A New Smartphone-Based Cognitive Screening Battery for Multiple Sclerosis (icognition): Validation Study.

Background: Cognitive deterioration is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and requires regular follow-up. Currently, cognitive status is measured in clinical practice using paper-and-pencil tests, which are both time-consuming and costly. Remote monitoring of cognitive status could offer a solution because previous studies on telemedicine tools have proved its feasibility and acceptance among people with MS.

Barriers and Facilitators of User Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions for People With Psychosis or Bipolar Disorder: Systematic Review and Best-Fit Framework Synthesis.

Background: Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) to monitor and improve the health of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder show promise; however, user engagement is variable, and integrated clinical use is low.

Objective: This prospectively registered systematic review examined barriers and facilitators of clinician and patient engagement with DMHIs, to inform implementation within real-world settings.

Methods: A systematic search of 7 databases identified empirical studies reporting qualitative or quantitative data about factors affecting staff or patient engagement with DMHIs aiming to monitor or improve the mental or physical health of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder.

Crossing the streams: Improving data quality and integration across the One Health genomics continuum with data standards and implementation strategies.

The Canadian Genomics Research and Development Initiative for Antimicrobial Resistance (GRDI-AMR) uses a genomics-based approach to understand how health care, food production and the environment contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Integrating genomics contextual data streams across the One Health continuum is challenging because of the diversity in data scope, content and structure. To better enable data harmonization for analyses, a contextual data standard was developed.

Dissociation of hydrogen and formation of water at the (010) and (111) surfaces of orthorhombic FeNbO4.

The orthorhombic structure of FeNbO4, where the Fe and Nb cations are distributed randomly over the octahedral 4c sites, has shown excellent promise as an anode material in solid oxide fuel cells. We have used DFT+U-D2 calculations to explore the adsorption and dissociation of H2 molecules and the formation reaction of water at the (010) and (111) surfaces. Simulations of the surface properties confirmed that the bandgaps are significantly reduced compared to the bulk material.

Assessment of fracture risk with FRAX and FRAXplus.

FRAX, a risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used for fracture risk assessment since its launch in 2008. It is now incorporated into very many guidelines worldwide to inform osteoporosis management. In this review, we explore the development of FRAX and how it enhances fracture risk prediction as compared to use of bone mineral density alone, as well as approaches to utilizing FRAX in determining intervention and assessment thresholds.

Communicating hydrocephalus following stereotactic radiosurgery for periventricular meningiomas: illustrative cases.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established option for the management of intracranial tumors, including meningiomas. Although valued for its low invasiveness and precision, it still carries a risk of complications. Communicating hydrocephalus is a serious, albeit rarely reported, complication of SRS.

Estimating Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for the EXPOSE (Explaining Population Trends in Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparative Analysis of Health Transitions in South Africa and England) Study: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, health care, and psychosocial variables considered risk factors for CVD are routinely measured in population health surveys, providing opportunities to examine health transitions. Studying the drivers of health transitions in countries where multiple burdens of disease persist (eg, South Africa), compared with countries regarded as models of "epidemiologic transition" (eg, England), can provide knowledge on where best to intervene and direct resources to reduce the disease burden.

Findings on impact of COVID-19 on mental health using keyword visualization.

Objective: The EU global health priorities focus on ensuring better health and well-being for people throughout their lives as well as on reducing inequalities between countries. The COVID-19 pandemic can be understood as a set of several events that directly or indirectly affected the mental health of people around the world. The aim of this study was to identify the main groupings of co-occurrence of all keywords related to the main keywords "COVID-19" and "mental health" acquired through search in the Scopus database using the VOSviewer tool.

Validated LC-MS/MS methodology for the quantification of CBD, trace level THCA and UK controlled cannabinoids (Δ-THC, Δ-THC, CBN and THCV) in food samples.

Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) have become increasingly popular due to consumer-perceived benefits of improving health and well-being. More specifically in the United Kingdom (UK), CBD food products are categorised as . For these products to remain on the market, they must have authorisation from the Food Standards Agency on the basis that they are safe, correctly labelled, and do not contain substances classified under controlled drugs legislation in accordance with any existing or future Home Office guidance.

L-ICG as an optical agent to improve intraoperative margin detection in breast-conserving surgery: a prospective study.

Purpose: Precise tumor excision is important in breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This study explores the safety and accuracy of fluorescence image-guided BCS (FIGS) using a lidocaine mucilage-ICG compound (L-ICG).

Methods: 54 patients who underwent BCS from August 2020 to September 2023 were enrolled.

Providing appropriate health and social care for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment in the criminal justice system of England and Wales: a thematic analysis of prisoner and staff interview data.

Background: The number of older adults entering the criminal justice system is growing. Approximately 8% of older prisoners in England and Wales have suspected dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and experience difficulties in everyday functioning, and disruption to their daily life. At present, no specific dementia/MCI care pathway has been implemented that is applicable and appropriate for use across different prisons in England and Wales.

