AshPhos Ligand: Facilitating Challenging Aminations in Five- and Six-Membered Heteroaryl Halides Using Cyclic Secondary and Bulky Amines.

Our newly developed AshPhos ligand represents a significant advancement in Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, overcoming many limitations of existing ligands. Created from affordable and accessible materials, AshPhos enhances catalytic performance, especially for extremely difficult substrates, by emphasizing the principles of ligand chelation and cooperativity. Its successful synthesis and application in catalytic aminations underscore its potential for use in the sustainable synthesis of compounds important to medicinal chemistry, materials, and energy.

Molecular Basis for Short-Chain Thioester Hydrolysis by Acyl Hydrolases in -Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases.

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multidomain enzymatic assembly lines that biosynthesize a wide selection of bioactive natural products from simple building blocks. In contrast to their -acyltransferase (AT) counterparts, -AT PKSs rely on stand-alone ATs to load extender units onto acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains embedded in the core PKS machinery. -AT PKS gene clusters also encode stand-alone acyl hydrolases (AHs), which are predicted to share the overall fold of ATs but function like type II thioesterases (TEs), hydrolyzing aberrant acyl chains from ACP domains to promote biosynthetic efficiency.

My Bad, You Got This: witnessing, therapist attitude and the synergy between psychedelics and inner healing intelligence in the treatment of trauma.

The MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) sponsored MDMA-assisted therapy protocol has had greater success in treating trauma in preliminary clinical trials than any prior psychotherapeutic, pharmacologic, or combined approach. It is predicated on a synergy between drug action and the participant's inner healing intelligence. The latter is described mainly by analogy with the body's capacity to heal itself, and the treatment is characterized as a means of activating or accessing this capacity.

Electrochemical Cycling of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers as a Sustainable Approach for Hydrogen Storage and Transportation.

Hydrogen (H), as a high-energy-density molecule, offers a clean solution to carry energy. However, the high diffusivity and low volumetric density of H pose a challenge for long-term storage and transportation. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have been suggested as a strategic way to store and transport hydrogen in stable molecules.

Reinforcing Bulk Heterojunction Morphology through Side Chain-Engineered Pyrrolopyrrole-1,3-dione Polymeric Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are attracting significant attention due to their low cost, lightweight, and flexible nature. The introduction of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has propelled OSC development into a transformative era. However, the limited availability of wide band gap polymer donors for NFAs poses a critical challenge, hindering further advancements.

Chloride Treatments Improve Zinc Telluride Absorbers for Photoelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction.

Utilizing sunlight for photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (PEC CO RR) is a carbon-neutral path to valuable liquid fuels. Higher quality photoabsorbers are needed to improve the efficiency of the PEC CO RR process. We show how the optoelectronic properties of sputtered ZnTe absorbers can be improved for this purpose via chloride treatments.

Evaluation of the Catalytic Effect of Metal Additives on the Performance of a Combined Battery and Electrolyzer System.

A low-cost method of green hydrogen production via the modification of a lead acid battery has been achieved, resulting in a hydrogen flow rate of 5.3 L min from a 20-cell string. The electrochemical behavior and catalytic effect of various metal additives on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry.

Investigating the Effects of Copper Impurity Deposition on the Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst Materials.

Electrolysis of impure water (such as seawater) has recently garnered research interest as it may enable hydrogen production at reduced costs. However, the tendency of impurity ions and other species to degrade electrocatalysts and membranes within an electrolyzer is a serious challenge. Here, we investigate the effects of copper impurities of varying concentrations on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using platinum electrocatalysts.

Diagnostic approach to limbal stem cell deficiency.

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is an important cause of visual and ocular morbidity. Effective diagnosis and management require a thoughtful and comprehensive evaluation of the ocular surface. This review describes the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and grading of LSCD, as well as characteristic findings via slit lamp examination, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), impression cytology, and OCT angiography.

Hantavirus antibody seroprevalence and risk factors among adults in West Kazakhstan, 2023.

Background: Orthohantaviruses (also known as hantaviruses) are pathogens, primarily transmitted by rodents, that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). In endemic regions of Kazakhstan, no confirmed HFRS cases were detected between 2020 and 2022 raising concerns about detection. Estimate antibody seroprevalence for hantaviruses and identify associated risk factors among high-risk adults in western Kazakhstan in 2023.

The adaptation process of a safety planning intervention to promote connectedness and reduce distress in Diné adolescents and adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Indigenous connectedness is an impetus for health, well-being, self-confidence, cultural preservation, and communal thriving. When this connectedness is disrupted, the beliefs, values, and ways of life that weave Indigenous communities together is threatened. In the Spring of 2020, the COVID-19 virus crept into Tribal Nations across the United States and exacerbated significant health-related and educational inequities.

Stepwise Chemical Reduction of [4]Cyclo[4]helicenylene: Stereo Transformation and Site-Selective Metal Complexation.

A highly strained macrocycle comprising four [4]helicene panels, [4]cyclo[4]helicenylene ([4]CH, ), was synthesized through a one-pot macrocyclization and chemically reduced by alkali metals (Na and K), revealing a four-electron reduction process. The resulting di-, tri-, and tetraanions of compound were isolated and crystallographically characterized by X-ray diffraction. Owing to the four axially chiral bi[4]helicenyl fragments, a reversible stereo transformation of between the (,,,)- and (,,,)-configurations was disclosed upon the two-electron uptake, which was rationally understood by theoretical calculations.

