A systematic review of enrolment criteria and treatment efficacy for microvascular angina.

Background: Microvascular angina (MVA) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Despite improvements in its recognition and diagnosis, uncertainty remains around the most effective treatment strategy, and more data are needed.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the quality of patient selection in treatment studies of MVA and provide a contemporary overview of the evidence base for the treatment of MVA.

High-risk percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction deemed not suitable for surgical revascularisation. A clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) in collaboration with the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery.

This clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions was developed in association with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery. It aims to define procedural and contemporary technical requirements that may improve the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), both in the acute phase and at long-term follow-up, in a high-risk cohort of patients on optimal medical therapy when clinical and anatomical high-risk criteria are present that entail unacceptable surgical risks, precluding the feasibility of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This document pertains to patients with surgical contraindication according to the Heart Team, in whom medical therapy has failed (e.

Yerba mate () genome provides new insights into convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis.

Yerba mate (YM, ) is an economically important crop marketed for the elaboration of mate, the third-most widely consumed caffeine-containing infusion worldwide. Here, we report the first genome assembly of this species, which has a total length of 1.06 Gb and contains 53,390 protein-coding genes.

Developing an adaptive paediatric intensive care unit platform trial with key stakeholders: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Platform trials were used successfully in adult populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. By testing multiple treatments within a single trial, platform trials can help identify the most effective treatments (and any interactions between treatments) for patients more quickly and with less burden for patients and their families. The aim of this qualitative research was to inform the design of the first adaptive platform trial for paediatric intensive care in the UK with young people, parents/carers and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff.

Multimorbidity clusters and their associations with health-related quality of life in two UK cohorts.

Background: Identifying clusters of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, and their associated burden may facilitate the development of effective and cost-effective targeted healthcare strategies. This study aimed to identify clusters of MLTCs and their associations with long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in two UK population-based cohorts.

Methods: Age-stratified clusters of MLTCs were identified at baseline in UK Biobank (n = 502,363, 54.

Advancing Delirium Treatment Trials in Older Adults: Recommendations for Future Trials From the Network for Investigation of Delirium: Unifying Scientists (NIDUS).

Objectives: To summarize the delirium treatment trial literature, identify the unique challenges in delirium treatment trials, and formulate recommendations to address each in older adults.

Design: A 39-member interprofessional and international expert working group of clinicians (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) and nonclinicians (biostatisticians, epidemiologists, and trial methodologists) was convened. Four expert panels were assembled to explore key subtopics (pharmacological/nonpharmacologic treatment, methodological challenges, and novel research designs).

Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing medical artificial intelligence, offering revolutionary changes in health care. These models excel in natural language processing (NLP), enhancing clinical support, diagnosis, treatment, and medical research. Breakthroughs, like GPT-4 and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer), demonstrate LLMs' evolution through improved computing power and data.

A Systematic Review of Sports-Related Concussion Education Programs: Design, Outcomes, and Recommendations.

Objective: This systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the main design features of sport-related concussion (SRC) education programs, examine their outcomes, and consider the relationship between design and effectiveness.

Design: Systematic review.

Main Outcome Measures: Studies which report on educational interventions (a dedicated in-person or online teaching session) that purport to change knowledge, attitudes, and/or behavior toward sports-related concussion.

A thematic analysis of UK COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy discussions on Twitter.

Background: Following UK approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on 2/12/20 and 30/12/20 respectively, discussions about them emerged on the social media platform Twitter, (now 'X'). Previous research has shown that Twitter/ X is used by the UK public to engage with public health announcements and that social media influences public opinions of vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, globally. This study explored discussions on Twitter posted in response to the UK government's posts introducing the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines.

Prognostic value of GLIM criteria including systemic inflammation in patients with advanced cancer.

An assessment of systemic inflammation and nutritional status may form the basis of a framework to examine the prognostic value of cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. The objective of the study was to examine the prognostic value of GLIM criteria, including body mass index (BMI), weight loss (WL) and systemic inflammation (mGPS), in advanced cancer patients. Three criteria were examined in a combined cohort of patients with advanced cancer and their relationship with survival was examined using Cox regression methods.

Somatic copy number deletion of chromosome 22q in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Deletion of the long q arm of chromosome 22 (22qDEL) is the most frequently identified recurrent somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Since its role in PTC is not fully understood, we conducted a pooled analysis of genomic characteristics and clinical correlates in 1094 primary tumors from four published PTC genomic studies. The majority of PTC with 22qDEL exhibited arm-level loss of heterozygosity (86%); nearly all PTC with 22qDEL had losses in 22q12 and 13, which together constitute 70% of the q arm.

Taking a partnership approach to embed physical activity in local policy and practice: a Bradford District case study.

Background: Supportive policy is an important component of a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity and reducing inequalities. There is a growing body of literature surrounding the design and effectiveness of national policy approaches to physical activity, but evidence related to local-level approaches is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine 'what works', and identify factors underpinning change, focused on work to embed physical activity in local policy and practice in Bradford, UK.

Changes and continuities in gambling careers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal qualitative study of regular sports bettors in Britain.

Background: To explore continuities and changes in gambling behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influenced these among a sample of regular sports bettors.

Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Sixteen sports bettors living in Britain took part in the first interviews in July-November 2020, and 13 in the follow-up interviews in March-September 2021.

