Obesity-induced mesenteric PVAT remodelling is sexually dimorphic, but not driven by ovarian hormones : Short title: Obesity induces sex-specific responses in mesenteric PVAT.

Background: Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is associated with hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a metabolically active tissue surrounding blood vessels, plays a key role in regulating vascular tone. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysregulated which may contribute to vascular dysfunction; how sex impacts the remodelling of PVAT and thus the altered vascular contractility during obesity is unclear.

Evaluation of the effect of dental caries, oral hygiene, and treatment need on oral health-related quality of life among Turkish orphan children and adolescents.

Background: The oral and dental health and related quality of life of orphan children and adolescents-who are considered a vulnerable population-are critical for both individual and public health.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the status of the dental caries, oral hygiene, and dental treatment needs among a group of Turkish male orphan children and adolescents, as well as their impact on oral health-related quality of life.

Methods: A total of 112 orphan children and adolescents aged between 9 and 17 years living in a residential care facility in Istanbul, Türkiye, were involved in this cross-sectional study.

The association of activity patterns on female reproductive diseases: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank.

Objective: Little is known about the role of timing of physical activity in female reproductive disorders. These disorders include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), endometriosis, infertility, and pregnancy-related disorders. This study aims to investigate the associations of activity patterns with female reproductive diseases.

Uncoded chronic kidney disease prevalence in secondary care: a retrospective audit with population health implications.

Background: One million patients are estimated to have undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in England. Clinical coding in CKD is associated with improved management and lower acute kidney injury (AKI), unscheduled care and mortality risk. Primary care's role in coding CKD is well documented.

Genome-wide association analysis of composite sleep health scores in 413,904 individuals.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of several individual sleep traits have identified hundreds of genetic loci, suggesting diverse mechanisms. Moreover, sleep traits are moderately correlated, so together may provide a more complete picture of sleep health, while illuminating distinct domains. Here we construct novel sleep health scores (SHSs) incorporating five core self-report measures: sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, using additive (SHS-ADD) and five principal components-based (SHS-PCs) approaches.

Pattern of injury in polytrauma compared to single limb related Lisfranc joint fractures.

Background: Midfoot fractures in polytrauma patients are often an underappreciated injury relative to their other major injuries sustained. In this study, our aim was to explore the mechanisms and patterns of injury in polytrauma related midfoot fractures as compared to single limb injuries.

Setting: Multicentre observational study.

Access to child-appropriate medicines: an exploratory survey of the use of paediatric use marketing authorisation products in the UK.

The Paediatric Use Marketing Authorisation (PUMA) was introduced in the European Union to incentivise the development of off-patent medicines in children. However, there is limited data on the accessibility of PUMA products at the healthcare provider level. This study aimed to identify factors affecting real-world accessibility to PUMA products in the United Kingdom (UK).

Digoxin for reduction of circulating tumor cell cluster size in metastatic breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial.

The presence of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters is associated with disease progression and reduced survival in a variety of cancer types. In breast cancer, preclinical studies showed that inhibitors of the Na/K ATPase suppress CTC clusters and block metastasis. Here we conducted a prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study in women with metastatic breast cancer, where the primary objective was to determine whether treatment with the Na/K ATPase inhibitor digoxin could reduce mean CTC cluster size.

Embedding cultural competence in dental education.

Cultural competence plays a pivotal role in dentistry and is increasingly recognised and studied worldwide. As the dental profession evolves to cater to an ever-diverse society, it is imperative that universities consider how they support students in acquiring the skillset for providing culturally sensitive care. Cultural competency in dental education is highly variable globally.

Transposon mediated functional genomic screening for BRAF inhibitor resistance reveals convergent Hippo and MAPK pathway activation events.

Genotype-informed anticancer therapies such as BRAF inhibitors can show remarkable clinical efficacy in BRAF-mutant melanoma; however, drug resistance poses a major hurdle to successful cancer treatment. Many resistance events to targeted therapies have been identified, suggesting a complex path to improve therapeutics. Here, we showed the utility of a piggyBac transposon activation mutagenesis screen for the efficient identification of genes that are resistant to BRAF inhibition in melanoma.

"I'm living in a 'no' world now…"- A qualitative study of the widespread impact of living with chronic breathlessness, and experiences of identification and assessment of this symptom in an older, frail community-based population.

Chronic breathlessness is a debilitating symptom with detrimental impact on individuals and carers. However, little is known about the experiences of community-dwelling, frail, older adults living with chronic breathlessness. To explore, (i) the psychological impact of living with chronic breathlessness, (older frail adult patients, carers) and (ii) how patients, carers, and clinicians experience identification and assessment of chronic breathlessness in the primary care setting.

Aflibercept-Based and Bevacizumab-Based Second Line Regimens in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Propensity Score Weighted-Analysis from a Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Both aflibercept and bevacizumab-based regimens are available II-line treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, no head-to-head trials established the optimal anti-angiogenic strategy for this setting.

Methods: We launched a multicenter, retrospective, observational study to assess and compare clinical efficacy of II-line treatments for patients with mCRC.

