Punctate Palmoplantar Keratoderma: A Case Report of Type 1 (Buschke-Fischer-Brauer Disease).

Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma is a rare hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. Herein we report a 59-year-old male, otherwise healthy, who presented with a 25-year history of asymptomatic persistent slowly progressing skin lesions on both hands. The parents are non-consanguineous and none of his family members had similar lesions.

Experience of King Abdullah Medical City in Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Prior to Bariatric Surgery in Extremely High-Risk Patients for Thromboembolic Events.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is used to treat morbid obese patients. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered to be one of the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore, inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) is used to minimize the risk of VTE in high-risk patients.

Prevalence and characterization of urolithiasis in the Western region of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urolithiasis among the Saudi population in Makkah region.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on February 2017 in Makkah region (Makkah, Jeddah, and Taif). Data were obtained through direct interviews with participants, using an 18-questions-self-questionnaire, inquiring about demographic data (age, gender, weight, height, location, and occupation), educational level, history of renal stone disease (symptoms, modality of diagnosis, hospital admission, and previous treatment), and risk factors of stone formation such as family history and daily fluid intake.

Perioperative management and postoperative outcome of patients undergoing cytoreduction surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Background And Aims: The existence of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as a multidisciplinary approach for peritoneal cancer gains acceptance in many countries including Saudi Arabia. The aim of our study is to describe the perioperative management of patients who received CRS/HIPEC and to report their outcomes and complications at our tertiary centre.

Methods: The preoperative characteristics, surgical variables, perioperative management, postoperative course and outcomes of 38 CRS/HIPEC patients were prospectively collected and analysed.

Multiple myeloma of young adult presented with paraplegia, rare case report in Saudi Arabia.

Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy. It is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The mean age at diagnosis is 65 years.

Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections after Cytoreduction Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: An Observational Single-Centre Study.

Introduction: While hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after cytoreduction surgery (CRS) has been shown to improve patient survival and disease-free progression in peritoneal carcinoma (PC) patients, the procedure relates to a high postoperative infection rate. Herein, we report the bacterial and fungal infections after CRS and HIPEC from a single institution in Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 38 patients with PC selected for CRS/HIPEC procedure between 2012 and 2015 in our centre.

Effect of intra-canal cryotherapy on post-endodontic pain in single-visit RCT: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cold and room-temperature normal saline as a final irrigation on post-endodontic pain and to compare the post-endodontic pain level between the different protocols.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 105 patients who underwent RCT and were distributed blindly and randomly into three equal groups (n = 35): Group 1, Cryotherapy group; Group 2, Room- temperature normal saline group; and Group 3, Control group. The patients were asked to fill out the VAS questionnaire and register their post-endodontic pain at 6, 24, and 48 h.

Makkah female teachers' knowledge of seizure first aid.

Background: Epilepsy is a common disorder in Saudi Arabia, with a prevalence of 6.54/1000 people. Most patients with epilepsy in the country are younger than 19 years of age, and thus, many occurrences of epileptic seizures can occur in schools.

Improving survival outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A 25-year experience from a single center in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The development of cancer programs in developing countries to meet the standards observed in high-income developed countries is not well documented.

Methods: An analysis of patient care of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the Princess Noorah Oncology Center over 25 years was performed. A number of improvements were introduced over time including optimizing the cancer care delivery culture, improving access to care, optimizing supportive care, and refining diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

Predicting different factors that affect hospital utilization and outcomes Among diabetic patients admitted with hypoglycemia using structural equation modeling.

Background: Hypoglycemia (HG) is a common complication among diabetic patients. Many diabetics who experience HG are admitted to hospitals and usually utilize more resources. While plenty of studies examined multiple HG risk factors, there is limited knowledge about the correlation between different risk factors of HG and their impact on utilization.

Achieving comprehensive remission or low disease activity in rheumatoid patients and its impact on workability - Saudi Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry.

Purpose: Ability to work is an important endpoint in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is not clear what outcome measures should be used to guide treatment in order to maximize workability. This study addressed the impact of RA on workability in a Saudi population and examined the correlation between objective measures of disease activity and reduced workability.

Urological knowledge among primary health care physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate the general knowledge among primary health care (PHC) physicians regarding the management of common urological problems in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is an observational prospective study, where a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to practicing PHC physicians in the western region of Saudi Arabia on January 2017. The questionnaire consisted of 21-item questions, inquiring about demographics and general urological knowledge and skills.

Oral healthcare management in heroin and methadone users.

