Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Exciting Potential as the Future of Next-Generation Drug Delivery.

Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, and aging. They have shown promise in preventing or treating colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and even COVID-19.

The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients.

The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations in how these effects present themselves may be connected to individual variances in clinical symptoms and treatment responses, such as the observation that a significant fraction of participants do not respond to current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Knowledge and Practice of the Preventive and Care Methods for Diabetic Foot Among the Caregivers of Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background Diabetic foot syndrome is a complex and multifactorial disease process involving neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, osteomyelitis, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and amputation. DFUs are a common and burdensome manifestation of the syndrome, responsible for diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Successful management of DFU requires collaboration between patients and caregivers.

Potential therapeutic benefit of ursodeoxycholic acid in the management of non hepato-biliary upper gastrointestinal disorders.

Objectives: To examine the potential therapeutic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Methods: A search was conducted using EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science as well as international guidelines using MESH terms for treatment of UDCA for diseases of the upper gastrointestinal disorders in adult humans without regard to publication language or date restrictions.

Results: A total of 256 articles and 22 guidelines were initially identified, and 221 were excluded.

Adult Knowledge About Postoperative Complications of Rhinoplasty in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background Rhinoplasty, a prevalent cosmetic surgical procedure worldwide, is not exempt from associated risks and complications, as with any other surgery. In light of the surging demand for rhinoplasty amongst young adults, it is imperative to acknowledge that the procedure can engender various complications that can be classified as either early or late complications. Examples of early complications include epistaxis and periorbital ecchymosis, while late complications may manifest as enophthalmos or septal perforation.

Assessing the Perceptions and Practices Toward Eye Injuries First Aid Among General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim  The eye is a vital and extraordinarily perceptive part of the human body. A wide spectrum of possible outcomes from eye injuries, from temporary vision loss to permanent blindness. There is a lack of information about how to handle an eye injury.

Therapeutic approaches for anti-sperm-antibodies in the testicular sperm aspiration rat model.

Background And Aim: Anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs) treatment continued to be neglected. This study aimed to generate ASAs using the testicular sperm aspiration (TSA) rat model, which allowed for investigation of four distinct therapeutic approaches to find potential treatments for ASAs.

Materials And Methods: Adult Wistar albino male rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 12).

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms.

Tissue Engineering Supporting Regenerative Strategies to Enhance Clinical Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics: A Scoping, Perspective Review.

The personalized regenerative therapeutic strategies applicable in the structural and functional repair of maxillofacial/dental defects are expected to extend beyond the limits of what is currently possible in the management of dentofacial anomalies and treating malocclusions. The application of undifferentiated stem cells (SCs), including signaling molecule control and individualized tissue engineering based on targeted therapies, has been proposed to overcome therapeutic limitations and complications associated with treatments for craniofacial defects, including severe orthodontic discrepancies. This scoping, prospective review discusses comprehensively the current knowledge and prospects for improving clinical outcomes by the application of novel cell-required and cell-free regenerative strategies in biomedicine.

An accidental finding of a retroperitoneal desmoid tumor: case report and review of the literature.

Retroperitoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that develops as a result of fibroblastic proliferation within the musculoaponeurotic stroma. The authors present the case of a 41-year-old male patient who was referred for a retroperitoneal neoplasm. A mesenteric mass core biopsy was done, and it revealed a low-grade spindle cell lesion consistent with desmoid fibromatosis.

Global prevalence of needle stick injuries among nurses: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nurses usually provide direct patient care. However, they account for the majority of healthcare workers (HCWs) injured by needles or other sharp objects.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of needle stick injuries (NSI) among nurses worldwide; according to WHO regions, the socioeconomic development index (SDI) of countries, and the developmental status of individual countries, and in the Middle East.

Sustainable Synthesis of Iron-Zinc Nanocomposites by Leaves Extract for RSM-Optimized Sono-Adsorptive Removal of Crystal Violet Dye.

Environmental pollution has exacerbated the availability of clean water to mankind. In this study, leaf extract was used for sustainable synthesis of Fe-Zn nanocomposites (IZNC). The instrumental techniques of Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the structural and chemical composition.

The Saudi Consensus for the Management of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: A Modified Delphi-Based Study.

