31,824 results match your criteria: "Uganda; and ‖Uganda Heart Institute[Affiliation]"

Background: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models in resource-limited settings have reduced strain on health services and improved client experience, retention and viral suppression, but little is known about the impact of HIV DSD models on quality of life (QoL), which is essential for optimizing person-centered care. This study assessed the impact of DSD models on QoL, loss to follow-up (LTFU), and mortality among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART over time at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda.

Methods: We analyzed records of 1,000 PLHIV who had been on ART for 10 years and followed up for eight years, starting in 2014 or 2015 at the Infectious Diseases Institute clinic in Kampala, Uganda.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Academic examination retakes are significant challenges in health professions education. With rigorous clinical assessments and high-stakes examinations, many students struggle to meet academic requirements, resulting in retakes. The voices and experiences of such students have often been absent within the broader discussion of health professions education.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women with significant global disparities in disease burden. In lower-resource settings, where routine screening is uncommon, delays in diagnosis and treatment contribute to morbidity and mortality. Understanding care delays may inform strategies to decrease time to treatment, improving patient outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The emergence of parasites partially resistant to artemisinins (ART-R) poses a significant threat to recent gains in malaria control. ART-R has been associated with PfKelch13 (K13) mutations, which differ in fitness costs. This study investigates the gametocyte production and transmission fitness of African and Asian isolates with different K13 genotypes across multiple mosquito species.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Biodiversity is unevenly distributed across the globe. Regional differences in biodiversity impact conservation through the allocation of financial resources, development of infrastructure, and public attention. Such resources are often prioritized to areas that are in more need than others.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Centrifuge-free processing methods support stool Xpert Ultra testing for childhood tuberculosis (TB), but there are limited data on their accuracy, acceptability and usability.

Methods: We conducted a prospective evaluation of stool Xpert Ultra in India, South Africa, and Uganda with three methods: Stool Processing Kit (SPK), Simple One-Step (SOS), and Optimized Sucrose Flotation (OSF). Children <15 years old with presumptive TB had respiratory specimen testing with Xpert Ultra and culture.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Carotenoids are dietary bioactive compounds with health effects that are biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. Here, we examine genetic associations with plasma and skin carotenoid concentrations in two rigorously phenotyped human cohorts (n=317). Analysis of genome-wide SNPs revealed heritability to vary by genetic ancestry (h=0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Deep analysis of the major histocompatibility complex genetic associations using covariate analysis and haploblocks unravels new mechanisms for the molecular etiology of Elite Control in AIDS.

BMC Immunol

January 2025

Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Chimie Moléculaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté 75003, Paris, EA7528, France.

Introduction: We have reanalyzed the genomic data from the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV (ICGH), focusing on HIV-1 Elite Controllers (EC).

Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed, comparing 543 HIV-1 EC individuals with 3,272 uninfected controls (CTR) of European ancestry. 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HLA class I and class II gene alleles were imputed to compare EC and CTR.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Utility of integrated papyrus-bivalve for bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

January 2025

Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.

Aquaculture generates substantial amount of residual feeds and faecal matter that accumulate in the culture environment and pollute effluent-receiving water, diminishing its ecological functioning. To devise means of treating nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater, the efficiency of integrated papyrus-bivalve mesocosms in removing nutrients was evaluated. The mesocosms were fed on water (6600 L) from one brood-stock pond and allowed to settle for 2 weeks.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pneumonia is the second leading cause of hospital admissions and deaths among children <5 years in Uganda. In 2014, Uganda officially rolled out the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into routine immunization schedule. However, little is known about the long-term impact of PCV on pneumonia admissions and deaths.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of small ruminants with significant economic implications caused by the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus. This study employs mathematical modeling to investigate the impact of imperfect PPR vaccines and restocked small ruminants on the transmission dynamics of PPR. A deterministic mathematical model is developed by incorporating vaccinated and restocked subpopulations into the classical SEIR model.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Uganda started implementing mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in 2003, with district used as an implementation unit. This resulted into misclassification of communities into wrong risk levels, under-or-over treatment and over request of praziquantel (PZQ) drugs. The objective of the current study was to reviewing the community data available at World Health Organization/ESPEN database to understand the status of schistosomiasis and identify pockets with infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The incidence of cesarean section is dramatically increasing worldwide, whereas the training opportunities for obstetrician/gynecologists to manage complex cesarean section appear to be decreasing. This may be attributed to changing working hours directives and the increasing use of laparoscopy for gynecological surgical procedures, including in gynecological oncology. Various situations can create surgical difficulties during a cesarean section; however, two of the most frequent are complications from previous cesarean (myometrial defects, with or without placental intrusion and peritoneal adhesions) and the high risk of postpartum hemorrhage (uterine overdistension, abnormal placentation, uterine fibroids).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Hair isoniazid levels predict TB sputum culture conversion.

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis

January 2025

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

BACKGROUNDSputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosing TB disease and confirming treatment outcomes. However, the turnaround time is 6-8 weeks, which leads to delays in decision-making regarding the care of TB patients.OBJECTIVETo evaluate isoniazid hair drug levels as a predictor of sputum culture conversion at 8 weeks of TB treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Patient preferences for empiric TB treatment initiation.

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis

January 2025

Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Walimu, Kampala, Uganda;, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Globally, the quality of maternal and newborn care remains inadequate, as seen through indicators like perineal injuries and low Apgar scores. While midwifery practices have the potential to improve care quality and health outcomes, there is a lack of evidence on how midwife-led initiatives, particularly those aimed at improving the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection, affect these outcomes.

Objective: To explore how the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection impact the incidence of perineal injuries and the 5-min Apgar score within the context of a midwife-led quality improvement intervention.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Nat Genet

January 2025

Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study focused on detecting Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and HER-2 in breast cancer to help categorize the disease and guide treatment choices.
  • Researchers compared two preservation methods for breast tissue samples: traditional formalin fixation and RNAlater, utilizing Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) for analysis.
  • Findings revealed that ER and PR were positive in 60% of samples, while HER-2 was positive in only 25%, with no significant statistical difference between the results from the two preservation methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Technical and management coaching for government institutions: Lessons learned and health systems transformations across 8 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and India.

PLOS Glob Public Health

January 2025

Department of Population, William H. Gates Sr. Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

Traditional engagement with local governments often relies on financial and human resources from international or local partners, leading to direct implementation by organizations, which can hinder sustainability. While some organizations include sustainability indicators, few focus on transferring technical and financial ownership to governments. The Challenge Initiative (TCI) uses a phased coaching model-lead, assist, observe, and monitor-to build local government capacity for scaling family planning (FP) and adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health (AYSRH) programs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the impact of psychoactive substance use and second-hand smoke (SHS) on sleep disturbances in adults and children within a Ugandan urban informal settlement.
  • A cross-sectional analysis of 284 adults revealed a significant prevalence of sleep issues, with smoking linked to insomnia and alcohol consumption associated with sleep dissatisfaction.
  • Children exposed to SHS, particularly during early life, showed a markedly higher risk of experiencing sleep-disordered breathing compared to their unexposed peers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In recent years, Ugandan universities have faced a rising incidence of mental health issues among students, with prevalence rates of mental disorders reaching up to 60% among undergraduates. These challenges significantly impact both academic performance and social interactions. This study aimed to investigate the coping mechanisms among students with mental disorders at Busitema University.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Snakebite is one of the neglected tropical diseases in Uganda affecting rural areas, especially during the rainy season. Households mainly rely on traditional remedies for management, which are not always effective, leading to disability and sometimes death. We explored the knowledge, perceptions and healthcare practices related to snakebites in Kamuli District.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Health economics of snakebite envenomation: A sub-Saharan African perspective.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

January 2025

Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre (PHARMBIOTRAC), Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara 40006, Uganda.

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is affected by the high direct and indirect costs of snakebite envenomation. With >30% of global mortality, different economic barriers still exist, and effective strategies must be employed to avert the burden and promote quality of life. With the WHO target of reducing the number of snakebites by one-half by 2030, different aspects concerning snakebite envenomation economics must be evaluated, and potential strategies must be developed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF