The association between working hours and working type with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the NHANES 1999-2014.

Background: Previous research has indicated that long working hours are connected to a variety of health conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this association which has been observed in more population is limited. Our research is designed to evaluate the association between working hours, working type, and NAFLD.

Non-high-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its association with infertility in U.S. women: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (NHHR) and infertility in US female adults aged 20 to 45.

Methods: Our research team utilized data from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between NHHR and infertility, with trend tests providing additional insight into this relationship.

Trends in anterior shoulder instability procedures over the last decade in the United States.

Background: The treatment algorithm for traumatic shoulder instability has evolved, emphasizing the significance of glenoid bone loss and the glenoid track, addressing humeral, and glenoid vault bone deficiencies. This study examines trends and demographics of anterior shoulder instability procedures in the United States from 2010 to 2020.

Methods: PearlDiver database was queried for patients who underwent traumatic anterior shoulder instability procedures.

International medical graduates representation in pathology academic workforce, departmental leadership and society leadership.

Compared with the overall physician workforce, pathologist workforce in the United States has significant representation of international medical graduates (IMGs). IMG representation in the academic pathology workforce, as well as in departmental and pathology societal leadership, has not been documented. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed a sample of 20 North American academic pathology departmental publicly available websites.

Alaska's Flora as a Treatment for Cancer.

Cancer is an extraordinarily complex illness, with many tumors ultimately developing resistance to the currently available therapeutics. This highlights a need for the discovery of new anticancer medicines. Natural products have been utilized for centuries by the indigenous people of Alaska for both spiritual and medicinal purposes and have traditionally been administered as medicine for a wide range of ailments from the common cold to cancer.

Association of safer smoking supply distribution with participant encounters and naloxone distribution from syringe services programs: Findings from the National Survey of Syringe Services Programs in the United States.

Background: In response to the recent and growing shift from injecting heroin to smoking fentanyl, an increasing number of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the United States are distributing safer smoking supplies. There is a lack of research on whether safer smoking supply distribution is associated with increased SSP engagement and naloxone distribution from SSPs. Therefore, we aimed to assess predictors of safer smoking supply distribution by SSPs and estimate associations between safer smoking supply distribution and scale of harm reduction services.

A Deep Learning Framework for Automated Classification and Archiving of Orthodontic Diagnostic Documents.

Background Orthodontic diagnostic workflows often rely on manual classification and archiving of large volumes of patient images, a process that is both time-consuming and prone to errors such as mislabeling and incomplete documentation. These challenges can compromise treatment accuracy and overall patient care. To address these issues, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven deep learning framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automate the classification and archiving of orthodontic diagnostic images.

Reducing Postbreast Reconstruction Infection Rates: Our Journey to Achieving Low Postoperative Infection Outcomes.

Introduction: Breast surgeries are classified as clean procedures associated with a lower risk of post-operative infections; however, the reported infection rates post-breast surgeries are still significantly high. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are indeed one of the most common and serious complications following breast surgery.

Methodology: A retrospective study assessed the rate of SSIs post-breast reconstructive surgery after the implementation of the infection control protocol at James Cook University Hospital and Friarage Hospital from December 2022 to June 2024.

A protein corona modulates the function of mineralization-competent matrix vesicles.

Mineralizing cells release a special class of extracellular vesicles known as matrix vesicles (MV), crucial for bone mineralization. Following their release, MV anchor to the extracellular matrix (ECM), where their highly specialized enzymatic machinery facilitates the formation of seed mineral within the MV's lumen, subsequently releasing it onto the ECM. However, how MV propagate mineral onto the collagenous ECM remains unclear.

Advances in gastrointestinal vascular bleeding disorders: Successful sirolimus treatment in colonic angioectasia.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) vascular bleeding disorders pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex pathogenesis and varied treatment responses. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, optimal management strategies remain elusive, necessitating further research.

Aim: To assess research trends and clinical advancements in GI vascular bleeding disorders, highlighting key themes and therapeutic progress.