Heroin addiction is associated with poor oral health. Oral and dental care in heroin addiction might be complicated by altered mental status, negative attitude towards oral health, dental anxiety and fear, drug interaction, and associated medical co-morbidity. We present the oral findings and discuss the dental, behavioural, and anaesthetic management considerations in a 46-year-old man who had dental anxiety and had been an intravenous heroin user for the past 23 years.

Relapse rates after elective discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis and review of literature.

Background: Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are current mainstay of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The decision when to withdraw TNF-α inhibitors after achieving remission and the incidence of relapse rates with elective discontinuation are both important questions that demand intense survey in these patients. In this meta-analysis we aimed to estimate the magnitude of relapse rate after elective TNF-α inhibitor discontinuation in RA patients with remission.

Intrathecal dose intensification by CNS status at diagnosis in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with CNS2 status predicts inferior outcome and a high rate of CNS relapse, similar to overt CNS leukemia (CNS3). The purpose of this study was to determine if intrathecal (IT) dose intensification during induction would improve outcomes and reduce CNS relapse for CNS2 disease.

Methods: From January 2001 to December 2014, children (1-14 years) with newly diagnosed ALL were treated at the Princess Noorah Oncology Centre (PNOC) following modifications of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols.

Landfill site selection in Makkah using geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process.

Municipal solid waste is a problem to developed and developing cities in the world. If municipal solid waste is not managed well, it can be a source of numerous contaminants to water, air, and soil. Although landfill is at the bottom in terms of priorities of municipal solid waste management techniques, its applicability cannot be neglected in developing economies.

Polyneuropathy associated with chronic hemodialysis: Clinical and electrophysiological study.

Aim: To estimate the frequency and pattern of peripheral polyneuropathy (PNP) that may affect patients maintained on hemodialysis.

Patients And Methods: The study was carried out on 60 middle-aged male patients attending the Internal Medicine Department for maintenance hemodialysis. All were subjected to a complete neurological examination.

Social barriers experienced by female Saudi nursing students while studying nursing: A phenomenological study.

Saudi Arabia has a shortage of Saudi nurses in the workforce, particularly with limited numbers of local female nurses. Social factors may influence views towards the discipline of nursing thus influencing interest of local females choosing to undetake nursing studies. The aim of this paper is to explore the lived experiences of Saudi female nursing students regarding the social barriers encountered related to studying nursing.

FLAG/FLAG-IDA regimen for children with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia in the era of targeted novel therapies.

Background: Outcomes of relapsed/refractory childhood acute leukemia remain poor. We analyzed the safety/efficacy of fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, with/without idarubicin (FLAG ± IDA) as salvage therapy compared with recent published results of novel therapies.

Methods: This retrospective study included children aged 1 to 15 years with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia who received FLAG ± IDA salvage therapy from January 2000 to December 2014.

Early vs. late MRD response- and risk-based treatment intensification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective pilot study from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Refinement of risk-based treatment stratification by minimal residual disease (MRD) at different time points has improved outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this prospective study we evaluated effects of such stratification, including intensification of therapy based on response assessment at day-15 and MRD at day-29 of induction to test if treatment intensification would improve outcomes.

Methods: 241 patients, 1-14 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL, were recruited and stratified by risk and MRD response into three treatment Arms (A, B, or C).

High-dose methotrexate vs. Capizzi methotrexate for the treatment of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Sixty-three children (1-14 years of age) newly diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated from January 2001 to December 2014. Patient outcomes were evaluated based on the regimen received; Capizzi methotrexate (C-MTX) vs. high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX).

Development of doxorubicin hydrochloride loaded pH-sensitive liposomes: Investigation on the impact of chemical nature of lipids and liposome composition on pH-sensitivity.

This study investigates the impact of the chemical nature of lipids and additive on the formulation and properties of pH sensitive liposomes. The objective is to understand the respective role of the formulation parameters on the liposome properties in order to optimize the conditions for efficient encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX). These liposomes should be stable at physiological pH, and disrupt in slightly acidic media such as the tumor microenvironment to release their DOX load.

Dysfunction in nitric oxide synthesis in streptozotocin treated rat aorta and role of methylglyoxal.

Diabetic vascular dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a dicarbonyl metabolite elevated in diabetic plasma that reacts with interstitial molecules to form advanced glycation end products (AGE). We investigated whether MGO affects the release of nitric oxide (NO) from rat aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and if L-arginine can prevent these effects of MGO.

Identifying Prognostic Factors That Influence Outcome of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Relapse in Saudi Arabia: Results of the Multicenter SAPHOS Study.

Background: The outcome of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first relapse (rAML) remains poor. Reported overall survival (OS) rates vary between high-income developed countries and those with fewer resources. The OS of rAML in high-income developing countries (HIDCs) has not been reported.