Vasoplegia in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Current Definitions and Their Influence on Clinical Outcomes.

Objectives: To identify differences in the reported vasoplegia incidence, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality rates as influenced by different vasoplegia definitions used in cardiac surgery studies.

Design: A systematic review was performed covering the period 1977 to 2023 using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Emcare and a meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42021258328) was performed.

Setting And Participants: One hundred studies defining vasoplegia in cardiac surgery patients were systematically reviewed.

Atrial fibrillation development in the heart failure population from nationwide British linked electronic health records.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure (HF). We analysed factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure using linked real-world UK data from primary and secondary care, along with findings from genome-wide association studies.

Methods And Results: Among 163 174 participants with a diagnosis of HF (January 1998 to May 2016) from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES), 111 595 participants had no previous history of AF (mean age 76.

Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory.

This updated Heart Valve Collaboratory framework addresses the growing concern for transcatheter valve failure (TVF) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). With the increasing volume of redo-TAV and surgical TAV explantation, there is a critical need for standardized pathways and protocols for evaluating TVF using echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography. This document clarifies prior definitions of bioprosthetic valve deterioration and bioprosthetic valve failure in a practical, imaging directed context for TAVR.

Efficacy of Acoramidis on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Hospitalization in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an underdiagnosed chronic disease associated with progressive heart failure that results in impaired quality of life, repeated hospitalizations, and premature death. Acoramidis is a selective, oral transthyretin stabilizer recently approved by the U.S.

Oncology: Brain asymmetries in language-relevant brain tumors.

Brain tumors are classified as rare diseases, with an annual occurrence of 300,000 cases and account for an annual loss of 241,000 lives, highlighting their devastating nature. Recent advancements in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved the management and care of brain tumors. This chapter provides an overview of the common types of primary brain tumors affecting language functions-gliomas and meningiomas.

Sex/gender differences in hemispheric asymmetries.

This chapter will critically review evidence across 40 years of research, covering both early and contemporary studies that have investigated sex/gender differences in hemispheric asymmetries, including both structural and functional asymmetries. We argue that small sex/gender differences in hemispheric asymmetry reliably exist, but there is significant overlap between the sexes and considerable within-sex variation. Furthermore, we argue that research to date is limited in its consideration of sex/gender-related factors, such as sex hormones and gender roles.

Asymmetries in the human brain.

The human brain is an intricate network of cortical regions interconnected by white matter pathways, dynamically supporting cognitive functions. While cortical asymmetries have been consistently reported, the asymmetry of white matter connections remains less explored. This chapter provides a brief overview of asymmetries observed at the cortical, subcortical, cytoarchitectural, and receptor levels before exploring the detailed connectional anatomy of the human brain.

The impact of paramedics working in primary care teams on other professionals and patient experiences: a qualitative study.

Background: Paramedics are among the professional groups identified in recent policy initiatives aimed at addressing the unsustainable workload and workforce crises in primary care. Their support aims to enhance patient access to care and alleviate the burden of workload pressures.

Aim: To explore the impact of paramedics working in primary care on primary care teams and the experiences of patients who have a clinical consultation with a paramedic in primary care.

A mixed methods study of the experience of GP educational supervisors.

Background: Quality supervision in the clinical learning environment is known to improve future quality of patient care by graduates of that training. Supports required by supervisors are not well documented.

Aim: To conduct a needs assessment of educational supervisors (ESs) on the GP training programme.

Barriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Objectives: To explore the barriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK.

Design: Systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Data Sources: PubMed, MEDline via OVID, APA PsycInfo via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate and Scopus via Elsevier, covering studies that were published between January 2006 and December 2023.

Prioritising community-defined interventions to address the health and well-being impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on racially minoritised communities in East London: results from an adapted James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership.

Objectives: Racially minoritised communities (RMCs) were disproportionately affected by COVID-19, experiencing among the highest mortality rates of the UK's pandemic. We sought to understand the priorities for action to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of RMCs in the ethnically diverse and socioeconomically unequal area of East London, located in the northeastern part of London, England.

Design: Prospective surveys and a consensus meeting following the established James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership (PSP) methodology, adapted for a specific geographic location and ethnic groups.

Enhancing the experience and outcomes of children with complex care needs in acute paediatric settings: a realist review protocol.

Introduction: The number of babies, children and young people with complex care needs (henceforth children with complex care needs (CCCN)) in England has increased in recent decades, and this has also been recognised globally. CCCN may have frequent and lengthy hospital admissions, but during these episodes, their needs are not always met, potentially resulting in suboptimal experiences and outcomes. Despite increased numbers of CCCN accessing acute care and displaying greater complexity, much of the contemporary literature has focused on primary care coordination between health, education and social care.

