GradeDiff-IM: An Ensembles Model-based Grade Classification of Breast Cancer.

Cancer grade classification is a challenging task identified from the cell structure of healthy and abnormal tissues. The partitioner learns about the malignant cell through the grading and plans the treatment strategy accordingly. A major portion of researchers used DL models for grade classification.

Platanus occidentalis L. fruit-derived carbon materials for electrochemical potassium storage.

In the post-lithium-ion battery era, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as a promising candidate because of their electrochemical and economic characteristics. However, as an emerging electrochemical storage technology, it is urgent to develop capable anode materials that can be produced at low cost and on a large scale to promote its practical application. Biomass-derived carbon materials as anodes of PIBs exhibit strong competitiveness by their merits of low weight, high stability, non-toxicity, and wide availability.

The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils).

Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected ~13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced various atmospheric optical phenomena and led to Northern Hemisphere climate cooling of ~1 °C. The source of this volcanic event remains enigmatic, though one hypothesis has linked it to a modest phreatomagmatic eruption of Ferdinandea in the Strait of Sicily, which may have emitted additional S through magma-crust interactions with evaporite rocks.

Methodology for the Positive Voices 2022 Survey of People With HIV Accessing Care in England, Wales, and Scotland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: Due to advances in treatment, HIV is now a chronic condition with near-normal life expectancy. However, people with HIV continue to have a higher burden of mental and physical health conditions and are impacted by wider socioeconomic issues. Positive Voices is a nationally representative series of surveys of people with HIV in the United Kingdom.

Unveiling Sociocultural Barriers to Breast Cancer Awareness Among the South Asian Population: Case Study of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.

Background: Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, are 2 densely populated South Asian neighboring regions with many socioeconomic and cultural similarities. In dealing with breast cancer (BC)-related issues, statistics show that people from these regions are having similar problems and fates. According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 and 2012 reports, for BC (particularly female BC), the age-standardized incidence rate is approximately 22 to 25 per 100,000 people, and the age-standardized mortality rate is approximately 11 to 13 per 100,000 for these areas.

Use of patient-centred outcome measures alongside the personal wheelchair budget process in NHS England: A mixed methods approach to exploring the staff and service user experience of using the WATCh and WATCh-Ad.

Background And Objective: Personal wheelchair budgets (PWBs) are offered to everyone in England eligible for a wheelchair provided through the National Health Service (NHS) to support their choice of equipment. The WATCh (Wheelchair outcomes Assessment Tool for Children) and related WATCh-Ad for adults are patient-centred outcome measures (PCOMs) developed to help individual users express their main outcome needs when obtaining a wheelchair and rate their satisfaction with subsequent outcomes after receiving their equipment. Use was explored in a real-world setting, aiming to produce guidance for use alongside the PWB process.

Development and validation of a high-throughput qPCR platform for the detection of soil-transmitted helminth infections.

Background: Historically, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control and prevention strategies have relied on mass drug administration efforts targeting preschool and school-aged children. While these efforts have succeeded in reducing morbidity associated with STH infection, recent modeling efforts have suggested that expanding intervention to treatment of the entire community could achieve transmission interruption in some settings. Testing the feasibility of such an approach requires large-scale clinical trials, such as the DeWorm3 cluster randomized trial.

Epcoritamab plus GemOx in transplant-ineligible relapsed/refractory DLBCL: results from the EPCORE NHL-2 trial.

Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor outcomes. Gemcitabine + oxaliplatin (GemOx) with rituximab, a standard salvage therapy, yields complete response (CR) rates of approximately 30% and median overall survival (OS) of 10-13 months. Patients with refractory disease fare worse, with a CR rate of 7% for subsequent therapies and median OS of 6 months.

Clinical and psychosocial context of HIV perinatally infected young mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A longitudinal mixed-methods study.

Background: The lives of adolescents and young people living with HIV (LHIV) are dominated by complex psychological and social stressors. These may be more pronounced among those perinatally infected. This longitudinal mixed-methods study describes the clinical and psychosocial challenges faced by HIV perinatally infected young mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe to inform tailored support.

A qualitative exploration of the enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods on smallholding, peri-urban pig farms in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Non-conformance with antibiotic withdrawal period guidelines represents a food safety concern, with potential for antibiotic toxicities and allergic reactions as well as selecting for antibiotic resistance. In the Kenyan domestic pig market, conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods is not a requirement of government legislation and evidence suggests that antibiotic residues may frequently be above recommended limits. In this study, we sought to explore enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods for pig farms supplying a local independent abattoir in peri-urban Nairobi.

Are we ready for self-sampling for cervical cancer screening? Insights from service providers and policy makers in Nepal.

Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among women in Nepal, but the country has very low screening rate, with only 8.2% of women being screened. In recent years, a self-sampling kit for testing for the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been developed to allow self-sampling and enable early detection of cervical abnormalities.

Measuring women's empowerment in aquaculture in northwestern Bangladesh using a project level women's empowerment in fisheries index (pro-WEFI).

