Long-term quality of life among breast cancer survivors eligible for screening at diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the long-term quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer survivors eligible for mammographic screening at diagnosis and compare that to QoL among women with no history of breast cancer.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials and observational studies published between January 2000 and July 2019 was performed.

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Delayed Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study Using Computational Modeling to Optimize Electrode Position.

Background: The optimal stimulation parameters when using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve memory performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. In healthy individuals, inter-individual differences in brain anatomy significantly influence current distribution during tDCS, an effect that might be aggravated by variations in cortical atrophy in AD patients.

Objective: To measure the effect of individualized HD-tDCS in AD patients.

Studies of multifunctional DNA polymerase I from the extremely radiation resistant Deinococcus radiodurans: Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of the full-length protein and its large fragment.

Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacterium with extreme resistance to desiccation and radiation. Although the origins of this extreme resistance have not been fully elucidated, an efficient DNA repair machinery that includes the enzyme DNA polymerase I, is potentially crucial as part of a protection mechanism. Here we have cloned and performed small, medium, and large-scale expression of full-length D.

How do multimorbidity and lifestyle factors impact the perceived health of adults with intellectual disabilities?

Background: Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have poorer physical and perceived health than the general population. Knowledge of perceived health predictors is both limited and important for guiding the development of preventive actions. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the associations between perceived health and demographics, degree of ID, physical health conditions, and weight and physical activity level and (2) lifestyle factors and multimorbidity as predictors for perceived health adjusted for age, gender, and level of ID.

Transcriptomic signals in blood prior to lung cancer focusing on time to diagnosis and metastasis.

Recent studies have indicated that there are functional genomic signals that can be detected in blood years before cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to assess gene expression in prospective blood samples from the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort focusing on time to lung cancer diagnosis and metastatic cancer using a nested case-control design. We employed several approaches to statistically analyze the data and the methods indicated that the case-control differences were subtle but most distinguishable in metastatic case-control pairs in the period 0-3 years prior to diagnosis.

From Paper to E-Prescribing of Multidose Drug Dispensing: A Qualitative Study of Workflow in a Community Care Setting.

E-prescribing is now widespread and, in some countries, has completely replaced paper prescriptions. In Norway, almost all prescribing is electronic, except for multidose drug dispensing (MDD), which is still sent to the pharmacy by fax or ordinary mail. MDD is an adherence aid used by one-third of all patients receiving home care services.

Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI.

Background: Prostate cancer tissues are inherently heterogeneous, which presents a challenge for metabolic profiling using traditional bulk analysis methods that produce an averaged profile. The aim of this study was therefore to spatially detect metabolites and lipids on prostate tissue sections by using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a method that facilitates molecular imaging of heterogeneous tissue sections, which can subsequently be related to the histology of the same section.

Methods: Here, we simultaneously obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles in different prostate tissue types using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI.

The Practice Guidelines for Multidose Drug Dispensing Need Revision-An Investigation of Prescription Problems and Interventions.

Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid used by one-third of patients receiving home care services in Norway. The system can increase patient safety by reducing dispensing errors and increase adherence, however it has also been criticised for unclear routines and distribution of responsibilities. We investigated prescription problems which pharmacists have detected, and the responsibilities they adopt regarding MDD.

Cerebral cortical thickness and surface area in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Separate and joint analyses with a permutation-based nonparametric method.

Objective: Reduction in cerebral volume is often found in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but few studies have investigated other morphological measures. Cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (CSA), often used to produce the measure of cortical volume, are developmentally distinct measures that may be differentially affected in AN, particularly in the developing brain. In the present study, we investigated CTh and CSA both separately and jointly to gain further insight into structural alterations in adolescent AN patients.

Performance of Expanded Newborn Screening in Norway Supported by Post-Analytical Bioinformatics Tools and Rapid Second-Tier DNA Analyses.

In 2012, the Norwegian newborn screening program (NBS) was expanded (eNBS) from screening for two diseases to that for 23 diseases (20 inborn errors of metabolism, IEMs) and again in 2018, to include a total of 25 conditions (21 IEMs). Between 1 March 2012 and 29 February 2020, 461,369 newborns were screened for 20 IEMs in addition to phenylketonuria (PKU). Excluding PKU, there were 75 true-positive (TP) (1:6151) and 107 (1:4311) false-positive IEM cases.

A new treatment for eating disorders combining physical exercise and dietary therapy (the PED-t): experiences from patients who dropped out.

