Engineered Strategies for Lipid Droplets-Targeted AIEgens Based on Tetraphenylethene.

Lipid droplets (LDs), once regarded as inert fat particles, have been ignored by scientific researchers for a long time. Now, studies have shown that LDs are dynamic organelles used to store neutral lipids in cells and maintain cell stability. The abnormality of intracellular LDs usually causes metabolic disorders in the body, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer, so the LDs have attracted wide attention.

The Emerging Role of Schwann Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Potential Clinical Application.

As the primary glial cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells (SCs) have been proven to influence the behavior of cancer cells profoundly and are involved in cancer progression through extensive interactions with cancer cells and other stromal cells. Indeed, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical factor that can significantly limit the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. The TME promotes tumor progression in part by reshaping an immunosuppressive state.

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Fibrosis: Friends or Foes?

Liver fibrosis represents a common pathway in the progression of various chronic liver diseases towards cirrhosis and liver failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by diverse cell types, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic vesicles, and the recently identified migrasomes. These vesicles can be taken up by recipient cells, thereby modulating their function through the transport of cargo molecules.

Next-Generation Sequencing of Chinese Children with Congenital Hearing Loss Reveals Rare and Novel Variants in Known and Candidate Genes.

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common disorder in newborns with a highly heterogeneous genetic background. Despite significant progress in screening and identifying genes related to congenital hearing loss, there are still candidate genes implicated in HL that remain undiscovered. We investigated HL in 43 Chinese families by segregating bilateral sensorineural HL via whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing.

The Effect of Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil on and in Planktonic and Mucosal Models.

Despite MCT oil's potential antimicrobial benefits for gastrointestinal health, its effects on disrupting cariogenic pathogens on oral mucosal surfaces remain underexplored. This study evaluated the impact of MCT oil on the adhesion and invasion of and using planktonic and mucosal models. First, a planktonic model was used to assess the impact of various concentrations of MCT on the growth of and .

Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insights and the Promise of Gut-Brain Axis Therapies.

Radiation therapy is widely recognized as an efficacious modality for treating neoplasms located within the craniofacial region. Nevertheless, this approach is not devoid of risks, predominantly concerning potential harm to the neural structures. Adverse effects may encompass focal cerebral necrosis, cognitive function compromise, cerebrovascular pathology, spinal cord injury, and detriment to the neural fibers constituting the brachial plexus.

From Adipose to Ailing Kidneys: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease.

Obesity has emerged as a significant public health crisis, closely linked to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review explores the intricate relationship between obesity-induced lipid metabolism disorders and renal health. We discuss how excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) lead to lipid accumulation in renal tissues, resulting in cellular lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, ultimately contributing to renal injury.

Whole-genome sequencing identified ALK as a novel susceptible gene of Hirschsprung disease.

Background And Study Aims: Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a complex developmental disease that resulted from impaired proliferation and migration of neural crest cells. Despite the genetic causation of enteric nervous system have been found to be responsible for part of HD cases, the genetic aetiology of most HD patients still needs to be explored.

Patients And Methods: Whole-genome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing validation analysis were performed in 13 HD children and their unaffected parents.

[Advances in the genetics of venous thromboembolic disease].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is clinically manifested as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). VTE is the third most prevalent vascular disease after coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. VTE is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genetic and acquired risk factors.

Atractylenolide Ⅲ partially alleviates tunicamycin-induced damage in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation by reducing oxidative stress.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is widely used to address infertility and enhance reproductive outcomes in livestock. Among various ART techniques, in vitro maturation (IVM) is commonly used to obtain high-quality oocytes but is susceptible to oxidative stress. In traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Bai Zhu) is used to enhance maternal and fetal health.

Perillaldehyde pretreatment alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving mitochondrial structure and function via the Nrf2/Keap1/Trx2 axis.

Background: Perilladehyde, an extract of perillae in the Labiatae family, can produce significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although literature evidences the favorable effect of perillaldehyde on ischemic stroke, the exact mechanism remains blurred.

Purpose: This study attempted to explore the impact of perillaldehyde on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the related action mechanism.

Yes-associated protein-based detection of acute type A aortic dissection and evaluation of therapeutic responses.

Background: Acute aortic dissection is a lethal cardiovascular emergency; early diagnosis is critically necessary. Novel serum biomarkers can potentially help in early detection and estimation of postoperative outcomes. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a critical effector of the Hippo pathway, our aim was to explore the association between YAP and the diagnosis and prognosis of AD.

