Pathways to Hypertension Control: Unfinished Journeys of Low-Income Individuals in Malaysia and the Philippines.

Background: Reducing inequities in hypertension control among those affected in low- and middle-income countries requires person-centred health system responses based on a contextualised understanding of the choices and care pathways taken by those who rely on the services provided, particularly those from poor and marginalised communities. We examine patterns of care seeking and pathways followed by individuals with hypertension from low-income households in the Philippines and Malaysia. This study aims to fill a significant gap in the literature by analysing the stages at which individuals make decisions that may affect the successful control of their blood pressure.

Longitudinal Patterns of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions.

Objective: Disordered Eating Behaviors (DEB) are associated with dysfunctional changes in eating behavior, not meeting diagnostic criteria for eating disorders. DEB affects a significant percentage of individuals, yet it remains under-researched. The current study investigates the developmental trajectory and psychopathological correlates of DEB in children and adolescents in Brazil.

Negotiating Care: The Biographical Narratives of Young Adults Who Questioned Their Gender When Younger.

Current discussions about gender identity are increasingly politicised, particularly in the UK. An individual's body becomes a site of competing interests that attempt to regulate the physical, social and moral boundaries between biological sex and a socially realised gender. Care becomes defined within this context.

Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Clinically Diagnosed Samples: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: The use of prebiotics and probiotics as a treatment for psychiatric conditions has gained interest due to their potential to modulate the gut-brain axis. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in psychiatric populations.

Objective: The aim was to comprehensively review and appraise the effectiveness of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic interventions in reducing clinical depression and anxiety symptoms.

Aneurysm Is Restricted by CD34 Cell-Formed Fibrous Collars Through the PDGFRb-PI3K Axis.

Aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening disease caused by progressive dilation of the aorta and weakened aortic walls. Its pathogenesis involves an imbalance between connective tissue repair and degradation. CD34 cells comprise a heterogeneous population that exhibits stem cell and progenitor cell properties.

The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study.

Background: To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included.

Hybrid Service Delivery for voluntary, community and social enterprise organisations working with adults with learning disabilities and/or autism: a realist review protocol.

Background: Delivery of health and care services using a combination of remote and/or in-person channels and digital and/or traditional tools (Hybrid Service Delivery, HSD) is increasingly seen as a way of improving quality and affordability, improving access, personalisation and sustainability, and reducing inequalities. Across the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector (VCSE), using a combination of remote and/or in-person channels and digital and/or traditional tools (HSD) has enabled the essential provision of services for people who have learning disabilities and/or autistic (LDA). However, it is unclear how different tools and channels have been used, what worked well or not well, for whom, and in what circumstances.

Helicopter emergency medical services demonstrate reduced time to emergency anaesthesia in an undifferentiated trauma population: a retrospective observational analysis across three major trauma networks.

Background: Early rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia (RSI) and tracheal intubation for patients with airway or ventilatory compromise following major trauma is recommended, with guidance suggesting a 45-min timeframe. Whilst on-scene RSI is recommended, the potential time benefit offered by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) has not been studied. We compared the time from 999/112 emergency call to delivery of RSI between patients intubated either in the Emergency Department or pre-hospital by HEMS.

An opportunity to sleep well in hospital: development of a multi-level intervention to improve inpatient sleep (ASLEEP) using behaviour change theories.

Background: Sleep is substantial issue for hospital inpatients and can negatively affect healing and recovery. There is a good evidence-base for interventions which can improve sleep, however currently they are not being implemented into NHS practice. To address the evidence-practice gap, we have conducted early-phase development for an inpatient sleep intervention (ASLEEP); a multi-level intervention to improve inpatient sleep in UK hospital wards.

Self-monitoring of blood pressure following a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TASMIN5S): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control following stroke is important but currently sub-optimal. This trial aimed to determine whether self-monitoring of hypertension with telemonitoring and a treatment escalation protocol, results in lower BP than usual care in people with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).

Methods: Unblinded randomised controlled trial, comparing a BP telemonitoring-based intervention with control (usual care) for hypertension management in 12 primary care practices in England.

Understanding and overcoming geographical barriers for scaling up dog vaccinations against rabies.

Rabies causes 59,000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries. Mass dog vaccination (MDV) is key to controlling dog rabies, requiring 70% coverage in the susceptible dog population to eliminate rabies deaths. MDV campaigns must achieve geographical homogeneity of coverage.

Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score variation across ancestries using whole genome sequencing and array-based approaches.

A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score (T1DGRS) aids diagnosis and prediction of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). While traditionally derived from imputed array genotypes, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) provides a more direct approach and is now increasingly used in clinical and research studies. We investigated the concordance between WGS-based and array-based T1DGRS across genetic ancestries in 149,265 UK Biobank participants using WGS, TOPMed-imputed, and 1000 Genomes-imputed array genotypes.

