Adverse event profile of crizotinib in real-world from the FAERS database: a 12-year pharmacovigilance study.

Aim: Crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI). It gained approval from the U.S.

Understanding the mechanism behind preoperative exercise therapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Background: There is a gap in knowledge regarding the utility of preoperative exercise (PEx) among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery and how PEx impacts surgical outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate the mechanism behind PEx among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery for GI cancer through a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: This was a single center RCT conducted at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Screening of historical and current Upland and Pima cotton germplasm for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani.

Objective: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani is an important seedling pathogen to many plant hosts including cotton (Gossypium). For multiple annual crops there have been relatively few screenings of germplasm conducted to identify potential sources of resistance to R. solani, and for cotton we have not been able to identify any recent germplasm screenings for resistance to this seedling pathogen.

Retrospective assessment of clinical global impression of severity and change in GM1 gangliosidosis: a tool to score natural history data in rare disease cohorts.

Background: Clinical trials for rare diseases pose unique challenges warranting alternative approaches in demonstrating treatment efficacy. Such trials face challenges including small patient populations, variable onset of symptoms and rate of disease progression, and ethical considerations, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we present the retrospective clinical global impression (RCGI) severity and change (RCGI-S/C) scale on 27 patients with GM1 gangliosidosis, a post hoc clinician-rated outcome measure to evaluate natural history study participants as historical controls for comparisons with treated patients in a clinical trial.

Recent HIV testing and self-reported HIV prevalence among men who inject drugs in Afghanistan: a nationwide survey in 2019-2020.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) remain at high risk for HIV in many countries, including Afghanistan. Previous reports on HIV testing and prevalence in Afghanistan were published in 2012. This study assessed recent HIV testing and self-reported HIV prevalence among male PWID in Afghanistan from 2019 to 2020.

Initial self-reported data on sleep and burnout in pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine: an initiative from the Assembly on Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology of the American Thoracic Society.

Rationale: Health worker burnout has reached crisis proportions, threatening workforce sustainability. Limited data exist on the burden of burnout in pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine (PCCSM), a high-demand and strained specialty.

Objective: At the Assembly of Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology of the American Thoracic Society, we aimed to gather exploratory data on burnout in this group.

Identifying mechanisms by which social determinants of health impact TB diagnostic evaluation uptake in Uganda: a qualitative study.

Background: Social and structural determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with tuberculosis (TB) outcomes but often unaddressed in TB care programs. We sought to describe the mechanism by which SDoH impact completion of TB diagnostic evaluation in Uganda using an implementation science framework rooted in behavioral theory.

Methods: Trained research staff interviewed 24 purposively sampled adults undergoing TB diagnostic evaluation at six community health centers in Uganda between February-August 2019.

Global Burden of substance use disorders among adolescents during 1990-2021 and a forecast for 2022-2030: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Background: Despite the increasing attention paid to adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD), the financial investment does not appear to align with the escalating demand for its prevention and treatment services. This study aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the burden of SUD among adolescents globally, regionally, and nationally over the last 32 years.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we concentrated on adolescents aged 10 to 24 years with SUD.

Volvamos Juntos: evaluation of the implementation of a Social Health Intervention to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 in businesses in Antofagasta, Chile.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact not only on healthcare but also on labor and socioeconomic sectors worldwide, leading to the development of strategies to mitigate the crisis' widespread repercussions. In Antofagasta, Chile, an innovation project entitled Volvamos Juntos ("Let's Return Together") was developed to support a diverse group of micro and small businesses. The project consisted of accompanying companies in the process of reopening safely and included interventions ranging from educating and testing employees for COVID-19 to developing protocols to avoid contagion and other preventive measures.

Predictive validity evidence of Yes-No Angoff standard setting in a Pre-Clinical medical school curriculum.

Background: Standard setting plays a critical role in determining student outcomes by defining the level of biomedical knowledge required to be considered competent. This is especially important for accurately classifying medical students as ready (or not) to progress through the pre-clinical curriculum. In multiple-choice medical knowledge exams, the Yes-No Angoff method may be used for setting passing scores.

"There is no need to leave the beach to test": a qualitative study of HIV self-testing knowledge and acceptability of HIV self-test kit distribution among social networks of fishermen in Western Kenya.

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) can improve HIV testing uptake by offering convenience and privacy. Yet HIVST accessibility and uptake remain limited in Lake Victoria beach communities where HIVST holds promise to address many barriers highly mobile populations of men in fishing communities face. We assessed HIVST knowledge and acceptability among highly mobile fishermen, a high priority population for HIV prevention and treatment, participating in a social network-based study ("Owete"; NCT04772469) to promote HIV testing, prevention, and treatment in Kenya.

The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with post-stroke depression: NHANES 2005-2018.

Background: Growing evidence indicates a link between insulin resistance and post-stroke depression (PSD). This study employed the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index as a measure of insulin resistance to investigate its relationship with PSD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018).

Visual impairment predicts greater declines in physical performance over time: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.

Background: Poor vision has been associated with physical dysfunction and falls in older adults, but it is not known whether particular types of visual impairment (VI) may predict greater rates of decline in mobility over time in older adults.