Emotion recognition deficits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive meta-analysis of accuracy and response time.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Emotion recognition deficits are a core feature of ASD, impairing social functioning and quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluates emotion recognition accuracy and response time in individuals with autism spectrum disorder compared to neurotypical individuals and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Implementing Food as Medicine During COVID-19: Produce Prescriptions and Integrative Group Medical Visits in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Background: Food as Medicine is a rapidly developing area of health care in the United States, aimed at concurrently addressing nutrition-sensitive chronic conditions and food and nutrition insecurity. Recipe4Health (R4H) is a Food as Medicine program with an integrative health equity focus. It provides prescriptions for locally grown produce ('Food Farmacy') with or without integrative group medical visits, alongside training for clinic staff.

Effective and Engaging Active Learning in the Medical School Classroom: Lessons from Case-Based Collaborative Learning.

Large group collaborative teaching approaches are rapidly gaining popularity in undergraduate medical education. The case-based collaborative Learning (CBCL) pedagogy was instituted for pre-clerkship teaching at Harvard Medical School in 2015 with subsequent implementation at other medical schools. CBCL emphasizes inductive reasoning, integrates basic and clinical sciences, stimulates curiosity, and fosters teamwork.

Trends of Representation of Women in Professional Medical Societal Leadership in the United States and Europe.

Background: There continue to be significant gender disparities with women being underrepresented in medical professional society leadership roles, despite more women entering medical school.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of representation of women in medical society presidential positions in the United States and Europe over the past 50 years. It further examines gender-related trends in the field of cardiology and among medical trainees.

The mCHEST Score for Incident Atrial Fibrillation: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

Background: Assessing individuals' risk of developing incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is important for making preventive and screening strategies.

Objectives: The performance of the mCHEST score for predicting incident AF has scarcely been evaluated, especially in a multi-ethnic population.

Methods: Participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were enrolled in the present study, which involved population of different ethnicities (Caucasian, African-American, Chinese-American, and Hispanic) aged between 45 and 84 from 6 communities in the United States.

MEPFeatX-automated feature extraction of motor-evoked potentials in transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are an important measure in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) when assessing neuronal excitability in clinical diagnostics related to motor function, as well as in neuroscience research. However, manual feature extraction from large datasets can be time-consuming and prone to human error, and valuable features, such as MEP polyphasia and duration, are often neglected. Several packages have been developed to simplify the process; however, they are often tailored to specific studies or are not accessible.

Peptide Crosslinking by a Class of Plant Copper Enzymes.

BURP domain peptide cyclases, or BpCs (an abbreviation we recommend in this opinion), are an emerging class of copper enzymes which catalyze the oxidative macrocyclization of peptides in plants. A close examination of their novel protein fold, along with the unique dicopper active site that meticulously controls crosslinking within peptides, highlights how nature exploits intricate mechanistic strategies to achieve diverse functionalities. Here, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the sequence, structure, function, and proposed chemistry of BpCs.

The impact of preoperative venous thromboembolism on patients undergoing TURBT: Perioperative outcomes and healthcare costs from US insurance claims data.

Objectives: To assess the impact of a positive history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on perioperative outcomes, including length of in-hospital stay, readmission rates, 90-day postoperative complications, and healthcare costs in bladder cancer (BCa) patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) in the United States.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with a BCa diagnosis undergoing TURBT were identified in the Merative® Marketscan® Research de-identified databases between 2007 and 2021. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted by relevant perioperative confounders was used to investigate the association between diagnosis of VTE before TURBT and 90-day complication rates, new postoperative VTE events, re-hospitalization, and total hospital expenditures (2021 US dollars).

Outcomes following intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA in a national cohort of nursing home residents.

Objectives: To determine predictors of treatment success and complications following intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections among a large cohort of nursing home (NH) residents, representing one of the most frail and vulnerable populations in the United States.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of long-stay NH residents who underwent onabotulinumtoxinA injections between 2014 and 2016. Residents were identified using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) linked to Medicare claims.

COVID-19 Stress is Associated with Increased Smoking among People with HIV in Western Washington: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: People living with HIV (PWH) frequently have co-morbid substance use disorders that may have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined associations between COVID-related stress and increased substance use among PWH in Washington State.

Methods: Between August 2020 and March 2021, we conducted an online survey of 397 PWH in Western Washington.

Ocular surface disease related to tisotumab vedotin-tftv.

Introduction: To report a series of patients who developed ocular surface disease related to tisotumab vedotin-tftv (TV), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective chart review study of patients who developed ocular surface disease related to TV between April 1st, 2022 to August 31st, 2023.

Results: Five patients were identified who developed ocular surface disease while on TV.