Internal structure, reliability and cross-cultural validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale in three European populations.

Background: The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), a questionnaire designed for the assessment of mental well-being, is widely used in different countries and cultures worldwide. However, there is a lack of studies examining its metric performance and measurement invariance across countries.

Objective: This study aims to examine the internal structure, reliability and cross-country validity of the WEMWBS in three European populations.

Global Incidence, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Adrenal Cancer: a systematic analysis of cancer registries.

Objectives: Adrenal gland cancer (AGC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Studies on this cancer have been limited. This study, for the first time, aims to analyse the global disease burden and trends of adrenal gland cancer in country level and examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors to generate hypotheses.

Electrophysiological analysis of paraventricular thalamic neurons co-expressing kappa and mu opioid receptors.

The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is a central node in the integration of stress- and reward-related information that may serve as a pivotal site for opioid receptors to exert their effects. Kappa opioid receptors (KOPrs) and mu opioid receptors (MOPrs) have dissociable and opposing roles in circuits of stress and reward. Interestingly, both are highly expressed in the PVT, however it is not known how aversive KOPr and rewarding MOPr signalling converges to dictate PVT activity and, by proxy, whole brain effects.

Digitalizing the design-make-test-analyze workflow in drug discovery with an electronic inventory platform.

Drug discovery is a collaborative endeavor that often involves scientists from various disciplines and global collaborators. Efficient real-time sharing and updating of design-make-test-analyze (DMTA) information remains a challenge in drug discovery, hindering timely decision-making and project advancement. We propose a novel approach utilizing existing electronic inventory systems as DMTA workflow tracking platforms.

Small-angle vertical strabismus treatment in the elderly.

Small vertical fusion amplitudes complicate the management of small-angle vertical strabismus in the elderly, and innovative procedures have the potential to facilitate effective treatment options in these patients. To identify and evaluate alternative procedures for the treatment of small-angle vertical strabismus in the elderly, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar. Here, we identify and evaluate new surgical techniques that target small-angle vertical strabismus, including graded partial tenotomy, partial tendon recession, minitenotomy, and miniplication.

A Systematic Review of Air Pollution Exposure and Brain Structure and Function during Development.

Objectives: Air pollutants are known neurotoxicants. In this updated systematic review, we evaluate new evidence since our 2019 systematic review on the effect of outdoor air pollution exposure on childhood and adolescent brain structure and function as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus we conducted an updated literature search and systematic review of articles published through January 2025, using key terms for air pollution and functional and/or structural MRI.

Verbal Feedback Is the Primary Mechanism for Performance-Related Review in Professional English Male Soccer: A Quantitative Exploration.

Purpose: Feedback is information that is provided to aid reflection and learning and enhance future performances. Due to the increased demands of professional soccer and governance around staffing structures, the number of stakeholders delivering and receiving feedback has grown over the past 2 decades. The aim of the present study was to explore the feedback strategies used in professional men's soccer in England.

Heme metabolism mediates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

Bone undergoes life-long remodelling, in which disorders of bone remodelling could occur in many pathological conditions including osteoporosis. Understanding the cellular metabolism of osteoclasts is key to developing new treatments for osteoporosis, a disease that affects over 200 million women worldwide per annum. We found that human osteoclast differentiation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 8 female patients is featured with a distinct gene expression profile of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Major trauma coordinators in the UK: A survey of demographics and role functions.

Background: Trauma coordinators (TCs) play a key role in managing patients with complex injuries, coordinating care across multiple specialties. This study aimed to investigate the current role functions of TCs in the UK, compare them to findings from 2015, and explore differences between TCs in Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) and Trauma Units (TUs).

Methods: A UK-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire.

Real-world experience of cannabidiol in conjunction with clobazam for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome: Results from a retrospective multicentre chart review in Germany.

Background: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome (DS) are rare and debilitating forms of epilepsy, characterised by recurrent, severe, drug-resistant seizures and neurodevelopmental impairments. A non-euphoric, plant-derived, highly purified formulation of cannabidiol (CBD; Epidyolex®, 100 mg/mL oral solution) is approved in the European Union and United Kingdom for use in patients aged ≥2 years for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with LGS or DS in conjunction with clobazam (CLB), and for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex in patients aged ≥2 years.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with treatment-resistant epilepsies who were treated with adjunctive CBD at six epilepsy centres in Germany.