Validation of the GPAT - the Global Polypectomy Assessment Tool: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement.

BACKGROUND : Colorectal polypectomy is operator dependent, with variable rates of complete resection. The currently available assessment tools do not provide specific competency-based evaluation of provider technique. We aimed to validate the Global Polypectomy Assessment Tool (GPAT), a novel competency assessment tool for colorectal polypectomy.

MdfA is a novel ClpC adaptor protein that functions in the developing spore.

Bacterial protein degradation machinery consists of chaperone-protease complexes that play vital roles in bacterial growth and development and have sparked interest as novel antimicrobial targets. ClpC-ClpP (ClpCP) is one such chaperone-protease complex, recruited by adaptors to specific functions in the model bacterium and other Gram-positive bacteria, including the pathogens and Here we have identified a new ClpCP adaptor protein, MdfA (metabolic differentiation factor A; formerly YjbA), in a genetic screen for factors that help drive toward metabolic dormancy during spore formation. A knockout of stimulates gene expression in the developing spore, while aberrant expression of during vegetative growth is toxic.

Developmentally regulated proteolysis by MdfA and ClpCP mediates metabolic differentiation during sporulation.

sporulation entails a dramatic transformation of the two cells required to assemble a dormant spore, with the larger mother cell engulfing the smaller forespore to produce the "cell within a cell" structure that is a hallmark of endospore formation. Sporulation also entails metabolic differentiation, whereby key metabolic enzymes are depleted from the forespore but maintained in the mother cell. This reduces the metabolic potential of the forespore, which becomes dependent on mother cell metabolism and the SpoIIQ-SpoIIIA channel to obtain metabolic building blocks necessary for development.

Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Natural History Study Report 2: Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To analyze the retinal imaging findings and natural history of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD).

Design: Single-center retrospective, consecutive, observational study.

Participants: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of BVMD, from pedigrees with a likely disease-causing monoallelic variant in BEST1.

Life course socioeconomic position and cognitive aging in later life: A scoping review.

Background And Objectives: Low socioeconomic position (SEP) throughout the life course is related to poorer cognitive health in later life, but debate ensues on the life course models for this association. To advance inquiry on the topic, we conducted a scoping review.

Research Design And Methods: We examined the association between life course SEP and cognitive function in later life in observational studies-considering cognition both as a cross-sectional level and as a longitudinal trajectory across cognitive domains-and assessed whether the empirical evidence supported life course models.

Air pollution and cortical myelin T1w/T2w ratio estimates in school-age children from the ABCD and NeuroSmog studies.

Air pollution affects human health and may disrupt brain maturation, including axon myelination, critical for efficient neural signaling. Here, we assess the impact of prenatal and current long-term particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure on cortical T1w/T2w ratios - a proxy for myelin content - in school-age children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (United States; N = 2021) and NeuroSmog study (Poland; N = 577), using Siemens scanners. Across both samples, we found that NO and PM were not significantly associated with cortical T1w/T2w except for one association of PM with lower T1w/T2w in the precuneus in NeuroSmog.

Dissociation-dependent kinetics and distinct pathways for direct photolysis and •OH/SO radical dominated photodegradation of ionizable antiviral drugs in aquatic systems.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as UV, UV/HO and UV/persulfate, are widely used to remove emerging organic contaminants from wastewater streams. However, knowledge on chemical degradation pathways, reaction kinetics as well as formation and toxicity of key degradates is limited. We investigated the direct photolysis and •OH/SO dominated kinetics, intermediates and toxicity evolution of three ionizable antiviral drugs (ATVs): tenofovir (TFV), didanosine (DDI), and nevirapine (NVP).

Rice grain quality alteration through manipulation of parboiling procedures to affect the concentration of macro- and micro- nutrient elements, B-vitamins, inorganic toxicants, and bacterial contamination.

A Bangladesh village rice parboiling plant was used to investigate how to improve essential elements and B-vitamin content of rice, while reducing the toxicants arsenic and cadmium, and potential bacterial pathogens. A 2 -factorial experiment was conducted where husked and de-husked rice was parboiled at different pre-parboiling soaking times, pre-parboiling soaking temperatures, parboiled through either boiling or steaming, and parboiled for 2 different times. Three rice cultivars were used.

Seizure prediction in pregnant women with epilepsy: An umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews.

Objective: To identify risk factors for seizure in pregnant women, and in the general population with epilepsy.

Study Design: Umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews on risk factors or prediction models for seizure occurrence in pregnant women with epilepsy, adults with epilepsy, or all individuals with epilepsy. Guidelines or systematic reviews exclusively for children were excluded.

Validation of a simulator for oncoplastic breast conserving surgery.

Background: Therapeutic Mammoplasty (TM) is increasingly becoming the standard of care, especially for patients with large tumor-to-breast volume ratios. The wider dissemination of oncoplastic skills warrants systems for the acquisition and assessment of safe skills. To date, TM simulations have not been developed for the acquisition or assessment of oncoplastic skills.

Erosive Pustular Dermatosis: An important differential diagnosis for the non-healing burn wound.

Introduction: Erosive Pustular Dermatosis (EPD) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific biopsy findings and clinical features which overlap with other dermatological conditions but should be suspected in non-healing burns wounds. We present our experience with the condition and an investigation and treatment algorithm.

Methods: Three cases of EPD complicating burn wound healing are presented; two males and one female, aged 32, 40 and 56 respectively, with an average total body surface area of 33% (range 24-46%).

Imaging the structural connectome with hybrid MRI-microscopy tractography.

