Local Volume Conservation in Concentrated Electrolytes Is Governing Charge Transport in Electric Fields.

While ion transport processes in concentrated electrolytes, e.g., based on ionic liquids (IL), are a subject of intense research, the role of conservation laws and reference frames is still a matter of debate.

Tunneling gravimetry.

We examine the prospects of utilizing matter-wave Fabry-Pérot interferometers for enhanced inertial sensing applications. Our study explores such tunneling-based sensors for the measurement of accelerations in two configurations: (a) a transmission setup, where the initial wave packet is transmitted through the cavity and (b) an out-tunneling scheme with intra-cavity generated initial states lacking a classical counterpart. We perform numerical simulations of the complete dynamics of the quantum wave packet, investigate the tunneling through a matter-wave cavity formed by realistic optical potentials and determine the impact of interactions between atoms.

A comparison of the rapid-acting insulin analogue glulisine with lispro and aspart for the pump treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: (1) To describe the population of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) using the rapid-acting insulin analogue glulisine versus lispro and aspart during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII); (2) to describe insulin relative effectiveness based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and dose; (3) to determine rates of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods: The analysis used March 2021 data from the Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation registry, which contains data of 618,903 patients with diabetes. Patients were propensity-matched by age, sex, and diabetes duration.

[Visual acuity reduction and silicone oil tamponade].

Silicone oil is an established intraocular surgical aid, which enables the treatment of the most complex starting situations but no other alternative has been found; however, the available data indicate that an unclear loss of visual acuity during or after an intraocular silicone oil tamponade possibly occurs more frequently than assumed from the clinical routine. Various pathological mechanisms are under discussion as causes, but the exact causes are actually unclear. In addition to atrophic alterations in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, there are a clear reduction in visual acuity and mostly a central scotoma with otherwise inconspicuous findings.

Interfacial Characterization of Ruthenium-Based Amphiphilic Photosensitizers.

Nonreactive surfactant molecules have long been used and characterized for a wide range of applications in industries, life science, and everyday life. Recently, new types of functional amphiphilic molecules have emerged that bear another function, for example, a light-absorbing action, or catalytic properties. However, the surfactant properties of these molecules remain to date essentially unknown.

sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two-dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c-MOF) comprising sp-carbon active sites based on arylene-ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO linking, named as Cu HHAE .

Long-Range Nonequilibrium Coherent Tunneling Induced by Fractional Vibronic Resonances.

We study the influence of a linear energy bias on a nonequilibrium excitation on a chain of molecules coupled to local vibrations (a tilted Holstein model) using both a random-walk rate kernel theory and a nonperturbative, massively parallelized adaptive-basis algorithm. We uncover structured and discrete vibronic resonance behavior fundamentally different from both linear response theory and homogeneous polaron dynamics. Remarkably, resonance between the phonon energy ℏω and the bias δ occurs not only at integer but also fractional ratios δ/(ℏω) = /, which effect long-range -bond -phonon tunneling.

Optimal acceleration voltage for near-atomic resolution imaging of layer-stacked 2D polymer thin films.

Despite superb instrumental resolution in modern transmission electron microscopes (TEM), high-resolution imaging of organic two-dimensional (2D) materials is a formidable task. Here, we present that the appropriate selection of the incident electron energy plays a crucial role in reducing the gap between achievable resolution in the image and the instrumental limit. Among a broad range of electron acceleration voltages (300 kV, 200 kV, 120 kV, and 80 kV) tested, we found that the highest resolution in the HRTEM image is achieved at 120 kV, which is 1.

Understanding of the Photodetachment Spectrum of Anionic Mixed Carbon-Boron Cluster CB Following Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Quantum Chemistry Approaches.

The presence of nonadiabaticity in the photodetachment bands of the anionic mixed carbon-boron cluster CB has been realized through electronic structure calculations and detailed analyses of quantum dynamics study on top of those electronic structures. In the course of our study, we traverse extensive first principles electronic structure calculations to compute potential energy curves and to trace the energetic locations for the conical intersections in the multidimensional surfaces. All the calculations are performed on the four low-lying electronic states of the CB cluster, while quantum nuclear dynamics are pursued on those electronic states by applying both time-dependent and time-independent quantum chemistry frameworks.

Detection of Few Hydrogen Peroxide Molecules Using Self-Reporting Fluorescent Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) plays an important role in various signal transduction pathways and regulates important cellular processes. However, monitoring and quantitatively assessing the distribution of HO molecules inside living cells requires a nanoscale sensor with molecular-level sensitivity. Herein, we show the first demonstration of sub-10 nm-sized fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) as catalysts for the decomposition of HO and the production of radical intermediates at the nanoscale.

Periodic Wave Trains in Nonlinear Media: Talbot Revivals, Akhmediev Breathers, and Asymmetry Breaking.

We study theoretically and observe experimentally the evolution of periodic wave trains by utilizing surface gravity water wave packets. Our experimental system enables us to observe both the amplitude and the phase of these wave packets. For low steepness waves, the propagation dynamics is in the linear regime, and these waves unfold a Talbot carpet.

The microRNA-202 as a Diagnostic Biomarker and a Potential Tumor Suppressor.

MicroRNA-202 (miR-202) is a member of the highly conserved let-7 family that was discovered in and recently reported to be involved in cell differentiation and tumor biology. In humans, miR-202 was initially identified in the testis where it was suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. Subsequent research showed that miR-202 is one of the micro-RNAs that are dysregulated in different types of cancer.

Diverse molecular causes of unsolved autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases.

Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD) is caused by mutations in one of at least five genes and leads to kidney failure usually in mid adulthood. Throughout the literature, variable numbers of families have been reported, where no mutation can be found and therefore termed ADTKD-not otherwise specified. Here, we aim to clarify the genetic cause of their diseases in our ADTKD registry.

One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis.

The chopped random basis (CRAB) ansatz for quantum optimal control has been proven to be a versatile tool to enable quantum technology applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Its capability to encompass experimental constraints-while maintaining an access to the usually trap-free control landscape-and to switch from open-loop to closed-loop optimization (including with remote access-or RedCRAB) is contributing to the development of quantum technology on many different physical platforms. In this review article we present the development, the theoretical basis and the toolbox for this optimization algorithm, as well as an overview of the broad range of different theoretical and experimental applications that exploit this powerful technique.

Auditory deep sleep stimulation in older adults at home: a randomized crossover trial.

Background: Auditory stimulation has emerged as a promising tool to enhance non-invasively sleep slow waves, deep sleep brain oscillations that are tightly linked to sleep restoration and are diminished with age. While auditory stimulation showed a beneficial effect in lab-based studies, it remains unclear whether this stimulation approach could translate to real-life settings.

Methods: We present a fully remote, randomized, cross-over trial in healthy adults aged 62-78 years (clinicaltrials.

HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Differential HPA axis function has been proposed to underlie sex-differences in mental disorders; however, the impact of fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle on HPA axis activity is still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated basal cortisol concentrations as a marker for HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle. Through a systematic literature search of five databases, 121 longitudinal studies were included, summarizing data of 2641 healthy, cycling participants between the ages of 18 and 45.

The impact of endoscopic activity on musculoskeletal disorders of high-volume endoscopists in Germany.

Physical stress is common in GI endoscopists, leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Considering the increasing complexity of interventional GI endoscopy with prolonged examination time, work-related musculoskeletal disorders have come into focus. However, data on work-related health stress in German endoscopists are elusive.

Activation of indistinguishability-based quantum coherence for enhanced metrological applications with particle statistics imprint.

SignificanceQuantum coherence has a fundamentally different origin for nonidentical and identical particles since for the latter a unique contribution exists due to indistinguishability. Here we experimentally show how to exploit, in a controllable fashion, the contribution to quantum coherence stemming from spatial indistinguishability. Our experiment also directly proves, on the same footing, the different role of particle statistics (bosons or fermions) in supplying coherence-enabled advantage for quantum metrology.

F18-FDG PET/CT imaging early predicts pathologic complete response to induction chemoimmunotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer: preliminary single-center analysis of the checkrad-cd8 trial.

Aim: In the CheckRad-CD8 trial patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer are treated with a single cycle of induction chemo-immunotherapy (ICIT). Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) in the re-biopsy enter radioimmunotherapy. Our goal was to study the value of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of pCR after induction therapy.

Two-step verification method for Monte Carlo codes in biomedical optics applications.

Significance: Code verification is an unavoidable step prior to using a Monte Carlo (MC) code. Indeed, in biomedical optics, a widespread verification procedure for MC codes is still missing. Analytical benchmarks that can be easily used for the verification of different MC routines offer an important resource.

Spin-Conservation Propensity Rule for Three-Body Recombination of Ultracold Rb Atoms.

We explore the physical origin and the general validity of a propensity rule for the conservation of the hyperfine spin state in three-body recombination. This rule was recently discovered for the special case of ^{87}Rb with its nearly equal singlet and triplet scattering lengths. Here, we test the propensity rule for ^{85}Rb for which the scattering properties are very different from ^{87}Rb.