Thirty years of StAR gazing: expanding the universe of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.

Current understanding of the biology, biochemistry and genetics of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and its deficiency state (congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, lipoid CAH) involves the complex interplay of four areas of study: the acute regulation of steroidogenesis, clinical phenomena in lipoid CAH, the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in steroidogenic mitochondria, and the cell biology of StAR. This review traces the origins of these areas of study, describes how they have been woven into an increasingly coherent fabric, and tries to explore some remaining loose ends in this ongoing field of endocrine research. Abundant research from multiple laboratories establishes that StAR is required for the rapid, abundant steroidal responses of the adrenals and gonads, but all steroidogenic cells, especially the placenta, have StAR-independent steroidogenesis, whose basis remains under investigation.

Sibling similarity can reveal key insights into genetic architecture.

The use of siblings to infer the factors influencing complex traits has been a cornerstone of quantitative genetics. Here, we utilise siblings for a novel application: the inference of genetic architecture, specifically that relating to individuals with extreme trait values (e.g.

The effects of recent stressful life events on outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: results from the longitudinal EU-GEI high-risk study.

Background: Recent stressful life events (SLE) are a risk factor for psychosis, but limited research has explored how SLEs affect individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study investigated the longitudinal effects of SLEs on functioning and symptom severity in CHR individuals, where we hypothesized CHR would report more SLEs than healthy controls (HC), and SLEs would be associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods: The study used longitudinal data from the EU-GEI High Risk study.

Neural evidence of functional compensation for fluid intelligence in healthy ageing.

Functional compensation is a common notion in the neuroscience of healthy ageing, whereby older adults are proposed to recruit additional brain activity to compensate for reduced cognitive function. However, whether this additional brain activity in older participants actually helps their cognitive performance remains debated. We examined brain activity and cognitive performance in a human lifespan sample ( = 223) while they performed a problem-solving task (based on Cattell's test of fluid intelligence) during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for the production and secretion of the saffron ingredient crocetin.

Background: Crocetin is a multifunctional apocarotenoid natural product derived from saffron, holding significant promises for protection against various diseases and other nutritional applications. Historically, crocetin has been extracted from saffron stigmas, but this method is hindered by the limited availability of high-quality raw materials and complex extraction processes. To overcome these challenges, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology can be applied to the sustainable production of crocetin.

Variables associated with cognitive function: an exposome-wide and mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Evidence indicates that cognitive function is influenced by potential environmental factors. We aimed to determine the variables influencing cognitive function.

Methods: Our study included 164,463 non-demented adults (89,644 [54.

Interaction between dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and drugs acting on renin angiotensin aldosterone system for the risk of angioedema: a pharmacovigilance assessment using disproportionality and interaction analyses.

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are frequently co-prescribed in type 2 diabetes management. Both drug classes have been independently associated with angioedema, raising concerns about potential interaction risks. This study aimed to evaluate the safety signals and interaction patterns for angioedema associated with DPP-4is alone and in combination with RAAS-interfering drugs.

What constitutes a medical miseducation? Ten mishaps, readily remedied.

In adopting reductive instrumentalism as a dominant discourse medical education can be seen to have cultivated a values monoculture resistant to innovation. This culture characteristically retreats to the safety of conservatism rather than diversifying and innovating to embrace values beyond the functional - such as the ethical, aesthetic, and political. Here - where teaching displaces facilitation of learning - training is privileged over education, competence over capability, linearity over complexity, and information over knowledge.

Pervasive horizontal transmission of Wolbachia in natural populations of closely related and widespread tropical skipper butterflies.

Background: The endosymbiotic relationship between Wolbachia bacteria and insects has been of interest for many years due to their diverse types of host reproductive phenotypic manipulation and potential role in the host's evolutionary history and population dynamics. Even though infection rates are high in Lepidoptera and specifically in butterflies, and reproductive manipulation is present in these taxa, less attention has been given to understanding how Wolbachia is acquired and maintained in their natural populations, across and within species having continental geographical distributions.

Results: We used whole genome sequencing data to investigate the phylogenetics, demographic history, and infection rate dynamics of Wolbachia in four species of the Spicauda genus of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), a taxon that presents sympatric and often syntopic distribution, with drastic variability in species abundance in the Neotropical region.

Superconducting critical temperature elevated by intense magnetic fields.

Below a critical temperature [Formula: see text], superconductors transport electrical charge without dissipative energy losses. The application of a magnetic field [Formula: see text] generally acts to suppress [Formula: see text], up to some critical field strength at which [Formula: see text] 0 K. Here, we investigate magnetic field-induced superconductivity in high-quality specimens of the triplet superconductor candidate UTe[Formula: see text] in pulsed magnetic fields up to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 70 T.

Aquatic-terrestrial linkages drive contrasting biodiversity patterns in tropical and temperate forests.

Riparian ecosystems harbour unique biodiversity because of their close interconnections with adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how aquatic ecosystems influence terrestrial biodiversity over different spatial scales is poorly understood, particularly in the tropics. We conducted field campaigns to collect 235 terrestrial invertebrate assemblages along 150 m transects from 47 streams in both Brazil and the UK, compiling one of the largest known datasets of riparian invertebrate community composition at multiple spatial scales.