Mapping how neurons are structurally wired into whole-brain networks can be challenging, particularly in larger brains where 3D microscopy is not available. Multi-modal datasets combining MRI and microscopy provide a solution, where high resolution but 2D microscopy can be complemented by whole-brain but lowresolution MRI. However, there lacks unified approaches to integrate and jointly analyse these multi-modal data in an insightful way.

Summary of findings tables for measurement property reviews: The evolution and application of OMERACT's summary of measurement properties (SOMP) Table.

Background: Literature reviews of measurement properties of an outcome measurement instrument are fast becoming the evidence base for making decisions about the suitability of the instrument for a given application. In our case at OMERACT it is the fitness of an instrument for inclusion in a Core Outcome Set. Transparency in the processes and decision making at each step are important to allow consumers of the literature review to have a clear understanding of the decision-making process.

The preclinical profile of SerpinPC- a potential new treatment for hemophilia.

The concept of restoring hemostasis by down-tuning anticoagulant pathways holds the promise of treating all forms of hemophilia. Here we report preclinical efficacy and safety data for SerpinPC, a covalent inhibitor of activated protein C (APC). APC is a serine protease that degrades the enzyme complex that produces thrombin, and its inhibition allows more thrombin to be produced during the initiation stage of hemostasis.

Optimisation of magnetic field sensing with optically pumped magnetometers for magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography.

Objective: Magnetic Detection Electrical Impedance Tomography is a novel technique that could enable non-invasive imaging of fast neural activity in the brain. However, commercial magnetometers are not suited to its technical requirements. The purpose of this work was to optimise the number, orientation and size of optically pumped magnetometers for MDEIT and inform the future development of MDEIT-specific magnetometers.

Reference dosimetry for MRI-Linacs: an addendum to the 2020 IPEM code of practice for high-energy photon therapy dosimetry.

The 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine code of practice (COP) for megavoltage dosimetry (Eaton et al 2020, Phys. Med. Biol.

Acceptability of the gonorrhoea human challenge model to accelerate vaccine development in UK men.

Background: 281 million people worldwide were diagnosed with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 2020. Antimicrobial therapy for bacterial STIs is a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistant gonorrhoea is an urgent global health threat. Development of an efficacious gonorrhoea vaccine is a global health priority to address AMR.

Gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in term-born children: Evidence from Chinese and British cohorts.

Introduction: Older gestational age (GA) has been associated with more favourable cognitive outcomes in preterm children. Recent evidence suggests this may also apply to term-born children. This study aims to examine the association between GA and early neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born at term in China and the UK.

Ethics of biohybrid robotics and invertebrate research: Biohybrid robotic jellyfish as a case study.

Invertebrate research ethics has largely been ignored compared to the consideration of higher order animals, but more recent focus has questioned this trend. Using the robotic control of Aurelia aurita as a case study, we examine ethical considerations in invertebrate work and provide recommendations for future guidelines. We also analyze these issues for prior bioethics cases, such as cyborg insects and the 'microslavery' of microbes.

Possible Implications of QCD Axion Dark Matter Constraints from Helioscopes and Haloscopes for the String Theory Landscape.

Laboratory experiments have the capacity to detect the QCD axion in the next decade, and precisely measure its mass, if it composes the majority of the dark matter. In type IIB string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds in the geometric regime, the QCD axion mass, m_{a}, is strongly correlated with the topological Hodge number h^{1,1}. We compute m_{a} in a scan of 185965 compactifications of type IIB string theory on toric hypersurface Calabi-Yau threefolds.

Nonorthogonal Eigenvectors, Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations, and Entropy Production.

Celebrated fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) linking the response function to time dependent correlations of observables measured in the reference unperturbed state is one of the central results in equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this Letter we discuss an extension of the standard FDT to the case when multidimensional matrix representing transition probabilities is strictly non-normal. This feature dramatically modifies the dynamics, by incorporating the effect of eigenvector nonorthogonality via the associated overlap matrix of Chalker-Mehlig type.

Origin of Nonlinear Circular Photocurrent in 2D Semiconductor MoS_{2}.

Nonlinear photogalvanic effects in two-dimensional materials, particularly the nonlinear circular photocurrents (NCPs) that belong to the helicity-dependent spin photocurrents, have sparked enormous research interest. Although notable progress has been witnessed, the underling origin of NCPs remains elusive. Here, we present systematic photocurrent characteristics, symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations to uncover the physical origin of NCPs in MoS_{2}, a prototypical 2D semiconductor.

Communication Power of a Noisy Qubit.

A fundamental limitation of quantum communication is that a single qubit can carry at most one bit of classical information. For an important class of quantum communication channels, known as entanglement breaking, this limitation holds even if the sender and receiver share entangled particles. But does this mean that, for the purpose of communicating classical messages, a noisy entanglement-breaking qubit channel can be replaced by a noisy bit channel? Here we answer the question in the negative.

First Measurement of Missing Energy due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged-Current Interactions.

We present the first measurement of the missing energy due to nuclear effects in monoenergetic, muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon, originating from K^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ} decay at rest (E_{ν_{μ}}=235.5  MeV), performed with the J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at the J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source liquid scintillator based experiment. Toward characterizing the neutrino interaction, ostensibly ν_{μ}n→μ^{-}p or ν_{μ}^{12}C→μ^{-}^{12}N, we define the missing energy as the energy transferred to the nucleus (ω) minus the kinetic energy of the outgoing proton(s), E_{m}≡ω-∑T_{p}, and relate this to visible energy in the detector, E_{m}=E_{ν_{μ}}(235.