radiosensitivity and Mn antioxidant content: antigenic preservation and pathobiology.

The bacterium responsible for Lyme disease, , accumulates high levels of manganese without iron and possesses a polyploid genome, characteristics suggesting potential extreme resistance to radiation. Contrary to expectations, we report that wild-type B31 cells are radiosensitive, with a gamma-radiation survival limit for 10 wild-type cells of <1 kGy. Thus, we explored radiosensitivity through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy by quantitating the fraction of Mn present as antioxidant Mn metabolite complexes (H-Mn).

Advances in the Treatment of Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis of the Face: The Role of PIK3CA Mutations and Microvascular Reconstruction.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a rare aggressive-benign disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial overgrowth and complex, often asymmetrical, facial differences. Recently linked with the PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, it arises from mosaic mutations in the PIK3CA gene. Treatment, largely supportive and tailored to individual clinical presentations, requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Teaching of Medical Ethics Regarding Military, Genetic, Reproductive, and Student Ethics, and the Holocaust at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) During Its First Fifty Years.

Introduction: The first class at USUHS took its initial course in medical ethics in 1977. I directed this course until recently when COVID first emerged. In this piece, I review what these students were taught during the first 3 of 8 class sessions involving children, end-of-life care, and rersearch.

Teaching of Medical Ethics Regarding Military, Genetic, Reproductive, Student Ethics, and the Holocaust at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) During Its First Fifty Years.

Introduction: The first class at USUHS took its initial course in medical ethics in 1977. I directed this course until recently when COVID first emerged. In this piece, I review what these students were taught during the last 5 of 8 class sessions involving the military, genetic, reproduction, student ethics, and the Holocaust.

A Pilot Randomized Control Trial Testing a Smartphone-Delivered Food Attention Retraining Program in Adolescent Girls with Overweight or Obesity.

Background/objectives: Attention bias (AB) toward food is associated with obesity, but it is unclear if programs designed to reduce AB can impact adolescents' eating behavior. We investigated whether a two-week, smartphone-delivered attention retraining (AR) program (vs a control program) altered food AB in adolescent girls with overweight.

Methods: Participants completed three food-cue visual-probe trainings/day.

Comparing Black and White Patients in Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer and Survival in an Equal Access Health System.

Background: Racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment and survival in the U.S. have been attributed to differences in access to care and medical insurance.

Cardiac MRI in Rheumatic Disease.

Immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders present a latent threat for cardiovascular disease. Early involvement may be associated with constitutional symptoms, while clinical evidence of disease may manifest later in an insidious manner. Multimodality imaging is crucial to detect myocardial involvement, with transthoracic echocardiogram as a first-line imaging modality; however, cardiac MRI (CMRI) has the potential to significantly impact our diagnostic and therapeutic approaches through high-fidelity chamber quantification and parametric mapping techniques.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of loss-of-control eating in relation to cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers.

Introduction: Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, or the subjective experience of being unable to stop eating, is a hallmark feature of binge-eating episodes, which are also characterized by consuming an unusually large amount of food. However, regardless of the size of eating episode, LOC-eating may be a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively examine the relationship of LOC-eating with cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers.

Racial-Ethnic Comparison of Treatment for Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Military Health System.

Purpose: We aimed to compare Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White patients in treatment for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the equal access Military Health System to better understand racial-ethnic cancer health disparities observed in the United States.

Methods: We used the MilCanEpi database to identify a cohort of men and women aged 18 or older who were diagnosed with PTC between 1998 and 2014. Low- or high-risk status was assigned using tumor size and lymph node involvement.

The case for metacognitive reflection: a theory integrative review with implications for medical education.

The concepts of metacognitive reflection, reflection, and metacognition are distinct but have undergone shifts in meaning as they migrated into medical education. Conceptual clarity is essential to the construction of the knowledge base of medical education and its educational interventions. We conducted a theoretical integrative review across diverse bodies of literature with the goal of understanding what metacognitive reflection is.

Neural underpinnings of threat bias in relation to loss-of-control eating behaviors among adolescent girls with high weight.

Introduction: Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, a key feature of binge-eating disorder, may relate attentional bias (AB) to highly salient interpersonal stimuli. The current pilot study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to explore neural features of AB to socially threatening cues in adolescent girls with and without LOC-eating.

Methods: Girls (12-17 years old) with overweight or obesity (BMI >85th percentile) completed an AB measure on an affective dot-probe AB task during MEG and evoked neural responses to angry or happy (vs.

The Need for Artificial Intelligence Curriculum in Military Medical Education.

The success of deep-learning algorithms in analyzing complex structured and unstructured multidimensional data has caused an exponential increase in the amount of research devoted to the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine in the past decade. Public release of large language models like ChatGPT the past year has generated an unprecedented storm of excitement and rumors of machine intelligence finally reaching or even surpassing human capability in detecting meaningful signals in complex multivariate data. Such enthusiasm, however, is met with an equal degree of both skepticism and fear over the social, legal, and moral implications of such powerful technology with relatively little safeguards or regulations on its development.

Circuits and Biomarkers of the Central Nervous System Relating to Astronaut Performance: Summary Report for a NASA-Sponsored Technical Interchange Meeting.

Biomarkers, ranging from molecules to behavior, can be used to identify thresholds beyond which performance of mission tasks may be compromised and could potentially trigger the activation of countermeasures. Identification of homologous brain regions and/or neural circuits related to operational performance may allow for translational studies between species. Three discussion groups were directed to use operationally relevant performance tasks as a driver when identifying biomarkers and brain regions or circuits for selected constructs.

Changes in Food Consumption, BMI, and Body Composition in Youth in the US during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Rates of childhood overweight/obesity have risen for decades; however, data show the prevalence increased at a faster rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-associated increases in youth's body mass index (BMI; kg/m) have been attributed to decreases in reported physical activity; few studies have examined changes in food intake. We therefore examined changes in total energy, nutrient consumption, BMI, BMIz, and adiposity longitudinally over 3 years, comparing healthy youth aged 8-17 years assessed twice prior to the pandemic, to youth seen once before and once during the pandemic.

Associated features of pediatric loss-of-control eating severity during a laboratory-based feeding paradigm.

Laboratory-based loss-of-control eating (LOC-eating; i.e., feeling like one cannot stop eating) paradigms have provided inconsistent evidence that the features of pediatric LOC-eating are consistent with those of DSM-5-TR binge-eating episodes.

The scientific revolution that unraveled the astonishing DNA repair capacity of the : 40 years on.

The family exhibits exceptional radiation resistance and possesses all the necessary traits for surviving in radiation-exposed environments. Their survival strategy involves the coupling of metabolic and DNA repair functions, resulting in an extraordinarily efficient homologous repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by radiation or desiccation. The keys to their survival lie in the hyperaccumulation of manganous (Mn)-metabolite antioxidants that protect their DNA repair proteins under extreme oxidative stress and the persistent structural linkage by Holliday junctions of their multiple genome copies per cell that facilitates DSB repair.

Prefrontal cortex activation by binge-eating status in individuals with obesity while attempting to reappraise responses to food using functional near infrared spectroscopy.

Purpose: Difficulty reappraising drives to consume palatable foods may promote poorer inhibition and binge eating (BE) in adults with obesity, but neural underpinnings of food-related reappraisal are underexamined.

Methods: To examine neural correlates of food-related reappraisal, adults with obesity with and without BE wore a portable neuroimaging tool, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS measured activity in the prefrontal cortex while participants watched videos of food and attempt to "resist" the food stimuli (i.