Hypotheses in light detection by vertebrate ancient opsin in the bird brain.

Extra-retinal photoreception is common across fish and avian species. In birds, the hypothalamus contains non-visual photoreceptors that detect light and regulate multiple endocrine systems. To date, light-dependent control of seasonal reproduction is one of the most well-studied systems that require deep brain photoreception.

Impact of insomnia: Cultural and societal aspects from a European survey.

Objectives: This European study explored the cultural and societal aspects of chronic insomnia by means of a survey undertaken in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The primary objectives were to understand the impact of insomnia on the daily lives of patients, both personally and professionally, and to evaluate the patients' perceptions and coping strategies thus identifying cultural differences in the management of this disorder.

Methods: Based on online panels targeting insomnia sufferers, the survey included 755 patients aged 35 to 65 years with moderate to severe insomnia for at least three months, occurring at least three times per week (DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder, ISI score 15-28).

Self-Care Interventions for Children and Young People With Neurodisabilities: A Mixed Methods Study of Current Therapy Practice in the United Kingdom.

Background: Self-care is a priority outcome for children and young people with neurodisabilities, their parents and therapists, but there is little evidence about paediatric therapy interventions for children's self-care in the United Kingdom.

Methods: Children with neurodisabilities, parents, therapists and teachers participated in this mixed methods study. Data were collected by interviews and observations of routine therapy appointments.

Associations of employment status, working time and job satisfaction with sleep duration and sleep quality among the 50+ population in Japan.

Few studies have addressed the relationship between sleep and employment in Japan. We use four waves of the Japan Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) to address the relationship between weekday sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality and four self-reported indicators of sleep quality and employment status (model 1, full sample), working hours and job satisfaction (model 2, working sample) among individuals aged 50 and over (N=7,082). We apply mixed effects models for the linear outcome of sleep duration and cumulative link mixed models for the sleep quality variables, controlling for socio-demographic and health characteristics.

Emergency care for young people after self-harm: a realist review protocol.

Introduction: In England, increasing numbers of young people seek help from emergency healthcare services, such as ambulances and emergency departments, after they self-harm. One contributing factor is a lack of meaningful and available community-based alternative sources of support for self-harm. It is not clear what helps young people in this context, how or why.

Effect of COVID-19 with or without acute kidney injury on inpatient mortality in England: a national observational study using administrative data.

Objectives: To evaluate hospital outcomes and their predictors during the pandemic for patients with and without COVID-19, stratified by the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Design: Retrospective observation study using the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for England.

Participants: 2 385 337 unique hospital admissions of adult patients from March 2020 to March 2021 in England.

Qualitative exploration of patient and caregiver experiences of bowel cancer care in Wales: from diagnosis to aftercare.

Introduction: Wales has higher rates of bowel cancer incidence and mortality than other UK nations, with over 2300 new cases and 900 deaths annually. Regional disparities in bowel cancer mortality underscore the need for a better understanding of patient experiences of bowel cancer care in Wales as well as exploring potential areas for improvement. This evaluation aimed to explore the experiences of individuals with a history of bowel cancer and their caregivers in Wales, UK, examining diagnosis, treatment and aftercare.

Going beyond ATP binding site as a novel inhibitor design strategy for tau protein kinases in the treatment of alzheimer's disease: A review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the top mortality causing diseases worldwide. The presence of extracellular β-amyloidosis, as well as intraneuronal neurofibrillary aggregates of the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two major characteristics of AD. Targeting protein kinases that are involved in the disease pathways has been a common approach in the fight against AD.

Corticosteroid use to mitigate transaminitis-associated decline in FVIII levels following valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy: clinical practice guidance.

Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is the only factor VIII (FVIII) gene therapy currently approved for adults with severe hemophilia A in Europe and the USA. Elevated alanine transaminase (transaminitis) has been the most common adverse event observed during valoctocogene roxaparvovec clinical trials. Typically mild and transient, this marker of hepatocyte injury coincides, in some patients, with reduced FVIII levels and is generally managed with a reactive course of corticosteroids.

Retinal Imaging in an Era of Open Science and Privacy Protection.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for analyzing complex data to advance patient care and disease research. For example, AI interpretation of retinal imaging may enable the development of noninvasive retinal biomarkers of systemic disease. One potential limitation, however, is government regulation regarding retinal imaging as biometric data, which has been recently under debate in the United States.

Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward.

Background: Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well as heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such as risk-taking. Computational models that can dissociate learning from impulsively initiating actions are essential for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying CD.

Development and Validation of Cough Hypersensitivity Assessment Test (CHAT).

Background: Cough hypersensitivity is an important clinical and pathophysiological feature of chronic cough, which involves chemical, mechanical, thermal stimuli, and sensory dysfunction. Currently, there is lack of a comprehensive method for evaluating cough hypersensitivity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the degree of cough hypersensitivity.