Social support from different sources and its relationship with stress in spaceflight analog environments.

While there is a large body of research on social support in traditional work settings, less is known about how the unique context of long-term isolation and confinement affects perceived social support. The purpose of our research was to examine how perceptions of social support change over time, how they differ by source (i.e.

"The Dollar Store Got It Going On": Understanding Food Shopping Patterns and Policy Preferences among Dollar Store Shoppers with Low Incomes.

Background: The growing dollar store sector has raised concerns about nutrition and associated health outcomes, especially for low-income communities who disproportionately rely on dollar stores. Perspectives of dollar store shoppers are largely absent.

Objective: This study aimed to understand why low-income shoppers choose to purchase food from dollar stores and what store changes, policies, and programs would make it easier for them to purchase healthier items.

The Effect of Daily Avocado Intake on Food and Nutrient Displacement in a Free-Living Population with Abdominal Obesity.

Background: Avocado intake has been associated with improvements in diet quality. Whether this response is because of avocado intake, , or combined with a food and/or nutrient displacement (D) has yet to be determined.

Objectives: This secondary analysis, conducted using dietary data from the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial, sought to assess the effect of consuming a large avocado (168 g, 281 kcal) daily in the avocado-supplemented diet (AD) group compared with the habitual diet (HD) group on food and nutrient D.

Subspecialties and Characteristics of Leadership Position in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Objectives: The composition of department leadership, notably the Department Chair and Program Director, plays a pivotal role in "Match" decision making and further residency training. This study aims to examine the current landscape of subspecialties and other demographic characteristics of the Department Chairs and Program Directors of orthopaedic surgery residency programs across the United States.

Methods: A list of Department Chairs and Program Directors of all 201 ACGME orthopaedic surgery residency programs was generated from the Orthopaedic Residency Information Network (ORIN) website.

Diversity Recruitment in Cardiovascular Specialties: Barriers and Opportunities in Postgraduate Training Programs.

Background: Diversity in postgraduate training programs can be increased through program-based recruitment strategies. Prospective applicants often examine website content to determine if training programs are inclusive and offer a good fit. Poor overlap between program director recruitment goals and program website content as a barrier to recruiting a diverse physician workforce has not extensively been studied.

Alteration of Lipid Metabolism in Hypoxic Cancer Cells.

Due to uncontrolled cell proliferation and disrupted vascularization, many cancer cells in solid tumors have limited oxygen supply. The hypoxic microenvironments of tumors lead to metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, contributing to therapy resistance and metastasis. To identify better targets for the effective removal of hypoxia-adaptive cancer cells, it is crucial to understand how cancer cells alter their metabolism in hypoxic conditions.

Line-Shifting Triarylmethyl Radicals for Imaging of Enzyme Activity Using Overhauser-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application to Alkaline Phosphatase.

Enzyme catalytic activities are critical biomarkers of tissue states under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the direct measurement and imaging of enzyme activity remains extremely challenging. We report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable triarylmethyl (TAM) radical substrate of alkaline phosphatase (TAM-ALPs).

Systematics of the complex, with evidence for 3 additional Afrotropical bat species.

Roughly a third of all horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae: ) are found in Africa, where a recent continent-wide genetic survey suggested the presence of both undescribed and apparently invalid species. Here, we focus on the species complex and the recent elevation of Peters, 1852, to species rank. That action created ambiguity in the taxonomy of East African members of the group-are both Martin, 1838, and sympatric in East Africa or is another, unnamed species present there? Here, we refine genetic, morphological, and behavioral characterizations of and its erstwhile synonyms with samples from the vicinity of their type localities.

Behavioral adaptation to seasonal resource scarcity by Caribou () and its role in partial migration.

Animals living in seasonal environments have adopted a wide array of tactics used to deal with seasonal resource scarcity. Many species migrate between habitats to reach areas where food resources are more plentiful as an attempt to address energetic demands through foraging. We assessed the winter behavioral adaptations of Caribou (), a large ungulate inhabiting Arctic and sub-Arctic regions known for seasonal resource scarcity.

Prolonged pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, challenges in diagnosis and treatment in a child with hyper IgM syndrome in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: a case report.

Hyper immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndromes are a collection of uncommon primary combined immunodeficiency disorders. They are characterized by recurrent bacterial infections due to low levels of IgG, IgA, and IgE, while IgM levels remain normal or high. These conditions stem from a mutation in the CD40 ligand gene or disruptions in the CD40-signaling pathway.

Open mesh repair of an iatrogenic post-nephrectomy Bochdalek hernia in an adult: a case study.

Bochdalek hernias arise from a developmental failure of the pleuroperitoneal canal to close, allowing abdominal contents to herniate into the thorax and compress the developing lung parenchyma. In rare cases, Bochdalek hernias may arise in adults and usually present with symptoms related to the hernia. Treatment consists of either open, laparoscopic, or robotic repair to close the defect.