: Eating disorders (ED) are complex and severe illnesses where evidence-based treatment is needed to recover. However, about half of the patients with ED do not respond to treatments currently available, which call for efforts to expand the portfolio of treatments. The aim of this study was to explore experiences from patients who dropped out of a new treatment for bulimia nervosa and binge ED, combining hysical xercise and ietary herapy (PED-t).

Explaining doping in material research (Hf substitution in ZnO films) by directly quantifying the van der Waals force.

Non-monotonic behavior has been observed in the optoelectronic properties of ZnO thin films as doped with Hf (HZO). Here we propose that two competing mechanisms are responsible for such behaviour. Specifically, we propose that provided two crystal orientations dominate film growth, only one of them might be responsible for direct Hf substitution.

Family members and health care workers' perspectives on motivational factors of participation in physical activity for people with intellectual disability: A qualitative study.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have lower levels of physical activity than the general population. The aim of this study was to understand the motivational factors of participation in physical activity for people with ID from the perspectives of the family members and staff.

Method: An abductive qualitative design was used.

Strategies to develop a prophylaxis for the prevention of HPA-1a immunization and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Anti-HPA-1a-antibodies are the main cause of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) which may result in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and death among fetuses and newborns. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of FNAIT and proof of concept for prophylaxis to prevent immunization suggest that development of hyperimmune anti-HPA-1a IgG aimed at preventing immunization against HPA-1a and FNAIT is feasible. Anti-HPA-1a IgG can be obtained either by isolating immunoglobulin from already-immunized women or by development of monoclonal anti-HPA-1a antibodies.

Clinical guided computer tomography decisions are advocated in potentially severely injured trauma patients: a one-year audit in a level 1 trauma Centre with long pre-hospital times.

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) justification principles state that an examination is justified if the potential benefit outweighs the risk for radiation harm. Computer tomography (CT) contributes 50% of the radiation dose from medical imaging, and in trauma patients, the use of standardized whole body CT (SWBCT) increases. Guidelines are lacking, and reviews conclude conflictingly regarding the benefit.

Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in 1994 and have been regularly updated, most recently in 2016, by the Sixth European Joint Task Force. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, components from the task force and experts from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology were invited to provide a summary and critical review of the most important new studies and evidence since the latest guidelines were published. The structure of the document follows that of the previous document and has six parts: Introduction (epidemiology and cost effectiveness); Cardiovascular risk; How to intervene at the population level; How to intervene at the individual level; Disease-specific interventions; and Settings: where to intervene? In fact, in keeping with the guidelines, greater emphasis has been put on a population-based approach and on disease-specific interventions, avoiding re-interpretation of information already and previously considered.

Injury coding in a national trauma registry: a one-year validation audit in a level 1 trauma centre.

Background: Hospitals must improve patient safety and quality continuously. Clinical quality registries can drive such improvement. Trauma registries code injuries according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and benchmark outcomes based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New ISS (NISS).

Do Various Respirator Models Fit the Workers in the Norwegian Smelting Industry?

Background: Respirator fit testing is a method to assess if the respirator provides an adequate face seal for the worker.

Methods: Workers from four Norwegian smelters were invited to participate in the study, and 701 respirator fit tests were performed on 127 workers. Fourteen respirator models were included: one FFABE1P3 and 11 FFP3 respirator models produced in one size and two silicone half masks with P3 filters available in three sizes.

Agreement between anatomical M-mode and tissue Doppler imaging in the assessment of fetal atrioventricular annular plane displacement in uncomplicated pregnancies: A prospective longitudinal study.

Aim: To evaluate the level of agreement between M-mode and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) techniques in assessing fetal mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and septal annular plane systolic excursion (SAPSE) in a low-risk population.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included healthy fetuses assessed from 18 to 40 weeks of gestation. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, MAPSE and SAPSE were measured using anatomical M-mode and PW-TDI.

Detection of tissue factor in platelets: why is it so troublesome?

Tissue factor (TF) is the most important trigger for the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF, earlier denoted as thromboplastin, has always been a mystery since its discovery due to its abundant presence in most human tissues but not blood. The latter has been extensively studied in a vast quest for possible sources of blood-borne TF yielding many conflicting findings and confusing conclusions regarding the presence of TF mRNA, protein or functional procoagulant activity in virtually all blood cells.

Patient expectations of a new treatment for eating disorders combining guided physical exercise and dietary therapy: an interview study of women participating in a randomised controlled trial at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.

Objectives: To study the expectations women with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED) had to a new treatment programme based on guided physical exercise and dietary therapy.

Design And Participants: Semistructured interviews were conducted with six women with BN and four women with BED following a group-based therapy programme. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a text-condensing analytic approach.