Rational cyclodextrin formulation design through insights into drug release mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract via molecular dynamic simulations.

Cyclodextrin formulations are crucial for enhancing the solubility of drugs. Bile salts are recognized as potential agents for displacing drugs from cyclodextrin formulations in intestinal fluids. However, the mechanism underlying this displacement remains unclear.

Current Nonclinical Testing Paradigm to Allow Clinical Entry for Pharmaceutical Drug Candidates.

Nonclinical safety testing (pharmacology, ADME and toxicology studies) needs to occur to support First-In-Human clinical entry for pharmaceutical drug candidates. Examination of the study package from the content of Investigator Brochures (IBs) for 32 small (non-oncology) molecules used to support such entry over a 4-year period (2020-2023) showed that a mean of 38 nonclinical studies were performed per molecule with pharmacology, ADME and toxicology testing contributing 37%, 39% and 24% of the studies, respectively. Examination of IBs used to support clinical entry of 15 small molecule oncology drugs gave similar values of 43 studies contributing 37%, 42% and 21%, respectively.

Anaerobic digestion at hyper-mesophilic temperatures: Microbiome and antibiotic resistome in full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

Temperatures between 40°C and 50°C are increasingly implemented in full-scale agricultural anaerobic digestion (AD), yet the microbial diversity and antibiotic resistome dynamics within this temperature range remain poorly understood. Here, we defined this range as "hyper-mesophilic" and surveyed five full-scale sites. Significant differences were found in the bacterial community structure, potentially stemming from feedstock combination (high vs low/non-manure) and operating temperature.

Chitooligosaccharide enhances plant resistance to P. nicotianae via sugar homeostasis and microorganism assembly.

Phytophthora nicotianae is a highly destructive soil-borne plant pathogen that leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are popular biostimulant which can promote plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of COS in resisting the black-shank disease (BSD, caused by P.

Extracellular vesicles modulate metabolic processes in Prymnesium parvum, the causative species of algal blooms.

Prymnesium parvum is one of the main contributors to harmful algal blooms, mainly because of its ability to produce prymnesin, a toxin involved in marine specie deaths occurring in these events. At the same time, scientific works are reporting the existence of microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles in different microalgal strains, which as in other species participate in different cellular processes and intra- and intercellular communication. Now, knowing that each of the toxic Prymnesium parvum strains produce one of the three known types of prymnesin, strains PPSR01, SAG 18.

A Bayesian Network model of pregnancy outcomes for England and Wales.

Efforts to fully exploit the rich potential of Bayesian Networks (BNs) have hitherto not seen a practical approach for development of domain-specific models using large-scale public statistics which have the potential to reduce the time required to develop probability tables and train the model. As a result, the duration of projects seeking to develop health BNs tend to be measured in years due to their reliance on obtaining ethics approval and collecting, normalising, and discretising collections of patient EHRs. This work addresses this challenge by investigating a new approach to developing health BNs that combines expert elicitation with knowledge from literature and national health statistics.

Evidence for word order harmony between abstract categories in silent gesture.

Cross-category harmony is the tendency for languages to use consistent orders of heads and dependents across different types of phrases. For example, languages tend to either place both verbs and adpositions before their dependents (e.g.

Upcycling textile derived microplastics waste collected from washer and dryers to carbonaceous products using hydrothermal carbonization.

Microplastics are an emerging pollutant of concern. Many microplastics in the waters arise from washing synthetic textiles in residential and commercial washing machines. The present research evaluated the upcycling of this waste to carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the exercise adherence Rating scale Mexican Spanish version (EARS-Mx).

Objective: The aim has been to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) for Mexican Spanish speaking population with non-specific chronic low back pain and assess its psychometric properties.

Methods: The study had two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric validation. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient); validity with construct validity (Spearman's correlation) and factor analysis; sensitivity to change with effect size and standardized response mean difference; feasibility by completion time in seconds; and ceiling/floor effects were calculated.

RF-EMF exposure assessment with add-on uplink exposure sensor in different microenvironments in seven European countries.

Introduction: Several devices have been developed to assess exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF). Since the existing solutions to measure the personal exposure induced by emerging 5G New Radio (NR) are expensive, complex, and bulky, a new cost efficient and low-complexity sensor is developed, that aims to measure RF-EMF exposure in different scenarios of data transmission within different areas.

Methods: With this novel sensor, activity-based microenvironmental surveys were conducted across seven European countries: Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Dive Medicine Capability at Rothera Research Station (British Antarctic Survey), Adelaide Island, Antarctica.

In December, we published an article titled "Dive Medicine Capability at Rothera Research Station (British Antarctic Survey), Adelaide Island, Antarctica" by Wood FNR, Bowen K, Hartley R, et al. The corresponding author would like to include an additional author, as their contribution was significant but was inadvertently omitted in the initial online publication. While this correction has been made in several versions circulated by the journal, not all have been updated.