Effects of Stigmatizing Language on Trainees' Clinical Decision-Making in Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be one of the most stigmatized and under-treated conditions in the United States. Stigmatizing language used by healthcare workers can transmit bias to others within healthcare, including medical trainees. This study investigates how stigmatizing language and undergraduate medical education (UME) curricula may influence trainees' clinical decision-making for patients with SUD.

NELL1 variant protein (NV1) modulates hyper-inflammation, Th-1 mediated immune response, and the HIF-1α hypoxia pathway to promote healing in viral-induced lung injury.

Research underscores the urgent need for technological innovations to treat lung tissue damage from viral infections and the lasting impact of COVID-19. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of recombinant human NV1 protein in promoting a pro-healing extracellular matrix that regulates homeostasis in response to excessive tissue reactions caused by infection and injury. NV1 achieves this by calibrating multiple biological mechanisms, including reducing hyperinflammatory cytokine levels (e.

Updates in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination to Improve Medical Readiness in Active Duty Service Members.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is associated with the development of genital warts, precancerous lesions, and cancers of the oropharynx, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, and cervix. HPV-associated diseases are preventable through vaccination. An Australian nationwide vaccination program will effectively eliminate cervical cancer as a public health concern by the year 2035.

Hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in Chile: epidemiological study and molecular analyses of Orientia infection in rodents and rodent-associated mites.

Candidatus Orientia chiloensis causes scrub typhus over a wide geographical range in southern Chile. The life cycle, including vectors and reservoirs of this novel rickettsial pathogen, is incompletely understood. We analyzed rodent tissue and rodent-associated mite samples collected during a field study in six localities on Chiloé Island, where human scrub typhus cases have occurred.

Examining the Discrepancy between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Processing Speed Performance in Military Personnel with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine correlates of the discrepancy between subjective cognitive complaints and processing speed performance in a sample of military personnel with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method: About 235 U.S.

Genotype-phenotype associations in individuals with Diamond Blackfan anaemia.

Introduction: Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare disorder characterized by failure of red blood cell production, congenital abnormalities and cancer predisposition, primarily caused by pathogenic germline variants in genes encoding ribosomal proteins.

Methods: We conducted a genotype-phenotype and outcome study of 121 patients with DBA spanning the 20-year history of the National Cancer Institute's Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes study. Patient phenotypes were compared by large versus small ribosomal protein genes, across genes with >5 cases (, , and ) and by type of pathogenic variants (hypomorphic versus null, large deletions versus others).

Incidence of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization in 3000 Military Personnel, Assessing Sex, Race, Installation, and Occupational Impacts.

: IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is associated with (lone star tick) bites, accounting for the regional distribution of the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). Longitudinal studies describing risk factors for incident alpha-gal sensitization are lacking. The objective of this project was to assess the incidence of alpha-gal IgE seroconversion and identify associated demographic, occupational, and geographical risk factors among US military personnel.

Role of Annexin 7 (ANXA7) as a Tumor Suppressor and a Regulator of Drug Resistance in Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in the United States, with an overall favorable prognosis. However, some patients experience poor outcomes due to the development of resistance to conventional therapies. Genetic alterations, including mutations in BRAF, Met, and p53, play critical roles in thyroid cancer progression, with the BRAF V600E mutation detected in over 60% of cases.

Endothelial Dysfunction and Impaired Wound Healing Following Radiation Combined Skin Wound Injury.

Currently, there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medical countermeasures (MCMs) for radiation combined injury (RCI), partially due to limited understanding of its mechanisms.

Associations between phenotypes of childhood and adolescent obesity and incident hypertension in young adulthood.

Objectives: We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex.

Methods: Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis.

Teaching of Medical Ethics Regarding Military, Genetic, Reproductive, and Student Ethics, and the Holocaust at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) During Its First Fifty Years.

Introduction: The first class at USUHS took its initial course in medical ethics in 1977. I directed this course until recently when COVID first emerged. In this piece, I review what these students were taught during the first 3 of 8 class sessions involving children, end-of-life care, and rersearch.

Teaching of Medical Ethics Regarding Military, Genetic, Reproductive, Student Ethics, and the Holocaust at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) During Its First Fifty Years.

Introduction: The first class at USUHS took its initial course in medical ethics in 1977. I directed this course until recently when COVID first emerged. In this piece, I review what these students were taught during the last 5 of 8 class sessions involving the military, genetic, reproduction, student ethics, and the Holocaust.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Physical Fitness in Air Force Basic Trainees.

Introduction: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on physical fitness in previously healthy adults is not well understood. In this study, we assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the physical fitness test (PT) scores of Air Force basic trainees.

Materials And Methods: SARS-CoV-2 testing data and trainee fitness test scores for the calendar year 2021 were obtained from U.

Improving Expeditionary Blood Supply via Type-Specific Whole Blood.

Introduction: Blood is critical to expeditionary casualty care. Currently, low-titer O whole blood is the preferred product, because it serves as a universal blood product, but demand is higher than supply. Type-specific whole blood (TSWB) has the potential to address this shortfall and provide an identical clinical benefit to specific patient populations.

IL-1ra and CCL5, but not IL-10, are promising targets for treating SMA astrocyte-driven pathology.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a pediatric genetic disorder characterized by the loss of spinal cord motor neurons. Although the mechanisms underlying motor neuron loss are not clear, current data suggest that glial cells contribute to disease pathology. We have previously found that SMA astrocytes drive microglial activation and motor neuron loss potentially through the upregulation of NFkB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Redefining faculty workload metrics: A data-driven approach.

Background: Benchmarking faculty workload is key for equity, but a standard model like the Carnegie Unit, originally designed for student workload, does not fit all scenarios.

Methods: A novel Faculty Effort Data Collection Tool assessed whether the Carnegie Unit accurately reflected faculty effort in a graduate nursing program. Workload was evaluated course-by-course based on faculty self-reported hours.

Normative Ranges for Oculomotor and Reaction Time Tests in U.S. Military Service Members and Veterans.

Background:  Oculomotor and reaction time tests are frequently used assessments of vestibular symptoms, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or other neurological disorders in both clinical and research contexts. When interpreting these tests it is important to have a reference interval (RI) as a comparison for what constitutes a typical/expected response; however, the current body of research has only limited information regarding normative ranges calculated according to established standards or for a military-specific sample.

Purpose:  The purpose of the present study was to describe RIs for oculomotor and reaction time tests in a cohort of service members and veterans (SMVs) for use as comparators by clinicians and scientists.

Home Use Therapies for Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Military Service Members with a Musculoskeletal Injury: An Updated Systematic Review Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MSK) injury can negatively affect service members by compromising job performance and readiness. These injuries can impact the service member's physical health, functional abilities, and quality of life (QoL). Rehabilitation therapies for MSK injuries can reduce these impacts.

Associations of plasma extracellular microRNAs with new-onset breast cancer in the Framingham heart study.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with breast cancer progression or metastasis. The purpose of the current study was to identify plasma extracellular miRNAs associated with incident breast cancer.

Factors Associated With Return to Activity After Concussion Among Female Service Academy Members: Findings From the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.

Introduction: Service academy members are at high risk for concussions as a result of participation in both sports and military-specific training activities. Approximately 17% of active duty service members are female, and they face unique challenges in achieving timely recovery from concussions. Understanding the unique characteristics affecting return to unrestricted activity (RTA) among female service academy members is imperative for the ever-growing proportion of females across the U.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) mortality in Vietnam war era veterans.

Background: There is concern about the risk of cholangiocarcinoma mortality (CCA) among U.S. veterans who deployed to the Vietnam War theater.