Reply: "Spinal nerve pathology in Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection".

See article on pages E74–E75 in this issue.

Sex Differences of Migraine: Results of a Nationwide Home-based Study in Turkey.

Introduction: The prevalence of migraine was found to be more than three-fold higher in women as compared with men, and in addition to differences in prevalence rates, the characteristics and associated features might also differ between the sexes. The aim of this study was to compare sex-specific features of migraine and demographic parameters in a nationwide population-based study in Turkey.

Methods: Among 5323 subjects, a total of 871 patients who were diagnosed as having definite migraine according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-III) were included in our study.

The persistence versus interchangeability of migraine and tension-type headaches in a 5-year population-based validated survey.

Objective: The aim of this population-based validated study was to determine the course of tension-type headache and migraine and to evaluate the predictors of persistence.

Methods: We evaluated the course of headache in a large population from the first assessment in 2008 through a second assessment in 2013. Then we examined the factors associated with persistent migraine and persistent tension-type headache.

Accessory nerve function after level 2b-preserving selective neck dissection.

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between accessory nerve functions and level 2b-preserving selective neck dissection.

Methods: Forty-one necks of 30 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent unilateral or bilateral level 2b-preserving neck dissections, between February 2003 and July 2005, were evaluated. Neck and shoulder movements and muscle strengths were examined and electroneuromyography (ENMG) was performed preoperatively at the postoperative 21st day and 6th month.

Self-reported snoring, maternal obesity and neck circumference as risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia.

Background: Physical and hormonal changes during pregnancy alter breathing patterns of pregnant women. It is possible that occult disordered breathing during sleep may be a risk factor for the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the incidence of self-reported snoring in pregnant women, and to investigate the relationship of snoring, obesity and neck circumference to PIH and preeclampsia.

Atypical angiofibromas: a report of four cases.

In this study, our four patients with angiofibroma with various atypical features are presented. Related literature is reviewed and criteria for atypicality are proposed. 14 patients, diagnosed and treated for angiofibroma in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Faculty of Medicine in Uludag University between January 1992 and December 2003, have been evaluated.

A renal transplant recipient with pulmonary tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis: review of superimposed infections and therapy approaches.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an acute or subacute disease that is almost invariably fatal if untreated. It is a rare disease in renal transplant recipients and frequently reported together with other infectious agents. A 39-year-old renal transplant patient was admitted to hospital for elective coronary surgery.

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist losartan reduces microalbuminuria in hypertensive renal transplant recipients.

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that losartan lowers macroproteinuria in diabetic or non-diabetic renal transplant recipients (RTx) similar to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Microalbuminuria (MAU) may reflect subclinical hyperfiltration damage of the glomerulus. It could be a marker of kidney dysfunction in renal transplantation.

Objective and early diagnosis of chylous fistula in the postoperative period.

Objective: The study goal was to evaluate whether quantitative analysis of neck drainage contents is an important parameter of objective and early diagnosis of chylous fistula (CF) in the postoperative period.

Study Design And Setting: We prospectively evaluated 103 consecutive neck dissections during a 2-year period at a tertiary academic referral center. Six of the patients (5.

Quantitative analysis of the drainage after neck dissection.

The goals of this study are to determine the normal volume and lipid values of the drainage after neck dissection (ND) and to evaluate the changes of these values according to the type and side of the ND. Ninety-seven uncomplicated NDs involving zones I through IV were evaluated prospectively in this study. The most important result of the analysis of the drainage is that levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in the drainage were lower than serum levels in all but 1 case (P< 0.

Regional epidemiological features of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal cancer.

Lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal cancer are among the most common forms of the disease in the world. These types of cancer display significant geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic variations. We examined the cases of cancer of the lip, oral cavity, and oropharynx diagnosed in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Uludağ School of Medicine during the last 5 years, July 1990 to June 1995, and recorded the epidemiological features of these tumors.