main Measures: Formulations of ketamine and esketamine were evaluated for the proportionality of reporting for each hepatobiliary disorder parameter using the reporting odds ratio (ROR).

Social isolation as a determinant of mental health among hybrid employees in the United States.

Background: A knowledge gap exists in understanding the role of social isolation as a determinant of mental health among hybrid employees during the COVID-19 era.

Methods: Using 2024 Household Pulse Survey data, we investigated the relationship between social isolation and mental health among US hybrid employees. We assessed depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2.

OLAgen: A Software Tool for Reagent Design to Expand Access to Single Nucleotide Variant Detection by the Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay.

Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and polymorphisms (SNPs) are characteristic biomarkers in various biological contexts, including pathogen drug resistances and human diseases. Tools that lower the implementation barrier of molecular SNV detection methods would provide greater leverage of the expanding SNP/SNV database. The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) is a highly specific means for detection of known SNVs and is especially powerful when coupled with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Minimally Invasive Glass-Ceramic Restorations: Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Full-Mouth Rehabilitations.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical outcomes (restoration survival, technical and biological complications), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of full mouth rehabilitation with minimally invasive glass-ceramic restorations after up to 12 years of clinical service.

Materials And Methods: Twenty individuals (12 females, 8 males) received full-mouth rehabilitation with minimally invasive tooth-supported glass-ceramic restorations during the years 2009 - 2017 and agreed to participate in a follow-up visit. Full dental and periodontal examinations were completed, and the restorations were evaluated according to United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.

Phosphorylated-tau associates with HSV-1 chromatin and correlates with nuclear speckles decondensation in low-density host chromatin regions.

Abnormal tau phosphorylation is a key mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence implicates infectious agents, such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), as co-factors in the onset or the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This has led to divergence in the field regarding the contribution of viruses in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Cervical balloon catheter versus Dilapan-S for outpatient cervical ripening: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: As induction of labor increases in the United States, safe, effective outpatient cervical ripening has been explored as a method to decrease the inpatient time burden. The most effective method of outpatient mechanical cervical ripening remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate if Dilapan-S is non-inferior to cervical balloon for outpatient cervical ripening (CR) based on change in Bishop score.

Material Goods Provided in Pediatric Primary Care Clinics: A Landscape Analysis.

Objectives: To characterize the 1) types of material goods (non-medical items) offered in pediatric residency continuity clinics, 2) consistency of good availability, 3) funding sources used to support supply, 4) whether goods are provided in response to social needs screening, and 5) common challenges with provision. To assess the extent to which provision of goods varied by clinic size and proportion of publicly insured patients.

Methods: Faculty and staff members from clinics in the Academic Pediatric Association's Continuity Research Network (APA CORNET) completed an online survey about material goods provided in their clinic in the preceding 12 months.

Circulating monocytes upregulate CD52 and sustain innate immune function in cirrhosis unless acute decompensation emerges.

Background & Aims: Infectious complications determine the prognosis of cirrhosis patients. Their infection susceptibility relates to the development of immuneparesis, a complex interplay of different immunosuppressive cells and soluble factors. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of immuneparesis of innate immunity remain inconclusive.

Relative abundance of atropisomer pairs in metolachlor metabolites, MESA and MOXA, vary with slope and hydric soils in subwatersheds of the Choptank River watershed, Maryland.

Metolachlor is the most heavily used member of acetanilide herbicides, which are noted for forming highly soluble metabolites in root zone soils soon after field application. The two primary metabolites of metolachlor, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOXA), retain the same chiral chemistry as their source and are important tracers of nitrate loading from agricultural cropland. New analytical methods for separating the isomers of MESA and MOXA, enable studies assessing changes in the abundance of atropisomer pairs of the carbon chiral enantiomers in environmental samples.

Effects of warning information at medication initiation on deprescribing intentions in older adults: A hypothetical vignette.

Objectives: To explore to what degree providing patients warning information about the long-term risks of a medication would affect their subsequent desire to discontinue it.

Methods: We conducted a vignette-based online experiment in which participants aged ≥ 65 years from the United States were asked to imagine starting and subsequently stopping omeprazole. Participants were randomized to one of four vignettes about starting omeprazole (potential long-term harms or no harm information; OTC vs.

The effect of cognitive task and gait speed on gait spatiotemporal parameters in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Cross-sectional study.

Background: Restoring pre-injury normal gait following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) is a critical challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare spatiotemporal parameters in athletes following ACL reconstruction with healthy athletes when cognitive load and speed were manipulated.

Methods: Twenty male soccer players with an ACLR history and 20 healthy matched individuals completed walking tasks under four conditions: with and without a cognitive load (auditory Stroop task), and at preferred speed as well as high speed (20% higher than the individual's preferred speed).

Flusion: Integrating multiple data sources for accurate influenza predictions.

Over the last ten years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has organized an annual influenza forecasting challenge with the motivation that accurate probabilistic forecasts could improve situational awareness and yield more effective public health actions. Starting with the 2021/22 influenza season, the forecasting targets for this challenge have been based on hospital admissions reported in the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance system. Reporting of influenza hospital admissions through NHSN began within the last few years, and as such only a limited amount of historical data are available for this target signal.