Establishing a Pan-European, multi-disciplinary taphonomic research Infrastructure: The 'UK-Netherlands decomposition experimental research (UNDER) Group'.

This study unveils the establishment of the United Kingdom-Netherlands Decomposition Experimental Research (UNDER) working group, marking a pioneering initiative in practical Forensic Taphonomy within the UK. Our primary objective was to craft a cohesive multidisciplinary framework, designed to ethically orchestrate, execute, and assess human decomposition. Concurrently, we aimed to amass data through human burials, fostering collaboration among diverse forensic experts across Europe.

Trauma-informed pedagogy in forensic science education: Scoping review of and reflection on (very limited) available evidence.

Trauma-informed pedagogy (TIP) is an educational approach designed to recognise and respond to the impact of trauma on students, fostering supportive learning. It has been used and researched in various academic disciplines for years. However, its integration into forensic science education has not been assessed.

Admission to acute medical wards for mental health concerns among children and young people in England from 2012 to 2022: a cohort study.

Background: There are challenges in providing high quality care for children and young people who are admitted to acute medical wards for mental health concerns. Although there is concern that these admissions are increasing, national data describing these patterns are scarce. We aimed to describe trends in these admissions in England over a 10-year period, and to identify factors associated with repeat admission and length of stay.

Practitioner perspectives on symptomatic faecal immunochemical testing: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Faecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) is now core to the management of patients presenting in primary care with symptoms of possible colorectal cancer. Patients with a positive FIT (≥10μg Hb/g faeces) qualify for an urgent suspected cancer referral. FIT negative patients are typically managed in primary care or referred through routine pathways.

Evaluation of the initial rollout of the physical activity referral standards policy in Scotland: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) allow healthcare professionals to refer patients for physical activity support. Evidence of effectiveness is equivocal. Public Health Scotland has developed 'physical activity referral standards' that aim to enhance quality, reduce variability in design and delivery and build further evidence of what works.

Calculation of lifetime relative risks from summary cohort data and application to calculation of attributable fractions.

In cohort studies, relative risks are estimated by comparing eventual disease risk in individuals exposed to the risk factor at baseline with similar unexposed individuals. However, such relative risk estimates intrinsically depend on how many of the unexposed individuals develop exposure after baseline and on the ages at which the exposed individuals developed exposure prior to baseline. These factors pertain to the distribution of risk factor incidence in the population, rather than to the causal effect the risk factor has on disease.

Immunogenicity of an in-silico designed multi-epitope DNA vaccine encoding ROP21 and ROP29 of Toxoplasma gondii against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Toxoplasma infections are highly prevalent worldwide and can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals and lead to congenital infections in neonates. Despite ongoing efforts to develop T. gondii vaccines, none have been developed.

The role of IgE sensitisation in acute FPIES: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence on the role of IgE sensitisation in acute Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome ('atypical FPIES') is limited. Initial reports claimed association with persistent disease, however recent studies have not replicated this.

Objective: To systematically review the relationship between sensitisation to the culprit food(s) in acute FPIES and the outcome of follow-up oral food challenges.

Identifying Patient Subgroups in the Heterogeneous Chronic Pain Population Using Cluster Analysis.

Chronic pain is an ill-defined disease with complex biopsychosocial aspects, posing treatment challenges. We hypothesized that treatment failure results, at least partly, from limited understanding of diverse patient subgroups. We aimed to identify subgroups using psychological variables, allowing for more tailored interventions.

Molecular allergy diagnosis enabling personalized medicine.

Allergic patients are characterized by complex and patient-specific IgE sensitization profiles to various allergens, which are accompanied by different phenotypes of allergic disease. Molecular allergy (MA) diagnosis establishes the patient's IgE reactivity profile at a molecular allergen level and has moved allergology into the "Precision Medicine" era. Molecular allergology started in the late 1980s with the isolation of the first allergen-encoding DNA sequences.

Discontinuation of anticoagulants and occurrence of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist users with a life-limiting disease.

Background: Data on risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulants in patients with a life-limiting disease are limited. This cohort study aims to describe (dis)continuation of anticoagulants and incidences of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users with a life-limiting disease.

Methods: Data from five Dutch anticoagulation clinics were linked to data from Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Cancer registry.

Breast imaging readers' performance in the PERFORMS test-set based assessment scheme within the MyPeBS international randomised study.

Purpose: A survey conducted by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) in 2023 revealed significant variations in Quality Assurance (QA) practices across Europe. The UK encourages regular performance monitoring for screen readers. This study aimed to assess the variability in diagnostic performance among readers participating in a wider prospective randomised trial across multiple countries.

Predicting a strongly positive fluid balance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A multicentre, international study.

Background: In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), a fluid balance (FB) > 2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis is associated with adverse outcomes. Identification of patients at high-risk for such fluid accumulation may help prevent it.

Methods: We used Australian electronic medical record (EMR)-based clinical data to develop the "AKI-FB risk score", validated it in a British cohort and used it to predict a positive FB >2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis.