From Epithelium to Therapy: Transitional Cells in Lung Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung fibrosis secondary to infections such as influenza A and COVID-19 have limited treatment options outside of supportive therapy and lung transplantation. Multiple lung stem cell populations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, and more progenitor cell populations continue to be discovered and characterized. In this review, we summarize the functions and differentiation pathways of various cells that comprise the lung epithelium.

Identification of population multimorbidity patterns in 3.9 million patients from Bogota in 2018.

Background: Multimorbidity has emerged as a challenge for health systems due to its association with adverse clinical outcomes. Given the limited information available on multimorbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, this study characterizes multimorbidity patterns in the population of Bogotá, Colombia in 2018.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed 16 million medical consultation records from Bogotá reported in the National Service Delivery Records in 2018.

The Transition to Adulthood: A Qualitative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder From Military and Veteran Parents and Military-Dependent Young Adults.

Introduction: Given the unique experiences of military service members and their families, military-dependent young adults (18-25 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their military or veteran families experience unique barriers to accessing quality mental health care during the transition to adulthood. In fact, developing services to address ASD challenges for military families is a burgeoning area of interest for the department of defense. However, there is a limited knowledge on the specific needs of military families as the young adult's transition outside of high school and lose supports.

MASLD in persons with HIV is associated with high cardiometabolic risk as evidenced by altered advanced lipoprotein profiles and targeted metabolomics.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in persons with HIV (PWH). The lipidomic and metabolomic alterations contributing to this risk are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the advanced lipoprotein and targeted metabolomic profiles in PWH and assess if the presence and severity of MASLD influence these profiles.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by household food insecurity status in the United States adolescent population, 2001-2020: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Household food insecurity (FI) is a modifiable social determinant of health linked to chronic health outcomes. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pediatric population-based studies by household FI status.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the MetS by household FI status over the past 2 decades.

Long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.

Background: This analysis examined the durability of antibodies present after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.

Methods: Data were collected over 4 time points between October 2020-November 2022 as part of a prospective population-based cohort aged 5-to-19 years (N = 810). Results of the (1) Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Roche N-test); and (2) qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of antibodies to the SARS CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (Roche S-test); and (3) self-reported antigen/PCR COVID-19 test results, vaccination and symptom status were analyzed.

The Relationship Between Serious Mental Illness and Criminal Offending in Persons Experiencing Homelessness: The Role of Substance Use Disorder.

Individuals who live with mental illness are encumbered by related risk factors that increase the probability of legal involvement. The goal was to determine how homelessness and substance use disorder are intervening factors in the relationship between symptoms of serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal offending. A sample of 210 chronically homeless adults receiving SAMHSA-funded outreach and psychiatric rehabilitation services between 2014 and 2016 was recruited in a study of interventions to address housing in homeless persons with a SMI.

Design and Development of a Clot Burst Pressure Device to Investigate Resuscitation Strategies.

Introduction: A reduction in clot strength is a hallmark feature of trauma-induced coagulopathy. A better understanding of clot integrity can optimize resuscitation strategies. We designed a device to gauge clot strength by pressurizing fluids over a formed clot and measuring the pressure needed to dislodge the clot.

Delegation and oversight of non-physician practitioners in dermatology.

A rising demand for dermatologic procedures has led to a recent increase in the number of non-physician operators (NPOs) in the dermatology workforce. Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and aestheticians commonly perform procedures in both physician-based practices and medical spas with varying degrees of dermatology-specific training and physician oversight. Although the lack of regulations can negatively impact patient outcomes and adverse events, the role of NPOs in dermatology continues to grow.

Deep learning for detecting and elucidating human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 integration in the human genome.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus, is the causative agent for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and many other human diseases. Accurate and high throughput detection of HTLV-1 virus integration sites (VISs) across the host genomes plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Here, we developed DeepHTLV, the first deep learning framework for VIS prediction from genome sequence, motif discovery, and -regulatory factor identification.

Psychotherapists' openness to engage their patients in Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for mental health treatment.

