Brain drain in Emergency Medicine in Lebanon, building locally and exporting globally.

Objective: Despite the growth of Emergency Medicine (EM) globally, shortages of EM-trained physicians persist in many countries, disproportionately affecting lower middle/low-income countries (LMIC/LIC). This study examines the career paths of graduates of an Emergency Medicine residency-training program established in Lebanon with the aim of building local capacity in EM.

Design And Patients: This descriptive study utilizes secondary data sourced from an alumni database that includes nine cohorts of graduates from an Emergency Medicine residency program at the American University of Beirut Medical Center in Lebanon.

Nedosiran in pediatric patients with PH1 and relatively preserved kidney function, a phase 2 study (PHYOX8).

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive disorder with dysregulated glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. Oxalate over-production leads to renal stones, progressive kidney damage and renal failure, with potentially life-threatening systemic oxalosis. Nedosiran is a synthetic RNA interference therapy, designed to reduce hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to decrease oxalate burden in PH.

Assessment of Opuntia ficus-indica supplementation on enhancing antioxidant levels.

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFi) is a major fruit source prevalent in semiarid and arid regions across various countries worldwide. It is widely recognised for its potential health benefits; however, most studies investigating its effects have been limited to pre-clinical models, highlighting the need for further validation through clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of OFi supplementation in enhancing antioxidant levels.

Radon on Mars and the Moon derived from Martian and lunar meteorites.

The radioactive gas radon-222, a fluid and aerosol tracer in Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere, can also reveal subtle rock physics processes in extraterrestrial environments, such as those involving water, but remains poorly constrained in planetary bodies due to the limited number of samples available. Here we measure the effective radium-226 concentration (EC) of six Martian and nine lunar meteorites to derive radon source terms for Martian and lunar rocks. EC values are 0.

CADCAM Versus Conventional Denture Bases: Network Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies Comparing Accuracy and Surface Properties.

Introduction: This systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) analysed the current evidence on in vitro studies comparing trueness of fit, surface roughness, colour stability, surface wettability, water sorption, water solubility, and microbial adhesion between conventional and digital denture bases.

Methods: From inception until December 2023, a systematic search of published in-vitro studies from Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies was conducted. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024531416).

The GLP-1 Agonist Semaglutide Ameliorates Cognitive Regression in P301S Tauopathy Mice Model via Autophagy/ACE2/SIRT1/FOXO1-Mediated Microglia Polarization.

Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been recognized as an essential contributor to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. In the last decade, tau hyper-phosphorylation has gained considerable concern in AD therapeutic development. Tauopathies are manifested with a broad spectrum of symptoms, from dementia to cognitive decline and motor impairments.

The effect of nitrile gloves on temperature perception during hot water immersion.

Introduction: Scalds account for 40 % of burn injuries in developed countries, with a subset occurring during caregiving activities, particularly when gloves are worn. Gloves, a standard precaution against infection and body fluid exposure, may impair sensory feedback critical for detecting temperature changes, potentially increasing the risk of burns during personal care tasks.

Methods: This study investigated the impact of glove use on heat perception.

Tracing microplastics in environmental sources and migratory shorebirds along the Central Asian Flyway.

Microplastic pollution poses a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite its widespread occurrence, knowledge on the prevalence and fate of microplastics across food webs is limited. To bridge this gap, we conducted an extensive study on microplastic contamination in mudflats, mangroves, and sand beaches being key habitats for wintering shorebirds on the west coast of India.

Musculoskeletal model predictions sensitivity to upper body mass scaling during gait.

Musculoskeletal modeling based on inverse dynamics provides a cost-effective non-invasive means for calculating intersegmental joint reaction forces and moments, solely relying on kinematic data, easily obtained from smart wearables. On the other hand, the accuracy and precision of such models strongly hinge upon the selected scaling methodology tailored to subject-specific data. This study investigates the impact of upper body mass distribution on internal and external kinetics computed using a comprehensive musculoskeletal model during level walking in both normal weight and obese individuals.

A Bayesian Network model to integrate blue-green and gray infrastructure systems for different urban conditions.

In facing growing challenges in cities and the environment, cities need to make informed decisions on where and how to allocate resources for infrastructure investments. Nature-based Solutions present a promising approach to urban environmental and socioeconomic challenges, but their successful integration into urban planning requires a nuanced understanding of both their benefits and limitations. This paper presents a preliminary Bayesian Network model designed to model the optimal integration of specific blue-green and gray Infrastructure solutions in hybrid systems for specific local contexts.

The Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix May Not Increase 30-Day Complications in Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 10,177 Cases.

Background: Direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction offers immediate aesthetic and psychological benefits, but the role of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) remains debated. Using a multi-institutional database, this study evaluates and compares outcomes between ADM-assisted and non-ADM DTI procedures.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2008 to 2022 was queried to identify female patients who underwent DTI breast reconstruction for oncological purposes.

Improving paraffin precipitate inhibition using glycine and Palm-based Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) eco-friendly inhibitors.

Oil fields located in cold environments and deep-sea locations often face challenges with paraffin wax buildup in pipelines during long-distance crude oil transportation. Various strategies have been employed to address this issue, with chemical methods being the most effective and economical. However, traditional chemical inhibitors present problems due to their high toxicity and low biodegradability, leading to increased operational costs and environmental concerns.

Comparing Sectional and Total Dentin Bond Strengths of Three Endodontic Sealers after Using the Single-cone Obturation Technique: An Study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate and compare the total and sectional bond strengths of three endodontic sealers when used with the single-cone obturation technique.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five human maxillary central incisors were prepared and divided into three groups according to the type of endodontic sealer: Group I (Gutta-percha/AH Plus Jet), group II (Gutta-percha/GuttaFlow 2), and group III (RealSeal/RealSeal SE). All canals were filled with the single-cone technique.

Effect of Mushroom, Ozone Gas, and Their Combination as Pretreatment Materials on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin.

Aim: To assess the effect of mushrooms, ozone gas, and their combination as cavity disinfectants on the bonding strength of composite to dentin.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 40 sound premolar teeth randomly divided into four groups. Group I: control group, Group II: mushroom group, Group III: Ozone group, and Group IV: mushroom + ozone gas (combination) group.

Recommendations on Rapid Diagnostic Point-of-care Molecular Tests for Respiratory Infections in the United Arab Emirates.

Traditional testing methods in the Middle East Region, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), particularly the testing of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza, group A streptococcus (GAS), and COVID-19 have the potential to be upgraded to new and advanced diagnostics methods that improve lead time to diagnosis, consumption of healthcare resources and patient experience. In addition, based on the research, it was reported that there is an underreporting of respiratory cases, overuse of antibiotics, and prolonged hospitalizations which is posing pressure on UAE healthcare stakeholders. A literature review was done exploring UAE's current diagnostic practices, recommended guidelines, diagnostic gaps, and challenges in RSV, GAS, Influenza, and COVID-19.

Metabolomics insights into doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil combination therapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a xenograft mouse model study.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Among its subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its aggressive behavior and limited treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as monotherapies and in combination using an established MDA-MB-231 xenograft model in female BALB/C nude mice employing advanced metabolomics analysis to identify molecular alterations induced by these treatments.

Ultraviolet-C-based sanitization is a cost-effective option for hospitals to manage health care-associated infection risks from high touch mobile phones.

Mobile phones have become essential tools for health care workers around the world, but as high touch surfaces, they can harbor microorganisms that pose infection risks to patients and staff. As their use in hospitals increases, hospital managers must introduce measures to sanitize mobile phones and reduce risks of health care-associated infections. But such measures can involve substantial costs.

eNSMBL-PASD: Spearheading early autism spectrum disorder detection through advanced genomic computational frameworks utilizing ensemble learning models.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no definitive clinical test, such as a blood analysis or brain scan, for early diagnosis. The objective of this study is to develop a computational model that predicts ASD driver genes in the early stages using genomic data, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and intervention.

Experiences and overall impact reported by people living with obesity: results from a multinational study.

Objectives: To explore the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life, emotional well-being, and work productivity in people/patients with obesity across six countries by body mass index and the presence of complications.

Methods: Adelphi Real World Obesity Disease Specific Programme™ captured data related to physicians and their consulting people/patients with obesity on a weight management program or anti-obesity medication in Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates from April to December 2022. Physicians reported data for up to eight qualifying people/patients with obesity.

Cultural Authority and (Non)Compliance with Public Health Directives: The Effect of Legitimacy and Values on Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the success of public health authorities' strategies to curb the spread of the virus hinged on individuals' voluntary compliance with their directives. This study considers how two components of the cultural authority of public health influenced compliance with health guidelines during the pandemic: (1) individuals' views of public health officials as legitimate and (2) the shared value of health. I also examine the influence of other basic values, alongside health, on pandemic behavior.

Enhancing the understanding of safety and the quality of patient care among medical and health sciences students in interprofessional climate: an interventional study.

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) plays an essential role in improving healthcare outcomes through achieving shared understanding. Unfortunately, most healthcare professionals have not received training for patient safety (PS) in an interprofessional setting, which can meet the societal medical needs. This study aimed to foster the understanding of senior medical, dental, pharmacy and health sciences students about PS and quality of care at the University of Sharjah (UoS) in UAE.

Psychometric properties of an arabic translation of the short boredom proneness scale (SBPS) in adults.

Background: The Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS) is a common tool for assessing individuals' inclination toward Boredom. The Arabic version of the SBPS has not been validated despite the language being spoken by over 420 million people worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to translate the SBPS into Arabic and prove its psychometric properties on a sample of Arabic-speaking adults from Lebanon.

Clinical efficacy of lasers in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcers of oral cavity: a systematic review of randomized control trials.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of mankind's most common diseases with a nonspecific etiology. Lasers are gaining traction in dentistry due to their remarkable effects on pain reduction. Their convenience and lack of side effects have made them an attractive alternative to conventional interventions.