5,313 results match your criteria: "United Kingdom CC; and UCL Institute of Child Health[Affiliation]"

Venous Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Implicates METAP1 in Preeclampsia.

Circ Res

January 2025

Cardiovascular Research Center (C.C., P.X., Z.Y., Y.S., E.S.L., J.D.R., M.C.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains incompletely understood. This study used human venous endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional profiling to investigate potential novel mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in preeclampsia.

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Therapeutic and mechanistic advances in chronic cough.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

December 2024

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Cough is one of the most common reasons patients seek medical care in the outpatient setting. Chronic cough (CC) in adults is defined as a cough lasting more than 8 weeks, with a global prevalence of approximately 10%. CC significantly impairs quality of life, affecting physical, social, and psychological well-being.

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Structural violence - related to 'isms' like racism, sexism, and ableism - pertains to the ways in which social institutions harm certain groups. Such violence is critical to institutional indifference to the plight of ethnic minority people living with long-term health conditions. With only emergent literature on the lived experiences of ethnic minorities with Long Covid, we sought to investigate experiences around the interplay of illness and structural vulnerabilities.

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Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is an autoimmune condition which causes significant morbidity in children and young adults and is more severe in its presentation than adult-onset SLE. While many aspects of immune dysfunction have been studied extensively in adult-onset SLE, there is limited and contradictory evidence of how cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis and studies exploring cytotoxicity in JSLE are virtually non-existent. Here, we report that CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity is reduced in JSLE versus healthy controls, irrespective of treatment or disease activity.

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Introduction: Incontinence is commonly experienced by adults who receive care support in a residential facility or in their own home. These individuals are at risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), which is caused by prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to urine or faeces. An IAD manual was developed providing an evidence-based clinical algorithm and an e-learning training programme for the prevention and treatment of IAD.

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The McMaster Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Summit, held on October 27, 2023, was an educational seminar from leading experts in immune thrombocytopenia and related disorders geared toward hematologists, internists, immunologists, and clinical and translational scientists. The focus of the Summit was to review the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of primary versus secondary ITP. Specific objectives were to describe the unique features of secondary ITP, and to review its mechanisms in the context of autoimmune disease and infection.

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H and P MR Spectroscopy to Assess Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Long COVID.

Radiology

December 2024

From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK (L.E.M.F., M.P.C., M.J., A.S., Z.A., S.N., D.J.T., B.R., L.V.); Oncology and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (A.S.); Axcella Therapeutics, Cambridge, Mass (K.A.); and Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (L.V.).

Background Emerging evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the fatigue experienced by individuals with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), commonly called long COVID, which can be assessed using MR spectroscopy. Purpose To compare mitochondrial function between participants with fatigue-predominant PCC and healthy control participants using MR spectroscopy, and to investigate the relationship between MR spectroscopic parameters and fatigue using the 11-item Chalder fatigue questionnaire. Materials and Methods This prospective, observational, single-center study (June 2021 to January 2024) included participants with PCC who reported moderate to severe fatigue, with normal blood test and echocardiographic results, alongside control participants without fatigue symptoms.

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Assessing Lung Ventilation and Bronchodilator Response in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with F MRI.

Radiology

December 2024

From the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (B.J.P., M.A.N., C.W.H., A.J.S., P.E.T.); Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Health Innovation Neighbourhood, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom (B.J.P., M.A.N., C.W.H., P.E.T.); Pulmonary, Lung and Respiratory Imaging Sheffield, Section of Medical Imaging and Technologies, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.M.M., J.M.W.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.F.); Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.A.L.); Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (H.F.F., J.N.S.M.); and Insigneo Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.M.W.).

Background Pulmonary function tests are central to diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases but do not provide information on regional lung function heterogeneity. Fluorine 19 (F) MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane permits quantitative and spatially localized assessment of pulmonary ventilation properties without tracer gas hyperpolarization. Purpose To assess regional lung ventilation properties using F MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane in participants with asthma, participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy participants, including quantitative evaluation of bronchodilator response in participants with respiratory disease.

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Stearic acid-capped mesoporous silica microparticles as novel needle-like-structured drug delivery carriers.

Eur J Pharm Biopharm

February 2025

School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Mesoporous silica are widely utilised as drug carriers due to their large pore volume and surface area, which facilitate effective loading. Additionally, they can be used to enhance drugs stability and protect against enzymatic degradation due to their silica framework. However, without the addition of a capping material, the loaded cargo may be prematurely released before reaching the target site.

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Cardiac catheterization in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Tips and tricks to enhance diagnosis and guide therapy.

Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis

September 2024

Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Cardiac catheterization (CC) is essential for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and for its characterisation. It allows distinction between pre- and post-capillary PH which, when integrated with other non-invasive data, facilitates classification into one of the 5 diagnostic groups defined by international PH guidelines. CC also provides valuable information for the risk stratification of patients with PH, guiding management and the type and intensity of treatment.

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Background: Depression treatments aim to minimize symptom burden and optimize quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial function.

Objective: Compare the effects of adjunctive versus sham vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on QoL and function in markedly treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 493 adults with TRD and ≥4 adequate but unsuccessful antidepressant treatment trials (current episode) were randomized to active (n = 249) or sham (n = 244) VNS (plus treatment as usual) over a 12-month observation period.

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One Health Approach of Enterococcal Population Structure and Antibacterial Resistance Along the Food Chain - Four PLADs, China, 2015-2022.

China CDC Wkly

November 2024

NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.

Introduction: Enterococci are considered opportunistic pathogens. However, they can serve as a reservoir of antibacterial resistance (ABR) traits and transfer these to humans through the food chain.

Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing were used to characterize the ABR and population structure of 488 enterococcal isolates recovered along the food chain from four provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China.

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Background: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is integral to health research. Reporting of PPIE methods and impact is becoming increasingly common in health research. However, reporting on PPIE in studies using large, routinely collected electronic health record data sets is less common.

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Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a rare cell population that is responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Despite this, the mechanism by which BCSCs withstand genotoxic stress is largely unknown. Here, we uncover a pivotal role for the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 in mediating BCSC chemoresistance by modulating DNA repair efficiency.

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Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

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A Machine Learning Model to Harmonize Volumetric Brain MRI Data for Quantitative Neuroradiologic Assessment of Alzheimer Disease.

Radiol Artif Intell

January 2025

From the Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni 4, Brescia 25125, Italy (D.A., A.R.); Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.V., W.M.v.d.F., B.M.T.); Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.V., W.M.v.d.F., B.M.T.); Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (B.W., T.A., Z.V.); Biomatics and Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary (B.W.); The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Australia (P.B.); School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom (T.A.); Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (S.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.M.v.d.F.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom (F.B.); and UCL Hawkes Institute, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.B., D.C.A., A.A., N.P.O.).

Purpose To extend a previously developed machine learning algorithm for harmonizing brain volumetric data of individuals undergoing neuroradiologic assessment of Alzheimer disease not encountered during model training. Materials and Methods Neuroharmony is a recently developed method that uses image quality metrics as predictors to remove scanner-related effects in brain-volumetric data using random forest regression. To account for the interactions between Alzheimer disease pathology and image quality metrics during harmonization, the authors developed a multiclass extension of Neuroharmony for individuals with and without cognitive impairment.

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Background: Few data are available about the impact of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and clinical complexity (CC).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study utilising data from the TriNetX network. Based on ICD-10-CM codes entered between 2020 and 2022, AF patients aged ≥75 years on long-term OAC with CC were categorised into two groups based on OAC use in the year before entering the study (maintained vs discontinued).

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Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such as annihilation of dark matter particles. We present a high-statistics measurement of the spectrum of CRe candidate events from 0.3 to 40 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, covering 2 orders of magnitude in energy and reaching a proton rejection power of better than 10^{4}.

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Discovery and adaptation of microbes that degrade oxidized low-density polyethylene films.

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

January 2024

Department of Environmental System Biology, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Unlabelled: There is a growing interest in developing a methodology for effectively cleaving carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds in polymer backbones through bioconversion processes that utilize microorganisms and their enzymes. This upsurge of interest is driven by the goal of achieving a circular economy. Polyolefin post-consumer plastics are a substantial source of carbon, but the recycling potential is severely limited.

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ESC Guidelines provide best practice, evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is not always possible for best practices to be followed, however, particularly in low-resource settings. To address this issue, a set of guideline-related documents were created to identify key priorities for users in these settings.

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Daratumumab or Active Monitoring for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma.

N Engl J Med

December 2024

From Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (M.A.D.); Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Charlotte, NC (P.M.V.); Oslo Myeloma Center, Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (F.S.); Tel-Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.C.C.); Clínica Medica São Germano, São Paulo (V.H.); Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (I. Sandhu); Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, United Kingdom (J.L.); Perth Blood Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia (R.I.B.); Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo (K.S.); Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki City, Japan (H.K.); Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands (M.-D.L.); Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (M.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (K.S.-G.); Institut Català d'Oncologia and Institut Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona (A.O.); South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute for Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (G.M.); Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires (G.G.); Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (K.T.); Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (I. Spicka); Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (A.K.M.); SSD Clinical Trials in Oncol-ematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (S.B.); Medical Unit Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm (K.U.); Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (E.M.); University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle (A.J.C.); University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France (P.M.); University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, and Cancer Research Center, IBMCC, Salamanca, Spain (M.-V.M.); GMMG Study Group at University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg, Germany (H.G.); Genmab US, Plainsboro, NJ (T.A.); Janssen Research and Development, Shanghai, China (L.S., L.L.); Janssen Scientific Affairs, Horsham, PA (A.C.); Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (E.G.K., R.M.D.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (E.R.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (R.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.V.R.).

Background: Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Data are needed regarding the use of daratumumab for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma, a precursor disease of active multiple myeloma for which no treatments have been approved.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma to receive either subcutaneous daratumumab monotherapy or active monitoring.

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Background And Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem affecting between 10% and 15% of the Spanish population. The lack of updated projections of the evolution of the disease burden hinders the development of evidence-based health policies and interventions to optimise the management of the disease and prevent its progression. The aim of this study is to project the evolution of the clinical and economic burden of CKD in Spain between 2022 and 2027.

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Driven by the extensive implementation of information communication technology, collaborative consumption has become more popular. Historically, people have always thought that the best way to get something is to obtain the ownership of it. However, collaborative consumption has recently seen a meteoric rise in popularity due to that obtaining the right to use rather than own.

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Visualizing the Li distribution in an all-solid-state battery composite electrode using combined plasma focused-ion beam microscopy and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy.

Micron

November 2024

Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom; The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 ORA, United Kingdom.

Article Synopsis
  • - The all-solid-state battery (ASSB) featuring a lithium (Li) metal anode offers significantly higher energy density and improved safety compared to traditional Li-ion batteries, but it relies on efficient lithium movement through a solid electrolyte and composite cathode.
  • - Current lab techniques lack the ability to visualize lithium distributions at both the particle and electrode levels, limiting the understanding of lithium dynamics in ASSBs.
  • - The study introduces a novel method that combines plasma-focused ion beam milling, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry to create high-resolution 3D maps of electrode elements, enabling better insights into the microstructure's influence on ASSB performance.
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