Despite psychedelic research initially ceasing in the 1970-80s, the findings documented encouraged researchers to re-examine the safety and efficacy of treating mental health with psychedelics. Of particular focus, psilocybin has shown to have therapeutic potential for a variety of mental health problems and was granted breakthrough therapy status by the FDA. Should psilocybin eventually become legally licensed, the success of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy (PAT) may largely rely on clinicians' openness to engage their eligible patients with PAT.

Accuracy and Precision of Opportunistic Measures of Body Composition from the Tanita DC-430U.

It is essential to quantify the accuracy and precision of bioelectrical impedance (BIA)-estimated percent body fat (%BF) to better interpret community-based research findings that utilize opportunistic measures. Study 1 measured the accuracy of a new dual-frequency foot-to-foot BIA device (Tanita DC-430U) compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among healthy elementary school-aged children ( = 50). Study 2 examined the precision of BIA %BF estimates within and between days among children and adults ( = 38).

Venous Sinus Stenting for Low Pressure Gradient Stenoses in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: Medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is frequently treated with venous sinus stenosis stenting with high success rates. Patient selection has been driven almost exclusively by identification of supraphysiological venous pressure gradients across stenotic regions based on theoretical assessment of likelihood of response.

Objective: To explore the possibility of benefit in low venous pressure gradient patients.

Magic Mushrooms - an exploratory look at how mental health professionals feel and think about Psilocybin.

Psilocybin recently received breakthrough status by the FDA for its use in treatment of depression. We therefore investigated mental health professionals' (MHPs) opinions on Psilocybin (n = 155). Overall, attitudes were neutral but self-rated knowledge of Psilocybin was low.

Trends in the Incidence of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers by County-Level Income and Smoking Prevalence in the United States, 2000-2018.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer burden is rising in the United States. Trends in the incidence by county-level income and smoking prevalence remain undescribed. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 21 database to ascertain HPV-associated cancers during 2000-2018.

Changes in marijuana and nicotine vaping perceptions and use behaviors among young adults since the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Background: Research is lacking on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marijuana vaping behaviors; a notable limitation as marijuana vaping has been previously associated with respiratory issues among young people. This qualitative study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced vaping perceptions and behaviors among young adults (18 to 25-year-olds).

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 50 regular marijuana vapers.

Plaque-Associated Oligomeric Amyloid-Beta Drives Early Synaptotoxicity in APP/PS1 Mice Hippocampus: Ultrastructural Pathology Analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by initial memory impairments that progress to dementia. In this sense, synaptic dysfunction and loss have been established as the pathological features that best correlate with the typical early cognitive decline in this disease. At the histopathological level, AD brains typically exhibit intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) along with the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in the form of extracellular deposits.

Bringing hydrogel-based craniofacial therapies to the clinic.

This review explores the evolution of the use of hydrogels for craniofacial soft tissue engineering, ranging in complexity from acellular injectable fillers to fabricated, cell-laden constructs with complex compositions and architectures. Addressing both in situ and ex vivo approaches, tissue restoration secondary to trauma or tumor resection is discussed. Beginning with relatively simple epithelia of oral mucosa and gingiva, then moving to more functional units like vocal cords or soft tissues with multilayer branched structures, such as salivary glands, various approaches are presented toward the design of function-driven architectures, inspired by native tissue organization.

Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation.

Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Cancer patients have unique symptoms from tumor burden and cancer treatments, which affect functional status and quality of life. Reports have shown approximately 65% of cancer patients have at least one functional/rehabilitation need, yet fewer than 10% of these needs get addressed during their cancer journey.

School-based gardening, cooking and nutrition intervention increased vegetable intake but did not reduce BMI: Texas sprouts - a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although school garden programs have been shown to improve dietary behaviors, there has not been a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted to examine the effects of school garden programs on obesity or other health outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a one-year school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (called Texas Sprouts) on dietary intake, obesity outcomes, and blood pressure in elementary school children.

Methods: This study was a school-based cluster RCT with 16 elementary schools that were randomly assigned to either the Texas Sprouts intervention (n = 8 schools) or to control (delayed intervention, n = 8 schools).