Tn-seq profiling reveals that NodS of the beta-rhizobium Paraburkholderia phymatum is detrimental for nodulating soybean.

The beta-rhizobial strain Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815 is noteworthy for its wide host range in nodulating legumes, primarily mimosoids (over 50 different species) but also some papilionoids. It cannot, however, nodulate soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.

Nonoperative Management of Pretibial Lacerations in a Nurse-Led Clinic: An Observational Study.

In our tertiary plastic surgery center, patients with wounds that will not be treated surgically, including complex pretibial wounds, that would traditionally have been managed operatively are managed on an outpatient basis in a nurse-led pretibial laceration clinic. We conducted a study to investigate dressing usage and assess correlators with healing time or number of appointments. We collected data regarding dressings used, time to discharge, and number of appointments retrospectively over 14 months between 2019 and 2021.

Global big data laboratory experiment, integrated with kernel-based algorithm with an improved nonlinear ensemble for compressive strength modeling.

With the continuous clamor for a reduction in embodied carbon in cement, rapid solution to climate change, and reduction to resource depletion, studies into substitute binders become crucial. These cementitious binders can potentially lessen our reliance on cement as the only concrete binder while also improving concrete functional properties. Finer particles used in cement microstructure densify the pore structure of concrete and enhance its performance properties.

Citric acid is more effective than sodium thiosulfate in chelating calcium in a dissolution model of calcinosis.

Calcinosis cutis affects 20-40% of patients with systemic sclerosis. This study tests the hypothesis that calcium-chelating polycarboxylic acids can induce calcium dissolution without skin toxicity or irritancy. We compared citric acid (CA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to sodium thiosulfate (STS) for their ability to chelate calcium in vitro using a pharmaceutical dissolution model of calcinosis (hydroxyapatite (HAp) tablet), prior to evaluation of toxicity and irritancy in 2D in vitro skin models.

Click Chemistry Methodology: The Novel Paintbrush of Drug Design.

Click chemistry is an immensely powerful technique for the synthesis of reliable and efficient covalent linkages. When undertaken in living cells, the concept is thereby coined bioorthogonal chemistry. Used in conjunction with the photo-cross-linking methodology, it serves as a sound strategy in the exploration of biological processes and beyond.

Gender changes in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in the UK 1996 to 2030. Current trends suggest gender parity of those joining the OMFS specialist list may be achieved by 2048.

In their 2022 paper Newman et al compared gender diversity between UK surgical specialties. It omitted the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), which is one of the ten General Medical Council recognised surgical specialties. When challenged, the authors did not provide data for OMFS.

Review of the 'second degree' universities of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) specialists and trainees in the UK. Locations of their graduate entry medicine and graduate entry dentistry degrees, graduating between 1979-2019.

By spending 3-5 years in a single location studying for their second degree, OMFS trainees often put down domestic roots which they are reluctant to pull up to complete their training elsewhere. The universities at which OMFS specialists/trainees obtained their second degrees were assembled using the General Medical Council's OMFS specialist list, the General Dental Council's Dental Register and a database of OMFS trainees and consultants. The second degrees of 818 past and current OMFS specialists/trainees were analysed.

Myxobacteria from soil can substantially reduce the bacterial load in a wound infection model.

Aims: Myxobacteria are non-pathogenic, saprophytic, soil-dwelling predatory bacteria known for their antimicrobial potential. Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms to protect themselves from antimicrobial agents and the immune system. This study has investigated the predatory activities of myxobacteria against pathogenic bacteria in biofilms.

Minimally Invasive Placement of Cannulated Headless Compression Screws for Reduction of Sacroiliac Luxation in 14 Cats.

Objective:  To describe percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided placement of self-drilling, self-tapping, 3.0 mm cannulated headless compression screws (HCS) for surgical reduction of sacroiliac luxation (SIL) in cats, and to document clinical outcome.

Materials And Methods:  Medical records of cats with SIL, managed by percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided placement of a 3.

Improving Access to Hygiene, Sanitation, and Drinking Water in King County and Beyond: Success Factors and Costs.

Context: Most major urban areas in the US, including Seattle and King County, have a long-standing lack of public restrooms, handwashing stations, and drinking water, presenting public health risks.

Objective: To aid decision-makers in expanding access, we review available information regarding successful hygiene programs in urban settings to identify shared characteristics and costs.

Design: We reviewed 10 journal articles, 49 news articles, and 54 pieces of gray literature including reports, white papers, and online resources describing real-world hygiene, sanitation, and drinking water programs in US and global urban settings.