Predictors of mortality among sepsis patients transferred from a rural, low-volume ED to an urban, high-volume hospital.

Introduction: We investigated the extent to which demographic characteristics, clinical care aspects, and relevant biomarkers predicted sepsis-related mortality among patients transferred from a rural, low-volume emergency department (ED) to an urban, high-volume, level-2 trauma center.

Methods: We conducted an observational study among adult severe sepsis patients (N = 242) who, within a community-based regional healthcare system, presented to one of the four rural, low-volume EDs and were subsequently transferred to the urban, high-volume, level-2 trauma center, and were identified as septic at either location. We evaluated in-hospital and 30 days after discharge mortality.

Daily executive functioning in adults with pediatric hemispherectomy.

Background And Aims: For young children with intractable epilepsy caused by congenital abnormalities or acquired cortical lesions, pediatric hemispherectomy surgery (pHS) may offer the only path to seizure remediation. Although some sensory and motor outcomes of pHS are highly predictable, the long-term cognitive and functional sequelae of pHS are far more variable. With the aim of identifying potential post-pHS intervention targets, the current study examined daily executive functioning and self-awareness in adults with pHS and broadly intact cognitive outcomes (indicated by average or above performance on intelligence tests).

Development, content validation and feasibility of a decision aid tool for the treatment of women with menopausal symptoms.

Introduction: Despite research supporting menopause hormonal therapy for menopausal women, its use continues to decline in most European countries and the United States. Experts highlighted the need for global assessment tools to assist clinicians in evaluating treatment for symptomatic menopausal women, which led to the development of the Menopause Treatment Tool, with separate versions for women and healthcare professionals. Both versions of the tool focus on menopausal symptoms, risk levels and suggested actions; the women's tool is administered prior to the consultation, while the clinician tool is administered by the clinician during the clinical consultation.

Characteristics of older patients undergoing major oncological surgery: Insights from the Geriatric Surgery Verification Program.

Introduction: Studies outlining the unique burden of geriatric medical conditions and syndromes among older adults undergoing major oncological surgery are lacking, along with understanding of the goals of care for this population.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a single-institutional review of the initial 50 patients who enrolled in the American College of Surgeons' Geriatric Surgery Verification Program (GSV) program implemented for those ≥65 years undergoing major oncological surgery during the year 2023. Patient variables were categorized into four domains - somatic, functional, psychological, and social.

Reconstructive techniques for chest and breast deformities in Poland syndrome: An up-to-date systematic review.

Background: Poland syndrome (PS) is a congenital abnormality defined as aplasia or hypoplasia of the unilateral pectoralis muscle and breast tissue that may be accompanied by limb or thoracic deformities. Reconstruction of deformities associated with PS is challenging owing to the spectrum of differences. We aimed to evaluate the trends in surgical management of chest and breast anatomical anomalies associated with PS.

Reduced GATA3 expression during breast cancer progression: A potential anchor for pulmonary metastatic deposition.

Estrogen receptor (ER) is a direct and reciprocal target gene for GATA3. Previous studies have shown that higher GATA3 expression in primary breast cancer (BC) is associated with a reduced probability of developing lung metastasis when compared to those with metastatic recurrence to other organs. Further, GATA3 downregulates several genes promoting BC lung metastasis and upregulates genes encoding known inhibitors of lung metastasis.

Potentialities and critical issues of liquid biopsy in clinical practice: An umbrella review.

Background: Liquid biopsy (LB) is a laboratory test performed on a fluid sample aiming at analyzing molecular data derived from circulating cells and related entities, or from nucleic acids. This umbrella review aims to map and evaluate the evidence supporting the use of LB in medicine across different medical specialities and conditions.

Methods: We searched three repositories from database inception up to October 1, 2023 and we included meta-analyses of observational studies reporting data on the use of LB, compared to gold standard, and its accuracy (area under the curve, AUC).

The saccade target is prioritized for visual stability in naturalistic scenes.

The present study investigated the mechanisms of visual stability using naturalistic scene images. In two experiments, we asked whether the visual system relies on spatial location of the saccade target, as previously found with simple dot stimuli, or relational positions of the objects in the scene during visual stability decisions. Using a modified version of the saccadic suppression of displacement task, we manipulated the information that is displaced in the scene as well as visual stability using intrasaccadic target blanking paradigm.

Association between homelessness and PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men: Results from the American Men's Internet Survey, 2017-2021.

Background: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are disproportionately affected by housing insecurity across the US. This study examined the association between homelessness and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among GBMSM in the United States and investigated the modifying effect of injection drug use.

Methods: 47,750 cisgender GBMSM who participated in the American Men's Internet Survey from 2017 to 2021 and who self-reported not living with HIV were included in this secondary, cross-sectional analysis.

Pain severity contributes to worse outcomes in opioid use disorder recovery than pain status.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) continues to pose a significant challenge to public health in the United States. Chronic pain and OUD are highly comorbid conditions, yet few studies have examined the relative associations of pain status and severity toward multidimensional OUD recovery outcomes (e.g.