Gender equality and women's empowerment have been increasingly emphasised in food production systems, including fisheries and aquaculture. Accurate assessment and understanding of the state, progress and changes in women's empowerment in the sub-sectors is required. We applied the project level Women's Empowerment in Fisheries and Aquaculture Index (pro-WEFI), which is based on the project-level women's empowerment in agriculture index (pro-WEAI) to standardize the measurement of women's agency and empowerment in fisheries and aquaculture.

Studying attention to IPCC climate change maps with mobile eye-tracking.

Many visualisations used in the climate communication field aim to present the scientific models of climate change to the public. However, relatively little research has been conducted on how such data are visually processed, particularly from a behavioural science perspective. This study examines trends in visual attention to climate change predictions in world maps using mobile eye-tracking while participants engage with the visualisations.

Guardian Knowledge in Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Prcis: Guardian education level and frequency of surgical interventions are key determinants of knowledge in primary congenital glaucoma, highlighting the need for targeted educational strategies.

Background: Management of congenital glaucoma poses unique challenges, particularly concerning the patient guardians' understanding of the condition, which is crucial for treatment adherence and follow-up compliance. This study aimed to assess guardians' knowledge levels and identify the influencing factors.

Quantifying spectral information about source separation in multisource odour plumes.

Odours released by objects in natural environments can contain information about their spatial locations. In particular, the correlation of odour concentration timeseries produced by two spatially separated sources contains information about the distance between the sources. For example, mice are able to distinguish correlated and anti-correlated odour fluctuations at frequencies up to 40 Hz, while insect olfactory receptor neurons can resolve fluctuations exceeding 100 Hz.

Ten simple rules for good model-sharing practices.

Computational models are complex scientific constructs that have become essential for us to better understand the world. Many models are valuable for peers within and beyond disciplinary boundaries. However, there are no widely agreed-upon standards for sharing models.

The ability of pentose pathways to form all essential metabolites provides clues to the origins of metabolism.

The structure of the early metabolic network is unknown. Here, we report that when considered together, pentose utilization pathways form all life-essential precursors. We speculate that the chemistry preserved in pentose metabolism could therefore have been a central structural element in early metabolism.

Clustering time-evolving networks using the spatiotemporal graph Laplacian.

Time-evolving graphs arise frequently when modeling complex dynamical systems such as social networks, traffic flow, and biological processes. Developing techniques to identify and analyze communities in these time-varying graph structures is an important challenge. In this work, we generalize existing spectral clustering algorithms from static to dynamic graphs using canonical correlation analysis to capture the temporal evolution of clusters.

The topology of a chaotic attractor in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

The Birman-Williams theorem gives a connection between the collection of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) contained within a chaotic attractor and the topology of that attractor, for three-dimensional systems. In certain cases, the fractal dimension of a chaotic attractor in a partial differential equation (PDE) is less than three, even though that attractor is embedded within an infinite-dimensional space. Here, we study the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky PDE at the onset of chaos.

Comorbidities Associated With Different Degrees of Severity in Children and Young People Hospitalized With Acute COVID-19.

In this prospective cohort study with 2326 hospitalized children and young people with coronavirus disease 2019 in Spain and Colombia, 36.4% had comorbidities. Asthma, recurrent wheezing, chronic neurological, cardiac and pulmonary diseases significantly increased the risk of severe outcomes such as death, mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission.

Enzymatic Cascades for Stereoselective and Regioselective Amide Bond Assembly.

Amide bond formation is fundamental in nature and is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other valuable products. Current methods for amide synthesis are often step and atom inefficient, requiring the use of protecting groups, deleterious reagents and organic solvents that create significant waste. The development of cleaner and more efficient catalytic methods for amide synthesis remains an urgent unmet need.

The NeuroML ecosystem for standardized multi-scale modeling in neuroscience.

Data-driven models of neurons and circuits are important for understanding how the properties of membrane conductances, synapses, dendrites, and the anatomical connectivity between neurons generate the complex dynamical behaviors of brain circuits in health and disease. However, the inherent complexity of these biological processes makes the construction and reuse of biologically detailed models challenging. A wide range of tools have been developed to aid their construction and simulation, but differences in design and internal representation act as technical barriers to those who wish to use data-driven models in their research workflows.

An Atomistic Analysis of the Carpet Growth of KCl Across Step Edges on the Ag(111) Surface.

The carpet growth of alkali halide (AH) layers across step edges of substrates enables the growth of seamless and continuous large domains. Yet, information about how the AH layer adapts continuously to the height difference between the terraces on the two sides of a step is only described by continuum models, which do not give details of the ionic displacements. Here, we present a first study of thin epitaxial KCl(100) layers grown on the Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy that provides atomistic details for the first time.

ctDNA: A Gateway for Personalized Risk Stratification in Surgically Resectable Hepatocellular Cancer.

While deemed potentially curative, surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with >70% risk of post-operative relapse. Recurrence is uniquely multifactorial in HCC, potentially stemming from metachronous re-occurrence of the original tumor or de novo cancerization. Circulating tumor DNA may improve personalized risk stratification post-resection, a setting where adjuvant immunotherapy has failed to provide survival benefits.