 Cancer is a well-known risk factor of preventable thromboembolic disease. This study aims to provide guidance on the prevention and management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) that tailors prophylactic and therapeutic options for medical and surgical oncology patients presenting to health care settings in Saudi Arabia.  The present consensus was developed in concordance with the modified Delphi-based approach, which incorporates a face-to-face meeting between two voting rounds to gain experts' feedback on the proposed statements.

Quality by Design (QbD) Based Method for Estimation of Xanthohumol in Bulk and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Validation.

The analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach is utilized for developing and validating the simple, sensitive, cost-effective reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of xanthohumol (XH) in bulk and nanoformulations. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is applied for method optimization. The mobile phase ratio, pH and flow rate were selected as independent variables, whereas retention time, peak area, peak height, tailing factor, and theoretical plates were selected as dependent variables.

Over-the-Counter Medication Use among Parents in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Self-medication is a growing public health concern worldwide. Studies have shown a gap between best practice and the current practice of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Despite being a well-recognised problem in Saudi Arabia, few studies have investigated OTC medication use in Saudi Arabia.

Guaiazulene and related compounds: A review of current perspective on biomedical applications.

Background: Thousands of people worldwide pass away yearly due to neurological disorders, cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, metabolic disorders, and microbial infections. Additionally, a sizable population has also been impacted by hepatotoxicity, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and breast fissure. These ailments are likewise steadily increasing along with the increase in life expectancy.

Saudi Heart Association Guidelines on Best Practices in the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

Background: The prevalence of both chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and its risk factors is alarming in Saudi Arabia and only a minority of patients achieve optimal medical management. Context-specific CCS guidelines outlining best clinical practices are therefore needed to address local gaps and challenges.

Consensus Panel: A panel of experts representing the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to local clinical practice considering the characteristics of the Saudi population, the Saudi healthcare system, its resources and medical expertise.

Quantifying Health State Utilities for Permanent Dentition: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Health utility represents individual preference strengths regarding health-related outcomes as a numerical value, with higher utility values of a health state achieved by a service or treatment strategy suggesting that it is more worthwhile to implement and allocate resources to this service. This study aimed to find and compare the utilities of permanent teeth-related health state outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Two groups, one of the dentists (50) and another of dental patients (50), responded to a standard gamble questionnaire to determine the utilities of four hypothetical alternatives of dental health state as follows: (1) carious posterior tooth with pain, (2) carious posterior tooth without pain, (3) filled posterior tooth with a temporary restoration, and (4) filled posterior tooth with a permanent restoration.

Potential SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors of cytidine derivatives: Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, ADMET, and POM analyses for the identification of pharmacophore sites.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the optimum targets for antiviral drug design and development. The hydroxyl groups of cytidine structures were modified with different aliphatic and aromatic groups to obtain 5´-O-acyl and 2´,3´-di-O-acyl derivatives, and then, these derivatives were employed in molecular modeling, antiviral prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, pharmacological and POM studies. Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G++ level analyzed biochemical behavior and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) of the modified cytidine derivatives.

Reference for Normal Diameters of the Abdominal Aorta and Common Iliac Arteries in the Saudi Population.

The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdomen. It then bifurcates giving the two common iliac arteries. Knowing the normal abdominal aorta diameter is a basis for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and subsequently developing an optimal management plan.

Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.

Background: Low-dose aspirin and metformin have been individually associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Whether their concurrent use in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear.

Objective: Among individuals with T2DM taking metformin, we sought to evaluate the association between low-dose aspirin versus no aspirin and the risk of CRC.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells.

Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites.

MmpL3 Inhibition as a Promising Approach to Develop Novel Therapies against Tuberculosis: A Spotlight on SQ109, Clinical Studies, and Patents Literature.

Tuberculosis (TB) is accountable for considerable global morbidity and mortality. Effective TB therapy with multiple drugs completes in about six months. The longer duration of TB therapy challenges patient compliance and contributes to treatment collapse and drug resistance (DR) progress.

Impact of GSTT1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms in the Susceptibility to Philadelphia Negative Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia.

Background: Our research aimed to clarify the role of genetic polymorphisms in GST (T1 and M1) in the development of Ph-ve CML.

Materials And Methods: We report on a case-control study with 126 participants, divided into 26 patients with Ph-ve CML (57.7% male, 42.