Durvalumab and pembrolizumab in advanced biliary tract cancer: a reconstructed patient-level mimic head-to-head comparative analysis.

Background: The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) has been approved to statistically improve survival outcomes in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. However, since the survival time was only prolonged by about two months, doubts have been raised. In this analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining durvalumab or pembrolizumab with GP chemotherapy.

The role of PPAR in fungal keratitis.

The treatment of fungal keratitis(FK) remains challenging due to delayed fungal detection and the limited effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Fungal infection can activate both innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. Fungi stimulate the production of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and mediate the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells.

The additive effect of the stress hyperglycemia ratio on type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has recently gained attention as a marker for acute hyperglycemia, which has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes. However, its independent role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains understudied. This cohort study aimed to assess the association between SHR and the incidence of T2D.

ALKBH5 promotes autophagy and progression by mediating m6A methylation of lncRNA UBOX5-AS1 in endometriosis.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification have recently been suggested as potential functional modulators in ovarian endometriosis, however, the function and mechanism of m6A-modified lncRNA in ovarian endometriosis remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA UBOX5-AS1 expression was significantly elevated in ovarian endometriosis tissue and primary ectopic endometrial stromal cells. The expression of lncRNA UBOX5-AS1, which has m6A modifications, was highly positively correlated with demethylase Alk B homologous protein 5 (ALKBH5) expression and autophagy.

Construction of carbon dot-embedded fluorescent hydrogels based on oxidized gum arabic-gelatin Schiff base for Cr(VI) detection applications.

In this study, a novel nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot/oxidized gum arabic-gelatin-based fluorescent probe (NAH) was prepared using gelatin (GL) and gum arabic (AG) biomolecules. The primary network structure of this hydrogel consisted of polyacrylamide (PAM), while a secondary network structure was constructed between oxidized gum arabic and gelatin through the reaction of the Schiff base, which significantly enhanced the mechanical properties, the stress and strain of NAH reached 266.47 KPa and 2175.

Dual-target nanotherapy for vascular endothelium and bone mesenchymal stem cells halt steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head progression.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a common hip joint disease that imposes a heavy economic burden on society. Patients continue to experience bone necrosis even after discontinuing glucocorticoid therapy, and the specific mechanisms require further investigation. The results of this study demonstrate that exosomes secreted by damaged vascular endothelial cells in SANFH lesions may be a crucial factor leading to abnormal adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Ferroptosis and PANoptosis Under Hypoxia Pivoting on the Crosstalk between DHODH and GPX4 in Corneal Epithelium.

Cell death under stress conditions like hypoxia, involves multiple interconnected pathways. In this study, a stable dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) knockdown human corneal epithelial cell line was established to explore the regulation of hypoxic cell death, which was mitigated by various cell death inhibitors, particularly by a lipid peroxyl radical scavenger liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), suggesting that hypoxic cell death involves crosstalk of ferroptosis and PANoptosis. We discovered that both DHODH and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protected cells from hypoxic death by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential.

mRNA-laden lipid nanoparticle-enabled humanized CD19 CAR-T-cell engineering for the eradication of leukaemic cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown transformative potential in treating malignant tumours, with increasing global approval of CAR-T products. However, high-production costs and risks associated with viral vector-based CAR-T cells-such as insertional mutagenesis and secondary tumour formation-remain challenges. Our study introduces an innovative CAR-T engineering approach using mRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), aiming to reduce costs and enhance safety while maintaining strong anti-tumour efficacy.

Development and evaluation of an in-beam PET system for proton therapy monitoring.

Objective: In-beam positron emission tomography (PET) has important development prospects in real-time monitoring of proton therapy. However, in the beam-on operation, the high bursts of radiation events pose challenges to the performance of the PET system.

Approach: In this study, we developed a dual-head in-beam PET system for proton therapy monitoring and evaluated its performance.

Unveiling the NEFH+ malignant cell subtype: Insights from single-cell RNA sequencing in prostate cancer progression and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, ranking among the most prevalent malignancies in men. In 2020, there were 1,414,259 new cases of PCa worldwide, accounting for 7.3% of all malignant tumors.

Construction of a clinically significant prostate cancer risk prediction model based on traditional diagnostic methods.

Objectives: to construct a prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 1196 Asian patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUSB) between June 2000 and February 2023. Patients were randomly divided into a training set of 837 cases (70%) and a validation set of 359 patients (30%).