Methods: Multi-center longitudinal cohort study of 2219 older adults (mean age = 75.5 years; 52.

Hemorrhage risk associated with triple antithrombotic therapy: a focused real-world pharmacovigilance disproportional analysis study.

Background: Triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT), combining dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with oral anticoagulants, is commonly used in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation following acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention. However, TAT may increase the risk of hemorrhage. There is a dearth of data regarding the risks of bleeding with various oral anticoagulants in TAT in comparison with DAPT and individual anticoagulants and antiplatelets due to which we carried out the present study examining the real-world pharmacovigilance data.

Extreme geographic misalignment of healthcare resources and HIV treatment deserts in Malawi.

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS has proposed that human rights should be at the center of efforts to end the HIV pandemic and achieving equity in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV healthcare is essential. Here we present a geospatial and geostatistical modeling framework for conducting, at the national level, an equity evaluation of access to ART. We apply our framework to Malawi, where HIV prevalence is ~9%.

MHC-I upregulation by macbecin II in the solid tumors potentiates the effect of active immunotherapy.

We aimed to restore MHC-I expression on the surface of solid tumors including breast cancer and melanoma cells to regain sensitivity to immunotherapy and suppress metastatic progression. We screened a natural compound library and identified macbecin II as a reagent that upregulates MHC-I expression and induces antigen-dependent cell death in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancer models. Furthermore, we employed active immunotherapy using engineered small extracellular vesicles from dendritic cells (DCs) as a tumor vaccine (IL2-ep13nsEV) in combination with macbecin II for personalized breast cancer treatment.

Research on the disaster mechanism and control technology of large section high waste dump slope in open pit mines.

An important part of open-pit mining is the waste dump, where the topsoil and rocks extracted during open-pit excavation are discharged, mainly including the upper waste material and the base that carries the waste material below. Most of the external dumping sites are directly dumped on the initial surface, occupying a large area. According to the survey, the area of soil dumping sites in mining sites in countries such as the United States and Russia has reached more than half of the total mining area.

University students describe how they adopt AI for writing and research in a general education course.

University students have begun to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many different ways in their undergraduate education, some beneficial to their learning, and some simply expedient to completing assignments with as little work as possible. This exploratory qualitative study examines how undergraduate students used AI in a large General Education course on sustainability and technology at a research university in the United States in 2023. Thirty-nine students documented their use of AI in their final course project, which involved analyzing conceptual networks connecting core sustainability concepts.

Functional and molecular single-cell analyses implicate PRDM14 in the initiation of B cell leukemia in mice.

The transcription factor Prdm14 is a potent oncogene implicated in the initiation of many cancers. PRDM14 resets and maintains the pluripotent state in normal cells, but the molecular mechanisms through which PRDM14 drives oncogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we interrogated the heterogeneity of Prdm14-expressing cells in a T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma mouse model.

Association between C-reactive protein and hemoglobin in US rheumatoid arthritis patients based on NHANES data analysis.

The poor prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its potential for complications highlight the importance of understanding factors that are associated with incidence and mortality rates. The inclusion criteria of this study were RA-related data from 1999 to 2018 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Based on certain screening criteria, a total of 610 subjects were recruited.

Superior replication, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of a Texas dairy cattle H5N1 virus compared to a historical avian isolate.

The current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype clade 2.3.4.

High-fidelity remote entanglement of trapped atoms mediated by time-bin photons.

Photonic interconnects between quantum processing nodes are likely the only way to achieve large-scale quantum computers and networks. The bottleneck in such an architecture is the interface between well-isolated quantum memories and flying photons. We establish high-fidelity entanglement between remotely separated trapped atomic qubit memories, mediated by photonic qubits stored in the timing of their pulses.

Photoredox/Pyridine -Oxide Catalyzed Carbohydroxylation and Aminohydroxylation of α-Olefins.

Regioselective carbohydroxylation and aminohydroxylation of α-olefins were developed by a photoredox catalyst and pyridine -oxide. This approach offers the catalytic and direct conversion of unactivated alkenes to a series of primary alcohols, including those bearing β-quaternary carbon centers and β-amino alcohols. The regioselective difunctionalization is enabled by the radical addition of α-olefin from the pyridine -oxy radical, which is generated from readily available pyridine -oxide via photoredox catalyzed single-electron oxidation.

The need for epistemic humility in AI-assisted pain assessment.

It has been difficult historically for physicians, patients, and philosophers alike to quantify pain given that pain is commonly understood as an individual and subjective experience. The process of measuring and diagnosing pain is often a fraught and complicated process. New developments in diagnostic technologies assisted by artificial intelligence promise more accurate and efficient diagnosis for patients, but these tools are known to reproduce and further entrench existing issues within the healthcare system, such as poor patient treatment and the replication of systemic biases.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologics: Current Practice, Challenges and Opportunities - a Workshop Report.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for dose modification of biologics has the potential to improve patient outcomes. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) hosted the first US-based public workshop on TDM of biologics with contributions from a broad array of interested parties including healthcare providers, clinical pharmacologists, test developers, bioanalysis and immunogenicity scientists, health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) experts and regulators. The key insight was that despite a body of evidence to support TDM in certain therapeutic areas, there remain substantial challenges to widespread clinical implementation.