Potential interaction between clorsulon and ivermectin for malaria vector control.

Mass ivermectin (IVM) treatment of livestock (MITL) is under consideration as a malaria control tool as IVM-treated livestock are lethal to blood-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes. MITL is routinely used as a prophylaxis in livestock to reduce the burden and transmission of helminth infections. Recently, there has been a shift in the veterinary IVM market in Southeast Asia wherein nearly all standard IVM formulations are now co-formulated with clorsulon (CLO).

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual "Dementia Awareness for Caregivers" Course in Brazil and India.

Objective: To establish whether a virtual dementia awareness course is feasible for caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India.

Methods: A pre/posttest single group, multisite feasibility study, mixed methods exploratory design was applied. Primary caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India took a 3 to 4-hour course adapted for online delivery, with 10 to 15 caregivers.

Development and Validation of the Family and Community Nursing Advanced Practice Scale.

Aim: To develop and test a Family and Community Nursing-Advanced Practice Scale.

Design: A cross-sectional and methodological scale validation design, following classical test theory.

Methods: Three phases, the first of which involved scale development, including item generation.

Perturbing Pentalene: Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in a Non-alternant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and BN-heteroanalogues.

Pentalene (C8H6) and NN- and BB-bridged heterocyclic analogues (BN)4H6, derived by replacement of CC pairs with BN, are taken as  paradigms for tuning of ring-current (anti)aromaticity by variation of π charge, electronegativity and substitution pattern.  Ab initio calculation of maps for the π current density induced in these model systems by a perpendicular external magnetic field exhibits the full range of tropicity, from diatropic aromatic to nonaromatic to paratropic antiaromatic, with a ready rationalisation in terms of an orbital model.  Further calculations on systems of varying charge in which these motifs are embedded in extended PAH systems with naphthalene and phenanthrene 'clamps' show promise for switching between current patterns and related  opto-electronic properties.

Locally Employed Doctors and International Medical Graduates in the NHS: Current and Evolving Trends.

Locally Employed Doctors (LEDs) are defined as any doctor below consultant grade, appointed within a UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust, who are not working within a national training scheme. They are a cohort significantly increasing in numbers. International Medical Graduates (IMGs) are overseas-qualified doctors who contribute to more than 30% of the workforce-related deficit in the number of UK-qualified doctors required to meet NHS requirements.

Building for speech: designing the next-generation of social robots for audio interaction.

There have been significant advances in robotics, conversational AI, and spoken dialogue systems (SDSs) over the past few years, but we still do not find social robots in public spaces such as train stations, shopping malls, or hospital waiting rooms. In this paper, we argue that early-stage collaboration between robot designers and SDS researchers is crucial for creating social robots that can legitimately be used in real-world environments. We draw from our experiences running experiments with social robots, and the surrounding literature, to highlight recurring issues.

Cross-section without factors: a string model for expected returns.

Many asset pricing models assume that expected returns are driven by common factors. We formulate a model where returns are driven by a string, and no-arbitrage restricts each expected return to capture the asset's granular exposure to all other asset returns: a correlation premium. The model predicts fresh properties for big stocks, which display higher connectivity in bad times, but also work as correlation hedges: they contribute to a negative fraction of the correlation premium, and portfolios that are more exposed to them command a lower premium.

Public's perception of policies reducing tobacco availability by regulating the tobacco retail environment: A case study in Egypt.

Introduction: The tobacco industry presence in the retail environment ensures its access to current and potential tobacco users. Reduction of tobacco retail is an emerging tobacco control measure. Many policies that would potentially lead to reduction in retail are not covered by international tobacco laws and are individually adopted in some jurisdictions.

Factors associated with shisha smoking: Results from a cross-sectional telephone-based survey among the general population adults in Nigeria.

Introduction: In Nigeria, there is very limited evidence on factors that influence shisha smoking, and this hinders effective tobacco control policymaking. We, therefore, aimed to identify factors associated with shisha smoking among the general population adults in Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a telephone-based, cross-sectional survey between 28 July and 11 September 2022 in 12 states of Nigeria.

Tobacco control in Türkiye: A brief review of achievements, challenges, and prospects.

Introduction: The global burden of tobacco is a significant public health concern, causing millions of deaths, illnesses, and economic losses annually. In Türkiye, tobacco use is deeply ingrained in society, with historical roots dating back to Ottoman times. The nation faces challenges such as high smoking rates, gender disparities, and the popularity of non-cigarette tobacco products.

Humanizing processes after harm part 1: patient safety incident investigations, litigation and the experiences of those affected.

Background: There is a growing international policy focus on involving those affected by healthcare safety incidents, in subsequent investigations. Nonetheless, there remains little UK-based evidence exploring how this relates to the experiences of those affected over time, including the factors influencing decisions to litigate.

Aims: We aimed to explore the experiences of patients, families, staff and legal representatives affected by safety incidents over time, and the factors influencing decisions to litigate.